Displaying publications 801 - 820 of 1284 in total

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  1. Muhammad Wafiuddin
    MyJurnal
    Prostate carcinoma is a common health issue that can metastasise in the spine. A 65-year-old male was diagnosed with prostate carcinoma and two years later he developed a progressive neurological deficit over the bilateral lower limb. He experienced severe back pain, became paraplegic and the quality of life was severely impaired. Radiographic investigations were done and revealed osteoblastic bone metastasis at thoracic vertebrae with spinal cord compression. The patient underwent surgical decompression surgery at the T9 level mainly for pain control. Six months post-surgery not only the pain was well controlled but patient able to ambulate with walking aid. It is a rare post-operative result as the neurological recovery in a patient with complete paralysis is less than 3%. This type of recovery is possible when the cause of the neurological deficit is mainly mechanical compression from tumour rather than cord ischaemia from traumatic injury.
    Matched MeSH terms: Back Pain
  2. Abilash Kumar, Jeffrey Jayaraj, Jacob Abraham, Premchandran Menon, Manohar Arumugam
    MyJurnal
    Post-operative complications are well known to impair the functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Patella subluxations post-TKA is a grim complication rendering patients disable post-surgery. Howbeit, medial patella subluxation is a rarely recorded incident altogether. This case report describes a patient post successful TKA two years ago, who was incidentally diagnosed with a medial patellofemoral subluxation during a recent routine yearly follow up. This gentleman, however, had no complaints and the only evident clinical sign was anterior knee skin puckering. A radiograph of the knee confirmed our clinical suspicion of medial patella subluxation. The patient’s symptoms, his expectations, radiological findings, what went wrong during surgery and management of this rare entity were analysed. This rarely reported entity requires a high degree of suspicion especially if the patient complains of instability and peculiar anterior knee pain. Diagnosis is customarily clinical and revision surgery is almost invariably necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  3. Muhammad Wafiuddin, Ahmad Faizal Roslan, Ahmad Hafiz Zulkifly
    MyJurnal
    Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease dated back from ancient Greece time. Once rare in developed countries, now it has re-emerged due to immigration and secondary immunodeficiency. A 27-year-old lady had left knee pain for the past 4 years, went for knee diagnostic arthroscopy procedure, and diagnosed as pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the left knee. Despite regular analgesics and physiotherapy, patient symptoms worsen. Two years after the initial treatment, the patient went for a further workout and diagnosed as knee tuberculosis, commenced on anti-TB treatment, the patient still left complicated with a stiff knee and fixed flexion deformity. Identification of knee tuberculosis during the initial phase is crucial as late diagnosis and treatment will leave the patient with debilitating complications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  4. Abuzarifa N, Al-Chalabi MMM, Wan Sulaiman WA
    Cureus, 2021 Mar 05;13(3):e13712.
    PMID: 33842103 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13712
    Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (also called neurofibrosarcomas) are a rare, highly aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that arise from the peripheral nerves or cells associated with the nerve sheath, such as Schwann cells, peri-neural cells and fibroblasts. It is representing 10% of all soft tissue sarcomas in which it is considered as an extremely rare malignancy, especially in patients with neurofibromatosis type I. In the general population, it affects approximately 1 in 100,000 people. This article is reporting a 56-year-old Malay female patient who is a known case of neurofibromatosis type I for 20 years, presented with a lower back, pruritic, gradually increasing swelling during the last five months. Last month before the presentation, the lesion rapidly grows, reaching a size of (15×15 cm), accompanied by foul-smelling discharge and pain exacerbated with movement. Although no history of preceding trauma or accident, the mass bleeds within contact. In conclusion, only a few cases of giant malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours reported in the literature describing its location and growth progression. We present a massive, extremely rapid growth of cutaneous exophytic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours over the lower back.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  5. Singh PKM, Noor MIM, Jaafar R, Ahmad A, Mohamad I
    Medeni Med J, 2021;36(1):75-79.
    PMID: 33828894 DOI: 10.5222/MMJ.2021.37539
    Retropharyngeal calcific tendonitis (RCT) is an aseptic inflammatory process of the superior oblique tendons of the longus colli muscle caused by the deposition of calcium hydroxyapatite crystals. We reported a 23-year-old woman who presented with a sudden onset of neck pain with odynophagia after waking up from sleep. Physical examination showed paracervical point tenderness with limited neck movement in all directions. Prior to surgery, further imaging was requested to aid in diagnosis, which in turn revealed RCT. It is important to be aware that RCT presentation may mimic other severe conditions such as retropharyngeal space abscess or meningitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neck Pain
  6. Abu Bakar NA, Sulaiman MR, Lajis N, Akhtar MN, Mohamad AS
    J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2020 Nov;12(Suppl 2):S711-S717.
    PMID: 33828366 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_344_19
    Introduction: Pain is a major global health issue, where its pharmacotherapy prompts unwanted side effects; hence, the development of effective alternative compounds from natural derivatives with lesser side effects is clinically needed. Chalcone; the precursors of flavonoid, and its derivatives have been widely investigated due to its pharmacological properties.

    Objective: This study addressed the therapeutic effect of 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(5-methyl furan-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one (DMPF-1); synthetic chalcone derivative, on antinociceptive activity in vivo.

    Materials and Methods: The antinociceptive profile was evaluated using acetic-acid-induced abdominal writhing, hot plate, and formalin-induced paw licking test. Capsaicin, phorbol 12-myristate 12 acetate (PMA), and glutamate-induced paw licking test were carried out to evaluate their potential effects toward different targets.

    Results: It was shown that the doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 mg/kg of DMPF-1 given via intraperitoneal injection showed significant reduction in writhing responses and increased the latency time in hot-plate test where reduced time spent on licking the injected paw in formalin and dose contingency inhibition was observed. The similar results were observed in capsaicin, PMA, and glutamate-induced paw licking test. In addition, the challenge with nonselective opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone) aimed to evaluate the involvement of the opioidergic system, which showed no reversion in analgesic profile in formalin and hot-plate test.

    Conclusion: Collectively, this study showed that DMPF-1 markedly inhibits both peripheral and central nociception through the mechanism involving an interaction with vanilloid and glutamatergic system regardless of the activation of the opioidergic system.

    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  7. Goh TC, Bajuri MY, Yusof MF, Mohd Apandi H, Sarifulnizam FA
    Cureus, 2021 Mar 03;13(3):e13664.
    PMID: 33824815 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13664
    We report the case of a 14-year-old girl who presented with a one-month history of back pain and bilateral lower limb weakness preceded by constitutional symptoms. She neither had a family history of malignancy nor a previous history of trauma. A series of imaging procedures revealed an aggressive lesion of the T12 vertebra with a large soft-tissue component and intraspinal extension leading to spinal cord compression causing cord edema. She underwent urgent posterior instrumentation and fixation of T9 to T12 vertebrae due to worsening neurological deficits. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy with palliative spinal stabilisation were also performed. Features of the lesion were highly consistent with ES on immunohistochemical study and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis for the EWSR1 gene. Postoperatively, both of her lower limbs improved in power and she benefited from regular physiotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Back Pain
  8. Ahmed N, Shihabudin M.T, Ab Rahman S
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Hamstring tendon (HT) and bone patellar tendon bone (BPTB) are the commonly used
    autograft in an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. The BPTB is said to have more incidence of
    anterior knee pain compared to HT. The study aimed to compare the severity of knee pain during Islamic
    prayer kneeling. Methods: A cross sectional cohort analysis of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction surgery
    using BPTB with HT autografts was conducted to determine differences in postoperative pain while kneeling
    and ability to pray in normal position. Kneeling during prayer and the ability to sit while performing prayer
    were assessed at 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th month. Results: There were no significant differences in mean pain score
    while kneeling at 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th month. The mean difference of patient’s ability to perform normal
    prayers for BPTB (3.56+1.16) and HT (3.30+1.05) was found insignificant. The average number of patients in
    both groups was able to pray between 3 to 4 months post operatively as full range of motion of knee is
    allowed within this period. Total 49 patients (BPTB 23, HT 26) out of 60 were able to pray normally within 4
    months post-operation. Mostly delayed due to anterior knee pain. Conclusion: There is no different in term of
    knee pain during kneeling while performing Islamic prayer between those who had their ACL reconstructed
    either using BPTB or HT autograft.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain, Postoperative
  9. Quan Fu Gan, Pooi Pooi Leong, Soon Keng Cheong, Chai Nien Foo
    MyJurnal
    Ankle sprain is one of the most common injuries associated with physical activities. Complications including pain and ankle instability are associated with decreased physical activity, reduced sport performance, and increased risk of recurrent ankle injury leading to detrimental effect on activities of daily living. Current management of ankle sprain can be conservative or surgical for serious cases. However, long healing period is required for conservative management in addition to its side effects and the risk of post-operative complications for surgical management. Due to the current challenges and setbacks faced by existing intervention, this paper aims to generate ideas in incorporat- ing regenerative medicine as an intervention for ankle sprain. This review will provide a brief review on the existing management for ankle sprain along with some history, application and the potential of regenerative medicine in speeding up the healing process of ankle sprains.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  10. Fatimah Ahmedy, Nurul Diyanah Zenian, Wan Juhaini Paizi, Teh Yong Guang, Khin Nyein Yin, D. Maryama Ag Daud, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction:Stroke is a major public health concern and treating its complications is important for functional recov-ery. Heterotopic ossification (HO), a condition where bone is developed in non-skeletal tissue, is not an uncommon stroke-related complication with reported occurrence up to 12%. It typically presents with joint range of motion (ROM) limitation, pain and swelling. Detecting HO is important to prevent forceful joint manipulation during reha-bilitation that can cause pain and fracture. Two cases of diagnosing HO during the course of stroke rehabilitation are presented. Case description: First case was a subacute stroke in 25 year-old male with right-sided hemiparesis and right hip joint ROM limitation. He did not consent to have passive ROM exercise and refused to be seated due to severe right hip pain. Second case was a 41 year-old male with chronic right-sided hemiparetic stroke exhibiting ipsilateral lower limb neurological recovery but inability to perform bed mobility and walking despite regaining motor function. The right hip joint ROM was limited in the absence of pain. Radiographs demonstrated presence of HO in the affected hip of both patients. Gentle hip ROM exercise was prescribed and noted improvement in ROM with subsequent ability for sitting (first case) and short-distance ambulation (second case). Conclusion: HO should be considered as a differential diagnosis in stroke patients having limited ROM, hence the importance of thorough physical examination. Presence of HO would guide rehabilitation process by encouraging gentle ROM exercise in the attempt to reduce public health burden from halted functional recovery in stroke.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  11. Johan S, Hassan MF, Hayati F, Azizan N, Payus AO, Edwin See UH
    Front Surg, 2020;7:585411.
    PMID: 33195391 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2020.585411
    Retroperitoneal cystic mass is a rare surgical condition that is often misdiagnosed preoperatively. Here, we report a case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with abdominal swelling for a 1-year duration, which was associated with lower abdominal pain for 6 months. Her abdominal radiograph showed a huge radiopaque lesion, and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen reported it as a left ovarian serous cystadenoma causing local mass effect to the left ureter leading to mild left hydronephrosis. She underwent exploratory laparotomy and noted there was a huge retroperitoneal cystic mass. The histopathological assessment finding was consistent with a benign retroperitoneal cyst. This case report aims to share the rare case of primary retroperitoneal lesions, which can cause a diagnostic challenge preoperatively to all clinicians despite advanced achievement in medical imaging.
    Matched MeSH terms: Abdominal Pain
  12. Singh D, Brown PN, Cinosi E, Corazza O, Henningfield JE, Garcia-Romeu A, et al.
    Front Psychiatry, 2020;11:574483.
    PMID: 33324252 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574483
    Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth., Rubiaceae) is native to and has traditional use in Southeast Asia. The number of kratom users outside of Southeast Asia has increased significantly in recent decades with use spreading to the Unites States (US) and Europe. Because of its reputed opioid-like psychoactive effects at higher doses, kratom has been regulated in several countries and is subject to an import ban by the US Food and Drug Administration. Nonetheless, in the US it is estimated that 10-15 million people consume kratom primarily for the self-treatment of pain, psychiatric disorders, to mitigate withdrawal from or dependence on opioids, and to self-treat opioid use disorder or other substance use disorders (SUDs). Due to the global COVID-19 pandemic, a shortage in the supply of kratom products may place unexpected burdens on kratom users, potentially influencing some who use kratom for SUD self-treatment to regress to harmful drug use, hence increasing the likelihood of adverse outcomes, including overdose. Inadequate treatment, treatment barriers, and increases in the sales of adulterated kratom products on the internet or in convenience stores could exacerbate circumstances further. Although there are currently no verified indications of kratom scarcity, researchers and clinicians should be aware of and remain vigilant to this unanticipated possibility.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  13. Muhamad Farhan Ab Razak, Titi Rahmawati Hamedon, Haidar Rizal Toha
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Low back pain (LBP) is a common symptom among working population worldwide. Foggers prone to have LBP because there are exposed to physical factors such as lifting heavy object, awkward body posture and vibration. However, LBP had never been studied among the fogger. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors associated with LBP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in all District Health Office in Johor, Malaysia by using a validated self-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measure-ments. Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test was used for inferential statistic and multiple logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors. The significance level was determined at p < 0.05. Results: The response rate was 83.9%. Majority of them are male (99.6%), Malay (95.8%), married (85.8%) and educated up to secondary school (53.5%). Majority of respondents do not have part time job (89.6%) but they work overtime everyday (62.7%). Most of them do four hours overtime daily (77.3%). The prevalence of LBP was 68.5% among respondents. There was a significant association between doing part time job, duration of doing overtime per week, body mass index (BMI) and duration of fogging activities. Finally, the associated factors of LBP were doing overtime for more than 20 hours per week (adjusted OR=1.914, 95% CI [1.102, 3.324], p = 0.021), BMI of more than 23.00 kg/m2 (adjusted OR=2.066, 95% CI [1.090, 3.916], p = 0.026) and having no part time job (adjusted OR=0.135, 95% CI [0.031, 0.599], p = 0.021). Conclusion: Prevention needs to be initiated to change the modifiable factors of LBP in order to reduce the prevalence of LBP among them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain
  14. Teoh LC, Chan SC
    Family Physician, 2003;12(1):24-28.
    The morbidity patterns of elderly patients presenting to a family physician clinic was studied by the attending physician completing a questionnaire on all elderly patients aged 60 and above attending the clinic between 1st January to 31st March 2000. 612 elderly patients registered during the study period. The most common presentations included upper respiratory tract infections (21.6%), hypertension and diabetes mellitus (18%), gastritis/dyspepsia (5.0%) and injuries (5.0%), Musculoskeletal complaints (backache, gout, osteoarthritis) and anxiety were also among the top 10 most common presenting complaints. Injuries were mainly soft tissue injuries and sprains sustained at home. Some were preventable.
    Matched MeSH terms: Back Pain
  15. Subramaniam K, Siew SF, Mahmood MS
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Apr;41(1):51-54.
    PMID: 31025638
    Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare event and commonly associated with pregnancy and female gender. This condition can reduce or completely obstruct the blood flow to the heart, causing a myocardial ischaemia, abnormalities in heart rhythm or sudden death. We present a case of a 28-year-old Indian male with no previous medical illness who complained sudden onset of chest pain prior to his death. Autopsy revealed a left anterior descending coronary artery dissection associated with plaque rupture. The anterior wall of left ventricle showed contraction band necrosis. There was also atheroma present in the right coronary artery which was insignificant. Histologically, dissection was associated with atherosclerosis. There was no evidence of vasculitis. The cause of death was given as coronary artery dissection due to coronary artery atherosclerosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Chest Pain
  16. Zamzuri Z., Ariff M.S., Mohd Fairuz Ad., Mohd Shukrimi A., Nazri My.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Burst fracture results from compression failure of both the anterior and middle columns under
    substantial axial loads. Conservative treatment was a method of treatment for fractures without
    neurological deficit. This cross sectional study was designed to evaluate the functional and radiological
    outcome of patient with thoracolumbar burst fracture treated conservatively. Methods: 40 cases were
    recruited from January 2013 till December 2015. They were followed-up with minimum period of 1 year and
    evaluated for the functional (Oswetry Disbility Index) and radiological outcomes (kyphotic angle deformity
    and anterior body compression). Results: 20 patients were treated with body cast made form plaster of
    Paris and remaining 20 patients with fiberglass cast. In plaster of Paris group, mean kyphotic angle
    deformity at last follow up was 16.60 ± 2.95 with a mean improvement 4.45 degree and anterior body
    compression at last follow up was 30.35% ± 10.2 with mean improvement of 9.30%. In fiberglass group, mean
    kyphotic angle deformity at last follow up was 15.55 ± 3.38 with a mean improvement 7.25 degree and
    anterior body compression at last follow up was 25.90% ± 7.81 with mean improvement of 3.45%. The
    functional outcome showed Oswetry Disability Index (ODI) score in plaster of Paris group was 23.70 (SD =
    7.82) and in fiberglass group was 18.50 (SD = 5.94). Conclusions: Application of body cast using a fiberglass
    material give better radiological outcome hence less pain, more functional and higher patient’s satisfaction
    as compared to plaster of Paris.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  17. Hayyun MF, Jamil K, Abd-Rashid AH, Ibrahim S
    Malays Orthop J, 2021 Mar;15(1):132-134.
    PMID: 33880161 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2103.021
    Femoral neck stress fractures are rare in children. To the best of our knowledge, the tension type stress fracture has been reported only twice in the English language literature. We report on a five years follow-up of a 10-year-old boy with this injury which was initially missed. The fracture healed after screw fixation. We highlight the importance of considering stress fracture as a differential diagnosis in a child with chronic hip pain. A careful physical examination and the appropriate imaging will avoid missing the diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  18. Langat AS, Wan Sulaiman WA, Mat Johar SFN
    Cureus, 2021 Mar 19;13(3):e13987.
    PMID: 33884238 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13987
    The heel of the foot is covered by highly specialized thick, glabrous skin containing fibroadipose tissue with numerous fibrous septae traversing the subcutaneous tissue, which acts as a shock-absorbent and prevents shearing of the skin. The loss of heel pad would cause interruption of the propelling function of the foot during walking. Therefore, heel pad reconstruction is an important procedure for wound closure in the acute phase and also functional reconstruction in delayed cases. We report a case of heel pad deformity in a patient who presented to us with left heel pain and inability to fully bear weight, which has caused her walking difficulty, following a road traffic accident. She sustained a degloving injury of the left foot and an open fracture of left calcaneum with ruptured Tendon Achilles in which the wound was initially addressed with failed reverse sural flap and the wound was allowed to heal by secondary intention. Delayed heel reconstruction was carried out with a propeller medial plantar flap and split skin graft. Postoperatively, the patient had improved functional and esthetic outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Pain
  19. Tan Jih Huei, Henry Tan Chor Lip, Chan Chee Kong, Ariz Chong B. Abdullah@Chong Chee Yong, Noor Azman Bin A. Rahman
    MyJurnal
    The incidence of neurenteric cyst (NC) is rare amongst spine tumors. It is most often asymptomatic but may present
    with sensory and motor symptoms. When associated with thoracic vertebra fusion it is not reported before, this complicates the placement of pedicle screw during posterior instrumentation. Herein, we report a case of thoracic spinal
    neurenteric cyst in a 40-year-old man that presents with chronic back pain, left lower limb weakness and numbness.
    Elective excision of NC over T6-T7 with laminectomy and multilevel posterior instrumentation was successfully
    performed with significant improvement of the symptoms. Neurenteric cyst is a rare spinal cord lesion which may
    cause permanent neurological sequalae. Complete surgical excision with spine fixation in this case provides good
    long-term outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Back Pain
  20. Dasgupta E, Yap JLL, Kunjunee KK, Choong XY, Soh WW, Sundaran M, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Mar 25;16(1):93-102.
    PMID: 33948147 DOI: 10.51866/oa1102
    Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in patients attending primary care clinics in a medium-sized town in Malaysia and examines the interventions given for the symptoms and the level of the associated disabilities.

    Method: This investigation comprises a cross-sectional descriptive study of all patients visiting two primary care clinics aged 18 years and above. Patients presenting with joint pain answered a questionnaire assessing demographic data, disabilities (measured by the Stanford HAQ-DI), and treatment options.

    Results: Of 1,074 patients surveyed, 202 (18.8%) had MSK complaints. The mean age of those with MSK pain was 56.1 years. Incidence increased with age, reaching 78.8% of those over 48 years of age. The knee was the most common site of MSK pain (52.2%), with 20.3% requiring referral for specialist assessment. The median HAQ score was 0.375 and 89.6% of those surveyed had mild disability.

    Conclusion: MSK pain is a common problem among patients visiting primary care clinics. The most common site of MSK pain was the knee. On formal assessment, the majority of these patients exhibited mild disability. A significant proportion of patients still required specialist referral. This finding would suggest a need for further training on the management of MSK disease at the primary care level to avoid over-burdening the secondary care services.

    Matched MeSH terms: Musculoskeletal Pain
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