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  1. Fulltext Release of bisphenol a from polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate drinking water bottles under different storage conditions and its associated health risk
    Wen Min Yun, Yu Bin Ho, Eugenie Sin Sing Tan, Vivien How
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(102):1-9.
    MyJurnal
    Bisphenol A (BPA) is a controversial plastics ingredient used mainly in the production of polycarbonate plastics (PC) and epoxy resins that widely used nowadays in food and drink packaging. Even though BPA is not involved in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing, recent study had reported the present of BPA in PET water bottle. This study was conducted to investigate effects storage conditions on release of BPA from PC and PET bottled water as well as to assess health risks associated with consumption. Methods: Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used to extract the samples, followed by analysis using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (UHPLC-FLD). The possibility of developing chronic non-carcinogenic health risk among consumers of bottled water was evaluated using hazard quotient (HQ). Results: Results showed that BPA migrated from PC and PET water bottles at concentrations ranging from 9.13 to 257.67 ng/L and 11.53 ng/L to 269.87 ng/L respectively. Concentrations of BPA were higher in PET bottled water compared to PC bottled water across all storage conditions. Higher storage temperature and longer storage duration increased BPA concentrations in PC and PET bottled water. Concentrations of BPA in bottled water which were kept in a car and were exposed to sunlight were higher than control samples which were stored indoor at room temperature. Conclusion: No significant chronic non-carcinogenic health risks were calculated for daily ingestion of BPA-contaminated bottled water; calculated HQ was less than one.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  2. Fulltext Noncommunicable disease risk factors and socioeconomic inequalities – what are the links? A multicountry analysis of noncommunicable disease surveillance data. Report to the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific
    Bauman A, Phongsavan P, Schoeppe S, Chey T
    ISBN: 978-92-9061-474-6
    Citation: Bauman A, Phongsavan P, Schoeppe S, Chey T. Noncommunicable disease risk factors and socioeconomic inequalities – what are the links? A multicountry analysis of noncommunicable disease surveillance data. Report to the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010

    Malaysia as contributing authors and in full text.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  3. Chemical components of marine sponge derived fungus fusarium proliferatum collected from Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia
    Mosadeghzad Z, Zuriati Zakaria, Asmat A, Gires U, Wickneswari R, Pittayakhajonwut P, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:333-337.
    Marine fungus Fusarium proliferatum derived from marine sponge collected along Pulau Tinggi, Malaysia was cultivated on Potato Dextrose Broth and incubated for 7 days at 30oC. The liquid cultures were then extracted using ethyl acetate. The crude extract was investigated for its anti-microbial activity and was passed through Sephadex column and the fractions were collected. Reverse phase HPLC was used to monitor the component of crude extract. HPLC guided purification of crude extract resulted in the isolation of linoleic acid, 4-hydroxy phenethyl alcohol, 2,5-furandimethanol and adenosine. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  4. Fulltext The comparative effects of listening to prayer recitation and music therapy intraoperatively on postoperative pain
    Farah Syaza Rahman, Nurlia Yahya, Nor Mohammad Md Din, Azarinah Izaham, Wan Rahiza Wan Mat
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(2):107-116.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Non-pharmacological interventions are considered as successful adjuncts to manage pain. We are studying the comparative effects of listening to prayer recitation and music therapy intraoperatively as non-pharmacological interventions on postoperative pain and intraoperative haemodynamics. Materials and Methods: Seventy two muslim patients with acute appendicitis requiring open, emergency appendicectomies under general anaesthesia were recruited and randomised into three groups: Group A: patients who listened to prayer recitation, Group B: patients who listened to music, Group C: control group - patients who did not listen to any prayer or music. Intraoperative blood pressure, heart rate and postoperative pain scores were monitored. Results: The demographic data, pre- and post-headphones application haemodynamics were compared. There were significantly lower heart rates at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 minutes for Group A and at 50 and 60 minutes for Group B patients when compared to Group C. Significant reduction in postoperative pain scores were seen in Group A patients at 30 minutes and 8 hours as compared to Group C patients. No significant differences in pain scores were seen between Group B and C patients. No significant differences in additional analgesic requirements postoperatively were seen in all three groups. Conclusion: Listening to prayer recitation or music intraoperatively significantly lowered intraoperative heart rates, however only prayer recitation significantly reduced postoperative pain scores as compared to the control group.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  5. Chemical profile of compounds from lichens of Bukit Larut, Peninsular Malaysia
    Laily B. Din, Zuriati Zakaria, Mohd Wahid Samsudin, Elix JA
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    The lichen collection from Bukit Larut, Taiping, Malaysia in 1999 included Bulbothrix isidiza, Chrysothrix xanthina, Cladonia adspersa, C. verticillata, Coccocarpia palmicola, Heterodermia flabellata, H. japonica, H. obscurata, Hypotrachyna imbricatula, Leptogium azureum, Parmelinella wallichiana, Parmotrema tinctorum, P. clavuliferum, P. reticulatum, Pertusaria sp., Physma byrsaeum, Usnea baileyi and Usnea rubrotincta. Secondary metabolites could not be detected in three lichens, Coccocarpia palmicola, Leptogium azureum and Physma byrsaeum by HPLC and TLC analysis. The other 15 lichen species showed the presence of ten classes of compounds, depsides (10 compounds), depsidones (16), quinones (5), xanthones (2), naphthopyrones (1), pulvinic acid derivatives (1), diphenylethers (1), dibenzofurans (1), aliphatic acids (4) and terpenoids (3).
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  6. Sequential saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (sssf) of sago hampas for the production of bioethanol
    Micky Vincent, Berry Rence Anak Senawi, Ennry Esut, Norizawati Muhammad Nor, Dayang Salwani Awang Adeni
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:899-904.
    Bioethanol is a very environmentally friendly liquid biofuel that is not only renewable, but also sustainable. It is currently
    deemed as a highly suitable additive and substitute energy source to replace fossil based fuel. In this study, bioethanol
    was produced from sago hampas by using commercial amylase, cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae via sequential
    saccharification and simultaneous fermentation (SSSF), a modified version of the simultaneous saccharification and
    fermentation (SSF) process. SSSF was performed on sago hampas at 2.5 and 5.0% (w/v) feedstock load for five days. The
    samples taken from the SSSF broths were analysed via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for ethanol, glucose
    and acetic acid production. From the results obtained, SSSF with 5.0% sago hampas loading exhibited the highest ethanol
    production at 14.13 g/L (77.43% of theoretical ethanol yield), while SSSF using 2.5% sago hampas loading produced
    ethanol at 6.45 g/L (69.24% of theoretical ethanol yield). This study has shown that ethanol not only can be produced
    from sago hampas using different enzyme mixtures and S. cerevisiae via SSSF, but yields were also high, making this
    process highly promising for the production of cheap and sustainable ethanol as fuel.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  7. Fulltext Physico-chemical properties of the oils and fat from Crotalaria Cleomifolia seeds
    Noor Wini Mazlan, Ikram M. Said
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40(9):1037-1041.
    The seeds of C. cleomifolia (locally known as kacang hantu) collected along Simpang Pulai - Berinchang Road, Cameron Highlands, was defatted with hexane and the resulting oil was analysed for their physico-chemical properties. The percentage yield of the oil was calculated as 5.3%. The acid value (1.2%), iodine value (85), peroxide value (0.6), saponification value (192.0) and unsaponifiable matter (2.3%) were determined to assess the quality of the oil. The physico-chemical characterisation showed that C. cleomifolia seeds oil is unsaturated semi-drying oil, with high saponifi cation and acidic values. The fatty acid composition of C. cleomifolia seed oil was determined by Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (ToF). The seed oil of C. cleomifolia contained linoleic acid (57.59%) and palmitic acid (5.07%), the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, respectively. The polyunsaturated triacylglycerol (TAG) in C. cleomifolia seed oil determined by reverse phase High performance Liquid Chromatography; contained as PLL (18.04%) followed by POL + SLL (11.92%), OOL (7.04%) and PLLn (6.31%). The melting and cooling point of the oil were 16.22°C and -33.54°C, respectively
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  8. Production of major mycotoxins by Fusarium species isolated from wild grasses in Peninsular Malaysia
    Nor Azliza I, Hafizi R, Nurhazrati M, Salleh B
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:89-94.
    The Fusarium species are notoriously known for causing various plants and animal diseases and producing a number of harmful mycotoxins. The mycotoxins production by species recovered from non-agricultural hosts such as wild grasses have hitherto never been given attention. We examined 30 strains representing 12 Fusarium species i.e. F. oxysporum, F. solani, F. semitectum, F. nelsonii, F. compactum, F. equiseti, F. chlamydosporum, F. proliferatum, F. subglutinans, F. sacchari, F. lateritium and F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex isolated from wild grasses in Peninsular Malaysia for the production of four major mycotoxins i.e. moniliformin (MON), fumonisin BI (FB1), zearalenone (ZEN) and beauvericin (BEA) using TLC and HPLC techniques. BEA was the highest frequency of mycotoxin detected, followed by MON, ZEN and FB1. This study also presented the first report of BEA production by F. solani, F. compactum and F. chlamydosporum. All mycotoxins were not produced by F. nelsonii and F. lateritium. All Fusarium species were isolated from asymptomatic grasses, hence they are likely to exist as endophytes or latent pathogens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  9. Quantitative HPLC analysis of gallic acid in benincasa hispida prepared with different extraction techniques
    Fatariah Z, Zulkhairuazha TT, Wan Rosli W
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:1181-1187.
    Ash gourd (Benincasa hispida, Bh) is traditionally claimed useful in treating asthma, cough, diabetes, haemoptysis and hemorrhages from internal organs, epilepsy, fever and balancing of the body heat. One of the major phenolic acids presented in Benincasa hispida is gallic acid, a phenolic compound which is linked with its ability in reducing Type II diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different extraction techniques on the concentration of gallic acid in Bh. The Bh extracts were prepared with three different techniques namely; fresh extract (FE), low heating (LH) and drying and heating (DH). The gallic acid has been detected and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with uv-Vis detector. The amount of gallic acid detected in FE, LH and DH were 0.036, 0.050 and 0 272 mg1100 g, respectively. The limits of detection was 0.75 liglmL while the limit of quantification and recovery were 2.50 liglmL and 95 .53% , respectively. In summary, HPLC technique coupled with vv detector systems able to quantify gallic acid in Bh extracts. The gallic acid were present at higher concentration in Bh extracted using drying and heating, followed by low heating and fresh extract methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  10. Cyanide degradation by pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain W2 Isolated from mining effluent
    Belinda Tiong, Zaratulnur Mohd Bahari, Nor Sahslin Irwan Shah Lee, Zaharah Ibrahim, Shafinaz Shahir
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:233-238.
    Cyanide is highly toxic to the living organisms as it inhibits respiration system in the cell mitochondria. Cyanide is commonly used in gold extraction process and its discharge into the environment not only causes pollution but it also brings harm to the surrounding population. Chemical treatment is expensive and the use of hazardous compound can exacerbate the problem. Biodegradation offers cheap and safe alternative as it overcomes the problems faced by chemical treatment. In this study, indigenous bacteria from mining wastewater were isolated. Cyanide degradation was done via shake flask method. A bacterium, designated W2 was found able to grow in the mining wastewater. 16S rRNA analysis identified the strain as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes which could tolerate up to 39 mg/L cyanide concentration and growth was depleted at 52 mg/L. 60% cyanide degradation was achieved in wastewater containing medium. End-product analysis from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detected formamide implicating the role of cyanide hydratase in cyanide degradation. It can be concluded that P. pseudoalcaligenes is capable of biodegrading cyanide and its potential in wastewater treatment containing cyanide is feasible.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  11. Fulltext Post-operative Hypertension following Correction of Flexion Deformity of the Knees in a Spastic Diplegic Child: A Case Report
    Vipin M, Sujendra DM, Imthiaz VK, Hitesh-Shah
    Malays Orthop J, 2016 Nov;10(3):46-48.
    PMID: 28553449 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1611.006
    An adolescent boy with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy presented with crouch gait. He had bilateral severe flexion deformities of knees and hips. He was treated with single event multilevel surgery for the correction of deformities. Surgical procedures included bilateral adductor release, iliopsoas lengthening, bilateral femoral shortening and patella plication. Persistent hypertension was noted in the post-operative period. All causes of secondary hypertension were ruled out. Having persistent hypertension following the femoral shortening procedure is unusual. Antihypertensive medication controlled his blood pressure 15 months after surgery. Hypertension following correction of knee flexion deformity and limb lengthening is well known. Hypertension has not been described with the shortening osteotomy of the femur. Hypertension is a rare complication following the corrective surgery for the treatment of crouch gait. Blood pressure should be monitored during the post-operative period to detect such a rare complication.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  12. Fulltext In vitro and in silico studies of chalcone synthase variant 2 in Boesenbergia rotunda and its substrate specificity
    Sanmugavelan R, Teoh TC, Roslan N, Mohamed Z
    Turk J Biol, 2018;42(3):213-223.
    PMID: 30814883 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1710-107
    In this study, transformation of BrCHS var 2 into B. rotunda cell suspension culture, followed by chalcone synthase enzymatic assay and HPLC analysis was conducted to investigate whether the substrate specificity for BrCHS var 2 is either cinnamoyl-CoA or p-coumaroyl-CoA. The HPLC profile showed an increase in the amount of pinocembrin chalcone when cinnamoyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA were added but not p-coumaroyl-CoA. Molecular docking was performed to explore the binding of cinnamoyl-CoA and p-coumaroyl-CoA to BrCHS var 2 receptor and the docking results showed that cinnamoyl-CoA formed numerous hydrogen bonds and more negative docked energy than p-coumaroyl-CoA. Cinnamoyl-CoA showed good interactions with Cys 164 to initiate the subsequent formation of pinocembrin chalcone, whereas the hydroxyl group of p-coumaroyl-CoA formed an unfavorable interaction with Gln 161 that caused steric hindrance to subsequent formation of naringenin chalcone. Docked conformation analysis results also showed that malonyl-CoA formed hydrogen bonding with Cys 164, His 303, and Asn 336 residues in BrCHS var 2. The results show that cinnamoyl-CoA is the preferred substrate for BrCHS var 2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  13. Differentiation of Ficus deltoidea varieties and chemical marker determination by UHPLC-TOFMS metabolomics for establishing quality control criteria of this popular Malaysian medicinal herb
    Afzan A, Kasim N, Ismail NH, Azmi N, Ali AM, Mat N, et al.
    Metabolomics, 2019 Mar 04;15(3):35.
    PMID: 30830457 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1489-2
    BACKGROUND: Ficus deltoidea Jack (Moraceae) is a plant used in Malaysia for various diseases including as a supplement in diabetes management. Morphology distinction of the 7 main varieties (var. angustifolia, var. bilobata, var. deltoidea, var. intermedia, var. kunstleri, var. motleyana and var. trengganuensis) is challenging due to the extreme leaf heterophylly and unclear varietal boundaries, making it difficult for quality control of F. deltoidea products.

    OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the phytochemical composition of 7 varieties growing in different conditions at various geographical locations. We also aimed to establish the quality control markers for the authentication of these varieties.

    METHODS: We applied untargeted UHPLC-TOFMS metabolomics to discriminate 100 leaf samples of F. deltoidea collected from 6 locations in Malaysia. A genetic analysis on 21 leaf samples was also performed to validate the chemotaxonomy differentiation.

    RESULTS: The PCA and HCA analysis revealed the existence of 3 chemotypes based on the differentiation in the flavonoid content. The PLS-DA analysis identified 15 glycosylated flavone markers together with 1 furanocoumarin. These markers were always consistent for the respective varieties, regardless of the geographical locations and growing conditions. The chemotaxonomy differentiation was in agreement with the DNA sequencing. In particular, var. bilobata accession which showed divergent morphology was also differentiated by the chemical fingerprints and genotype.

    CONCLUSION: Chemotype differentiation based on the flavonoid fingerprints along with the proposed markers provide a powerful identification tool to complement morphology and genetic analyses for the quality control of raw materials and products from F. deltoidea.

    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  14. Fulltext HPLC-PDA Polyphenolic Quantification, UHPLC-MS Secondary Metabolite Composition, and In Vitro Enzyme Inhibition Potential of Bougainvillea glabra
    Saleem H, Htar TT, Naidu R, Anwar S, Zengin G, Locatelli M, et al.
    Plants (Basel), 2020 Mar 20;9(3).
    PMID: 32245104 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030388
    The plants of the Bougainvillea genus are widely explored regarding nutritive and medicinal purposes. In this study, dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts of Bougainvillea glabra (Choisy.) aerial and flower parts were analyzed for high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA), ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) phytochemical composition, and enzyme inhibition potential against key enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase), skin problems (tyrosinase), and inflammatory disorders (lipoxygenase (LOX)). HPLC-PDA quantification revealed the identification of nine different polyphenolics, amongst which both flower extracts were richest. The flower MeOH extract contained the highest amount of catechin (6.31 μg/g), gallic acid (2.39 μg/g), and rutin (1.26 μg/g). However, none of the quantified compounds were detected in the aerial DCM extract. UHPLC-MS analysis of DCM extracts revealed the tentative identification of 27 secondary metabolites, where the most common belonged to terpenoid, alkaloid, and phenolic derivatives. Similarly, for enzyme inhibition, all the extracts presented moderate activity against tyrosinase and α-amylases, whereas, for LOX, both methanolic extracts showed higher percentage inhibition compared with DCM extracts. Based on our findings, B. glabra could be regarded as a perspective starting material for designing novel pharmaceuticals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  15. Expression and functional analysis of a transgenic cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in pueraria mirifica
    Xu L, Kaopong R, Nualkaew S, Chullasara A, Phongdara A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1491-1498.
    soflavonoids are the main compound in White Kwao Krua (Pueraria mirifica), which is an effective folk medicinal plant endemic to Thailand. It has been widely used for improving human physical and treating diseases. There are substances with estrogenic activities have been isolated from P. mirifica, such as puerarin, daidzein and genistein. Isoflavone synthase (IFS) is one of the key enzymes in Leguminous plants to convert liquiritigenin, liquiritigenin C-glucoside and naringenin chalcone to isoflavonoids. The aim of this research was to enhance the production of isoflavonoids by metabolic engineering. Transgenic plants were constructed by introducing P450 gene (EgP450) which is similar to IFS from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), into P. mirifica by a biolistic method. After the transgenic plants had proved successfully, isoflavonoids of each group plants were determined by HPLC. The contents of daidzein and genistein in transgenic plants were higher than the control plants
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  16. Physical examination and basic haematological findings in a selected group of migrant workers in Malaysia
    Chia YC
    JUMMEC, 2002;7:40-43.
    The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and extent of diseases present among migrant workers. A total of 809 migrant workers were examined. The mean BMI (Body Mass Index) was 22.3 kg/m2. Only 4.9% of the respondents had blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg. Generally the migrant workers examined were healthy, except for subjects with abnormal eosinophilia coutns, which may indicate occult parasitic infestation. Non-communicable disease in particular hypertension and diabetes mellitus are not major problems among migrant workers. Perhaps the target to aim at are the illegal migrant workers where more illness could be detected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  17. Fulltext A brief review on ACE I/D gene polymorphism and blood pressure response to exercise training
    Hazwani Ahmad Yusof, Abdul Rashid Aziz, Nor Farah Mohamad Fauzi, Ahmad Munir Che Muhamed
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(201):179-189.
    MyJurnal
    Exercise has been suggested as the best and the most affordable way for managing blood pressure. The insertion/ deletion of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphism had been reported to be linked with sev- eral diseases such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Several studies showed that blood pressure response to exercise training for health management also vary among individuals with different genotypes of ACE I/D gene poly- morphism. A study of 9 months of endurance exercise training at 75 to 85 % of VO2max showed that the decrease of resting blood pressure in I allele carriers wass greater than D allele carriers. In contrast, other study discovered that adult women with D allele had greater reduction in resting blood pressure than those with I allele, following a 12-week combined aerobic and resistance exercise training. Despite the inconsistencies of some findings, it has remained unknown if the ACE I/D gene polymorphism would also influence blood pressure response to isometric handgrip training that had been found to be superior to the dynamic resistance exercise training in controlling and preventing high blood pressure. Thus, this article was to review the literature on ACE I/D gene polymorphism and blood pressure response to exercise training that could serve as the basis for future research to identify individuals who will lower resting blood pressure the most with exercise training program for health management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  18. Micro-RNA and the Features of Metabolic Syndrome: A Narrative Review
    Das S, Mohamed IN, Teoh SL, Thevaraj T, Ku Ahmad Nasir KN, Zawawi A, et al.
    Mini Rev Med Chem, 2020;20(7):626-635.
    PMID: 31969099 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200122124445
    The incidence of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) has risen globally. MetS includes a combination of features, i.e. blood glucose impairment, excess abdominal/body fat dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure. Other than conventional treatment with drugs, the main preventive approaches include lifestyle changes, weight loss, diet control and adequate exercise also proves to be beneficial. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in most biological and pathological processes. In the present review, we discuss various miRNAs which are related to MetS by targeting various organs, including the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles and adipose tissues. These miRNAs have the effect on insulin production and secretion (miR-9, miR-124a, miR-130a,b, miR152, miR-335, miR-375), insulin resistance (miR-29), adipogenesis (miR-143, miR148a) and lipid metabolism (miR-192). We also discuss the miRNAs as potential biomarkers and future therapeutic targets. This review may be beneficial for molecular biologists and clinicians dealing with MetS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure
  19. Constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell for azo dyes degradation and energy recovery: Influence of molecular structure, kinetics, mechanisms and degradation pathways
    Oon YL, Ong SA, Ho LN, Wong YS, Dahalan FA, Oon YS, et al.
    Sci Total Environ, 2020 Jun 10;720:137370.
    PMID: 32325554 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137370
    Complete degradation of azo dye has always been a challenge due to the refractory nature of azo dye. An innovative hybrid system, constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC) was developed for simultaneous azo dye remediation and energy recovery. This study investigated the effect of circuit connection and the influence of azo dye molecular structures on the degradation rate of azo dye and bioelectricity generation. The closed circuit system exhibited higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and decolourisation efficiencies compared to the open circuit system. The wastewater treatment performances of different operating systems were ranked in the decreasing order of CW-MFC (R1 planted-closed circuit) > MFC (R2 plant-free-closed circuit) > CW (R1 planted-open circuit) > bioreactor (R2 plant-free-open circuit). The highest decolourisation rate was achieved by Acid Red 18 (AR18), 96%, followed by Acid Orange 7 (AO7), 67% and Congo Red (CR), 60%. The voltage outputs of the three azo dyes were ranked in the decreasing order of AR18 > AO7 > CR. The results disclosed that the decolourisation performance was significantly influenced by the azo dye structure and the moieties at the proximity of azo bond; the naphthol type azo dye with a lower number of azo bond and more electron-withdrawing groups could cause azo bond to be more electrophilic and more reductive for decolourisation. Moreover, the degradation pathway of AR18, AO7 and CR were elucidated based on the respective dye intermediate products identified through UV-Vis spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) analyses. The CW-MFC system demonstrated high capability of decolouring azo dyes at the anaerobic anodic region and further mineralising dye intermediates at the aerobic cathodic region to less harmful or non-toxic products.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
  20. Fulltext Development and validation of RP-HPLC-UV method for the determination of Glipizide in human plasma
    Atif M, Khalid SH, Onn Kit GL, Sulaiman SA, Asif M, Chandersekaran A
    J Young Pharm, 2013 Mar;5(1):26-9.
    PMID: 24023449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jyp.2013.01.005
    A simple, sensitive and selective HPLC method with UV detection for determination of Glipizide in human plasma was developed. Liquid-liquid extraction method was used to extract the drug from the plasma samples. Chromatographic separation of Glipizide was achieved using C18 column (ZORBAX ODS 4.6 × 150 mm). The mobile phase was comprised of 0.01 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (65:35, v/v) adjusted to pH 4.25 with glacial acetic acid. The analysis was run at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with an injection volume was 20 μL. The detector was operated at 275 nm. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 50-1600 ng/mL. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy values were below 15%. The limit of quantification was 50 ng/mL and the mean recovery was above 98%. Freeze-thaw, short-term, long-term and post-preparative stability studies showed that Glipizide in plasma sample was stable. The method may be successfully applied to analyze the Glipizide concentration in plasma samples for bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
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