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Fulltext Letter to the editor: Knowledge and Attitude of Nursing Personnel towards Depression in General Hospitals: The Korean Perspective

Kosai N, Rajan R, Das S

J Korean Med Sci, 2015 Aug;30(8):1209.
PMID: 26240503 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.8.1209
Methylated MicroRNA Biomarkers for Identifying Ulcerative Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancers

Mahakkanukrauh P, Sinthubua A, Das S

Gastroenterology, 2018 05;154(6):1852.
PMID: 29621516 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.12.048
Emerging Trends On Drug Delivery Strategy of Momordica charantia against Diabetes and its Complications

Thent ZC, Das S, Zaidun NH

Curr Drug Deliv, 2018;15(4):453-460.
PMID: 28545355 DOI: 10.2174/1567201814666170525122224

BACKGROUND: The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased drastically over the past few decades. This oxidant-antioxidant imbalance resulting in complication of diabetes mellitus includes macro- and microvascular complications. Resistance to conventional treatment and patient compliance has paved the way to the usage of effective natural products and supplements. Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is widely consumed in many parts of Malaysia as a vegetable. Momordica charantia (MC) is mainly used in the management of diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE: The present review discusses the literature concerning the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of MC focusing on the complication of diabetes mellitus along with its mode of delivery. We found that among the whole part of MC, its fruit extract has been widely studied, therapeutically. The evidence based analysis of the beneficiary effects of MC on the different organs involved in diabetes complication is also highlighted. This review elucidated an essential understanding of MC based drug delivery system in both clinical and experimental studies and appraised the great potential of the protein based MC extract against diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION: The review paper is believed to assist the researchers and medical personnel in treating diabetic associated complications.
Fulltext The effects of virgin coconut oil on fibroblasts and myofibroblasts on diabetic wound healing

Wong, S.K., Rangiah T., Bakri, N.S.A., Ismail, W.N.A, Bojeng, E.E.F., Abd Rahiman, M.A., et al.

Medicine & Health, 2019;14(2):132-141.
MyJurnal

Delayed wound healing is one of the major complications of diabetes mellitus where it often leads to amputation. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a natural oil widely used to treat wounds and burns traditionally. It possesses potent antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to determine the effect of VCO on the fibroblast population in diabetic wound healing. Full thickness cutaneous wound tissues were collected from non-treated, VCO-treated, and silver sulfadiazine (SS)- treated diabetic rats. The tissues were then subjected to Verhoeff eosin staining and immunohistology of fibroblast and myofibroblast. Histological analysis showed increased collagen deposition with intact epidermis in the VCO treated group compared to decreased collagen deposition with damaged epidermis in both non-treated and SS-treated groups. Interestingly, more fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were observed in the non-treated group compared to the VCO- and SS-treated groups. VCO significantly promoted wound healing process in diabetic rats via promoting re-epithelialization, and increasing collagen fibres deposition and wound contraction. The results suggested VCO can be used to treat diabetic wounds.
Fulltext Gross age-related changes and diseases in human heart valves

Gumpangseth T, Mahakkanukrauh P, Das S

Anat Cell Biol, 2019 Mar;52(1):25-33.
PMID: 30984448 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2019.52.1.25

Cardiac valves are highly complex structures optimizing their function during the cardiac cycle. They open and close directed by blood flow under different pressure conditions in the dynamic environment in the heart. It is acknowledged that the aging process affects the structure and functions of the heart valves. With regard to morphometry, age-related changes of the heart valve can be found in valve circumference, thickness of the leaflet, luminal area at the sinotubular junction, valve diameter, orifice area, and leaflet size in circumferential and radial direction. In addition, there are differences between male and female hearts in some features. Moreover, there are studies the qualitative and quantitative assessment of histological compositions, echocardiography study to investigate the annular circumference and diameter in the human heart valves related with age. Studies into the detailed anatomy of the changes in heart valves with age are important and the correlation between valve morphology and age may be used as an age indicator. This study reviews the basic anatomical structure of the heart valves, age-related changes of valve morphometry, heart valve diseases, and general treatment of valvular diseases in humans. Detailed knowledge of the anatomical features of the morphology of the human heart valve is useful for any treatments of valve pathology.
Fulltext Penetrating ocular trauma by nail of a badminton feather shuttle cock: A rare case report

Das S, Singh V, Saurabh K

Indian J Ophthalmol, 2020 06;68(6):1209-1211.
PMID: 32461485 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1681_19

Sports-related ocular traumas may be rare, but can have devastating and disabling consequences. The causes of eye-related injuries depend on the type of sports popular in a particular area or country. Badminton is a popular sport played by all age groups and socioeconomic segments and is popular in many parts of the world. It is most popular in South-East Asia, accounting for two-thirds of all ocular sports injury in Malaysia. In India, badminton has become quite popular in recent years. Shuttlecocks in badminton have been shown to be responsible for a high number of outpatient ocular sports-related, mostly blunt injuries. We report an unusual case of penetrating ocular injury due to a feather shuttlecock and its surgical management.
Fulltext Next-Generation Biomarkers in Multiple Myeloma: Understanding the Molecular Basis for Potential Use in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Soliman AM, Das S, Teoh SL

Int J Mol Sci, 2021 Jul 13;22(14).
PMID: 34299097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147470

Multiple myeloma (MM) is considered to be the second most common blood malignancy and it is characterized by abnormal proliferation and an accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Although the currently utilized markers in the diagnosis and assessment of MM are showing promising results, the incidence and mortality rate of the disease are still high. Therefore, exploring and developing better diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers have drawn global interest. In the present review, we highlight some of the recently reported and investigated novel biomarkers that have great potentials as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in MM. These biomarkers include angiogenic markers, miRNAs as well as proteomic and immunological biomarkers. Moreover, we present some of the advanced methodologies that could be utilized in the early and competent diagnosis of MM. The present review also focuses on understanding the molecular concepts and pathways involved in these biomarkers in order to validate and efficiently utilize them. The present review may also help in identifying areas of improvement for better diagnosis and superior outcomes of MM.
Letter to the editor related to the article "stress in couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology" published by Tuncay et al

Ahmad MF, Sidi H, Das S

Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2021 03;303(3):853-854.
PMID: 32876742 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05756-3
Re: Cambareri et al.: Do Overweight and Obese Pediatric Stone Formers Have Differences in Metabolic Abnormalities Compared With Normal-weight Stone Formers? (Urology 2017;101:26-30)

Mahakkanukrauh P, Sinthubua A, Das S

Urology, 2017 07;105:210.
PMID: 28412330 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.03.043
Plasmodium inui-like infection producing a presumably fatal illness in a leaf monkey Presbytis johnii--a previously undescribed host

Das SK, Strauss JM, Chee CT

Med J Malaya, 1966 Jun;20(4):323.
PMID: 4224342
miRNA-regulated cancer stem cells: understanding the property and the role of miRNA in carcinogenesis

Chakraborty C, Chin KY, Das S

Tumour Biol., 2016 Oct;37(10):13039-13048.
PMID: 27468722

Over the last few years, microRNAs (miRNA)-controlled cancer stem cells have drawn enormous attention. Cancer stem cells are a small population of tumor cells that possess the stem cell property of self-renewal. Recent data shows that miRNA regulates this small population of stem cells. In the present review, we explained different characteristics of cancer stem cells as well as miRNA regulation of self-renewal and differentiation in cancer stem cells. We also described the migration and tumor formation. Finally, we described the different miRNAs that regulate various types of cancer stem cells, such as prostate cancer stem cells, head and neck cancer stem cells, breast cancer stem cells, colorectal cancer stem cells, lung cancer stem cells, gastric cancer stem cells, pancreatic cancer stem cells, etc. Extensive research is needed in order to employ miRNA-based therapeutics to control cancer stem cell population in various cancers in the future.
Therapeutic effect of Vitamin E in preventing bone loss: An evidence-based review

Nazrun Shuid A, Das S, Mohamed IN

Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 2019 Nov;89(5-6):357-370.
PMID: 30856080 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000566

The present review explored the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of vitamin E, which has protective action against osteoporosis. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the published bone studies on vitamin E. The studies included inflammatory or immunology-related parameters. Medline and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies published from 2005 till 2015. Research articles published in English and confined to the effect of vitamin E on bone were included. It is pertinent to mention that these studies took into consideration inflammatory or immunology parameters including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), serum amyloid A (SAA), e-selection and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). An extended literature search yielded 127 potentially relevant articles with seven articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Another recent article was added with the total number accounting to eight. All these included literature comprised five animal studies, one in-vitro study and two human studies. These studies demonstrated that vitamin E, especially tocotrienol, was able to alleviate IL-1, IL-6, RANKL, iNOS and hs-CRP levels in relation to bone metabolism. In conclusion, vitamin E exerts its anti-osteoporotic actions via its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.
Diversity and evolution of the envelope gene of dengue virus type 1 circulating in India in recent times

Dey S, Nandy A, Nandy P, Das S

Int J Bioinform Res Appl, 2015;11(6):469-82.
PMID: 26642358 DOI: 10.1504/ijbra.2015.073235

Dengue viral attacks have been reported in various parts of India in recent years. In this paper we report on our studies of the characterisation and evolutionary aspects of gene sequences of the envelope glycoprotein of the prevalent Indian dengue virus type 1. Comparison with sequences from other countries shows that the envelope genes identified in India are closely related to strains from Malaysia. From the evolutionary point of view the envelope gene sequences of this dengue virus of India for past few years show that a marked mutational shift in the nucleotide sequences of the envelope gene have taken place from around the year 2000. Also, phylogenetic relationship with other three sera of dengue virus reported in India from 2005 shows that the dengue virus 1 is more closely related to dengue viruses 3 and 4 and relatively distantly to dengue virus 2.
A histological study of the structural changes in the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with or without Momordica charantia (bitter gourd)

Teoh SL, Latiff AA, Das S

Clin Ter, 2009;160(4):283-6.
PMID: 19795081

Aim: Diabetic liver is associated with biochemical, physiological and pathological changes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the histological changes following administration of Momordica charantia (MC) in the streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.

Materials and methods: Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats (n=18) were taken for this study. The animals were divided into 3 groups:- non-diabetic (n=6), untreated diabetic (n=6) and diabetic treated with MC extract (n=6). Diabetes was induced in the experimental rats via intravenous injection of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight). MC extract (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally to the treated diabetic rats 10 days following induction. The liver tissues were collected on the 10th day following treatment and the histological study was performed using different staining methods which included hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Verhoeff's van Gieson (VvG) and periodic acid Schiff (PAS).

Results: The liver of the diabetic rats showed involvement of the hepatocytes with features of inflammation. The portal triad in the diabetic liver showed extensive involvement in terms of accumulation of mucopolysaccharide deposits. Liver damage in the diabetic animals showed features of healing with administration of the MC extract.

Conclusions: The MC extract due to its antioxidant role may be helpful in reversing the changes in the liver in diabetes mellitus.
Fulltext Histological changes in the kidneys of experimental diabetic rats fed with Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) extract

Teoh SL, Abd Latiff A, Das S

Rom J Morphol Embryol, 2010;51(1):91-5.
PMID: 20191126

Momordica charantia (MC) or bitter gourd is widely known for its antidiabetic properties. The aim of the present study was to observe the protective effect of MC extract on the kidneys of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=18) weighing 200+/-50 g were taken for the study. The study comprised of three groups i.e. a non-diabetic, diabetic untreated and diabetic treated with MC extract, with each group comprising of six (n=6) rats. Diabetes was induced in the overnight fasted rats by intramuscular injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg body weight). The MC extract (50 mg/kg body weight) was administered via oral gavage. Both the kidneys were collected on the tenth day following treatment. Histological study using Verhoeff's van Gieson (VvG) and Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stains were performed. The kidneys of the diabetic rats showed thickening of the basement membrane of the Bowman's capsule, edema and hypercellurarity of the proximal tubules, necrosis and hyaline deposits. These features were found to be reversed when the MC extract was administered to the experimental animals. The MC extract acted as an antioxidant thereby preventing the oxidative damage involved in the diabetic kidney. The administration of MC extract prevents oxidative damage in diabetic nephropathy.
Fish Gelatin: Current Nutritional, Medicinal, Tissue Repair Applications and Carrier of Drug Delivery

Soliman AM, Teoh SL, Das S

Curr Pharm Des, 2022 Jan 28.
PMID: 35088658 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220128103725

Gelatin is obtained via partial denaturation of collagen and is extensively used in various industries. The majority of gelatin utilized globally is derived from a mammalian source. Several health and religious concerns associated with porcine/bovine gelatin were reported. Therefore, gelatin from a marine source is widely being investigated for its efficiency and utilization in a variety of applications as a potential substitute for porcine/bovine gelatin. Although fish gelatin is less durable and possesses lower melting and gelling temperatures compared to mammal-derived gelatin, various modifications are being reported to promote its rheological and functional properties to be efficiently employed. The present review describes in detail the current innovative applications of fish gelatin involving the food industry, drug delivery and possible therapeutic applications. Gelatin bioactive molecules may be utilized as carriers for drug delivery. Due to its versatility, gelatin can be used in different carrier systems, such as microparticles, nanoparticles, fibers and hydrogels. The present review also provides a perspective on the other potential pharmaceutical applications of fish gelatin, such as tissue regeneration, antioxidant supplementation, antihypertensive and anticancer treatments.
The effect of physical activity, body mass index and waist circumference on incident diabetes

Mahakkanukrauh P, Sinthubua A, Das S

Postgrad Med, 2018 03;130(2):186.
PMID: 29115878 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2018.1402657
Fulltext A new method for sex estimation from maxillary suture length in a Thai population

Sinthubua A, Ruengdit S, Das S, Mahakkanukrauh P

Anat Cell Biol, 2017 Dec;50(4):261-264.
PMID: 29354297 DOI: 10.5115/acb.2017.50.4.261

Sex estimation is one of the crucial procedures in the biological profile identification of human skeletal remains. Knowing sex of unknown case can lead to accurate and appropriate methods for predicting age, stature, ancestry, or even personal identification. Skull is one of the most reliable one among other skeletons and it is usually retained for both archaeological and forensic contexts. Although many morphological features and metric measurements of skull have been studied for sexing, but to the best of our knowledge is no study on maxillary suture length for sex estimation. Therefore, this study aims to develop a new sex estimation method for a Thai population by determining three maxillary suture lengths: anterior, transverse, and posterior maxillary suture, by computerizing amount of pixel obtained from photographs of these sutures. The present study was conducted on 190 Thai bone samples of which 96 were males and 94 were females. Independent t test revealed statistically significant difference (P<0.01) between males and females in all maxillary suture measurements. Equations derived from prediction model, which required three maxillary suture lengths gave 76.8421% accuracy from the leave-one-out cross validation in estimating sex percentage accuracies in predicting sex from these equations, which were relatively moderate. This study provides a novel and objective sex estimation method for Thais. It suggests that maxillary suture length can be applied for sex estimation. The new computerized technique will contribute basis knowledge and method for sex estimation, especially when only base of skull is available in forensic circumstance.
Fulltext Dietary Acrylamide and the Risks of Developing Cancer: Facts to Ponder

Kumar J, Das S, Teoh SL

Front Nutr, 2018;5:14.
PMID: 29541638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00014

Acrylamide (AA) is a water soluble white crystalline solid commonly used in industries. It was listed as an industrial chemical with potential carcinogenic properties. However to date, AA was used to produce polyacrylamide polymer, which was widely used as a coagulant in water treatment; additives during papermaking; grouting material for dams, tunnels, and other underground building constructions. AA in food could be formed during high-temperature cookingviaseveral mechanisms, i.e., formationviaacrylic acid which may be derived from the degradation of lipid, carbohydrates, or free amino acids; formationviathe dehydration/decarboxylation of organic acids (malic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid); and direct formation from amino acids. The big debate is whether this compound is toxic to human beings or not. In the present review, we discuss the formation of AA in food products, its consumption, and possible link to the development of any cancers. We discuss the body enzymatic influence on AA and mechanism of action of AA on hormone, calcium signaling pathways, and cytoskeletal filaments. We also highlight the deleterious effects of AA on nervous system, reproductive system, immune system, and the liver. The present and future mitigation strategies are also discussed. The present review on AA may be beneficial for researchers, food industry, and also medical personnel.
Acute myocardial infarction in an adolescent

Muthupalaniappen L, Menon RK, Das S

Saudi Med J, 2012 Feb;33(2):197-200.
PMID: 22327763

Myocardial infarction (MI) is known to be common in adults. Interestingly, we report a case of a 15-year-old boy who presented with typical chest pain secondary to myocardial infarct attributable to a combination of familial hyperlipidemia and possible episode of Kawasaki disease in the past. The patient failed treatment and follow-up care, and died 2 years later. Although rare, this case demonstrates that MI should be considered as a diagnosis in adolescents presenting with typical chest pain as early detection, and management is vital for survival.

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