Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 156 in total

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  1. Islam MA, Alam F, Kamal MA, Wong KK, Sasongko TH, Gan SH
    CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets, 2016;15(10):1253-1265.
    PMID: 27658514 DOI: 10.2174/1871527315666160920122750
    Neurological manifestations or disorders associated with the central nervous system are among the most common and important clinical characteristics of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Although in the most recently updated (2006) APS classification criteria, the neurological manifestations encompass only transient ischemic attack and stroke, diverse 'non-criteria' neurological disorders or manifestations (i.e., headache, migraine, bipolar disorder, transverse myelitis, dementia, chorea, epileptic seizures, multiple sclerosis, psychosis, cognitive impairment, Tourette's syndrome, parkinsonism, dystonia, transient global amnesia, obsessive compulsive disorder and leukoencephalopathy) have been observed in APS patients. To date, the underlying mechanisms responsible for these abnormal neurological manifestations in APS remain unclear. In vivo experiments and human observational studies indicate the involvement of thrombotic events and/or high titers of antiphospholipid antibodies in the neuro-pathogenic cascade of APS. Although different types of neurologic manifestations in APS patients have successfully been treated with therapies involving anti-thrombotic regimens (i.e., anticoagulants and/or platelet antiaggregants), antineuralgic drugs (i.e., antidepressants, antipsychotics and antiepileptics) and immunosuppressive drugs alone or in combination, evidence-based guidelines for the management of the neurologic manifestations of APS remain unavailable. Therefore, further experimental, clinical and retrospective studies with larger patient cohorts are warranted to elucidate the pathogenic linkage between APS and the central nervous system in addition to randomized controlled trials to facilitate the discovery of appropriate medications for the 'non-criteria' neurologic manifestations of APS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/etiology*; Nervous System Diseases/metabolism*
  2. Byrne E, Horowitz M, Dunn DE
    Med J Aust, 1980 May 31;1(11):547-8.
    PMID: 6248745
    While a prisoner-of-war in Malaya from 1942-1945, a 29-year-old man developed a painful sensorimotor neuropathy, bilateral central scotomata and sensorineural deafness. Examination 34 years later, after a long period of adequate nutrition, revealed considerable residual deficit. Nerve conduction studies suggested axonal degeneration with prominent collateral reinnervation. This case of Strachan's syndrome is reported to draw attention to the limited functional recovery and to focus attention on this condition at a time when famine conditions are rife in Southeast Asia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/complications; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*
  3. Ooi MH, Wong SC, Mohan A, Podin Y, Perera D, Clear D, et al.
    BMC Infect Dis, 2009 Jan 19;9:3.
    PMID: 19152683 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-3
    BACKGROUND: Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) can cause Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) with neurological complications, which may rapidly progress to fulminant cardiorespiratory failure, and death. Early recognition of children at risk is the key to reduce acute mortality and morbidity.

    METHODS: We examined data collected through a prospective clinical study of HFMD conducted between 2000 and 2006 that included 3 distinct outbreaks of HEV71 to identify risk factors associated with neurological involvement in children with HFMD.

    RESULTS: Total duration of fever >or= 3 days, peak temperature >or= 38.5 degrees C and history of lethargy were identified as independent risk factors for neurological involvement (evident by CSF pleocytosis) in the analysis of 725 children admitted during the first phase of the study. When they were validated in the second phase of the study, two or more (>or= 2) risk factors were present in 162 (65%) of 250 children with CSF pleocytosis compared with 56 (30%) of 186 children with no CSF pleocytosis (OR 4.27, 95% CI2.79-6.56, p < 0.0001). The usefulness of the three risk factors in identifying children with CSF pleocytosis on hospital admission during the second phase of the study was also tested. Peak temperature >or= 38.5 degrees C and history of lethargy had the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 28%(48/174), 89%(125/140), 76%(48/63) and 50%(125/251), respectively in predicting CSF pleocytosis in children that were seen within the first 2 days of febrile illness. For those presented on the 3rd or later day of febrile illness, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of >or= 2 risk factors predictive of CSF pleocytosis were 75%(57/76), 59%(27/46), 75%(57/76) and 59%(27/46), respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Three readily elicited clinical risk factors were identified to help detect children at risk of neurological involvement. These risk factors may serve as a guide to clinicians to decide the need for hospitalization and further investigation, including cerebrospinal fluid examination, and close monitoring for disease progression in children with HFMD.

    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/etiology*; Central Nervous System Diseases/virology
  4. Faridah Y, Abdullah BJ
    Hong Kong Med J, 2003 Apr;9(2):134-6.
    PMID: 12668827
    Magnetic resonance imaging is gaining importance in the diagnosis of nerve and muscular disorders. The ability of magnetic resonance imaging to delineate the different muscles and the nerve in any plane has made the differentiation between the changes of neuropathy, denervation, and nerve entrapment possible. Although findings on magnetic resonance imaging are non-specific, their use, coupled with clinical symptoms and electromyographic findings, allow an accurate diagnosis to be made without resorting to invasive biopsies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced*; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis*
  5. Selvaratnam G, Philips RH, Mohamed AK, Radzi A
    Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev, 1997 Aug;16(3):171-97.
    PMID: 9512763
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/prevention & control
  6. Tey S, Ahmad-Annuar A, Drew AP, Shahrizaila N, Nicholson GA, Kennerson ML
    Clin Genet, 2016 Aug;90(2):127-33.
    PMID: 26662454 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12712
    The cytoplasmic dynein-dynactin genes are attractive candidates for neurodegenerative disorders given their functional role in retrograde transport along neurons. The cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain (DYNC1H1) gene has been implicated in various neurodegenerative disorders, and dynactin 1 (DCTN1) genes have been implicated in a wide spectrum of disorders including motor neuron disease, Parkinson's disease, spinobulbar muscular atrophy and hereditary spastic paraplegia. However, the involvement of other dynactin genes with inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPN) namely, hereditary sensory neuropathy, hereditary motor neuropathy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is under reported. We screened eight genes; DCTN1-6 and ACTR1A and ACTR1B in 136 IPN patients using whole-exome sequencing and high-resolution melt (HRM) analysis. Eight non-synonymous variants (including one novel variant) and three synonymous variants were identified. Four variants have been reported previously in other studies, however segregation analysis within family members excluded them from causing IPN in these families. No variants of disease significance were identified in this study suggesting the dynactin genes are unlikely to be a common cause of IPNs. However, with the ease of querying gene variants from exome data, these genes remain worthwhile candidates to assess unsolved IPN families for variants that may affect the function of the proteins.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/genetics*; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/pathology
  7. Hande SH, Krishna SM, Sahote KK, Dev N, Erl TP, Ramakrishna K, et al.
    J Genet, 2021;100.
    PMID: 33764333
    The serotonin transporter 5-HTT is encoded by a single gene SLC6A4. Polymorphisms in SLC6A4 has been associated with a wide variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders including increased risk of posttraumatic stress disorder, higher likelihood for depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), increased hostility and criminal behaviour. Genes associated with complex diseases often exhibit strong signatures of purifying selection compared to others. Further, discernible population specific variation in the signature of natural selection have been observed for several complex disease-related genes. In this project we aimed to investigate the population genetic variation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), focussing on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To this end, we employed 2504 individuals around the globe available in 1000 Genome project Phase III data and classified them into five ethnic groups: Americans (AMR), Europeans (EUR), Africans (AFR), East Asians (EAS) and South Asians (SAS). Principal component analysis (PCA) performed on all annotated SNPs of SLC6A4 depicted clear clustering between Africans and the rest of the world along PC1, and East Asians and other non-African populations along PC2. Further, these SNPs were found to be under strong selection pressure especially among East Asian populations with significantly high positive cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity scores compared to Africans, indicating that SLC6A4 has likely undergone a strong selective sweep among the East Asians in the recent past. Our study can potentially explain the association between polymorphisms in SLC6A4, and major depression and suicidal tendencies among people of East Asian ancestry and the absence of such associations among people of European ancestry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/etiology; Nervous System Diseases/pathology*
  8. Sethi S, Chourasia D, Parhar IS
    J Biosci, 2015 Sep;40(3):607-27.
    PMID: 26333406
    An extensive guide on practicable and significant quantitative proteomic approaches in neuroscience research is important not only because of the existing overwhelming limitations but also for gaining valuable understanding into brain function and deciphering proteomics from the workbench to the bedside. Early methodologies to understand the functioning of biological systems are now improving with high-throughput technologies, which allow analysis of various samples concurrently, or of thousand of analytes in a particular sample. Quantitative proteomic approaches include both gel-based and non-gel-based methods that can be further divided into different labelling approaches. This review will emphasize the role of existing technologies, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their applications in neuroscience. This review will also discuss advanced approaches for targeted proteomics using isotope-coded affinity tag (ICAT) coupled with laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) analysis. This technology can further be extended to single cell proteomics in other areas of biological sciences and can be combined with other 'omics' approaches to reveal the mechanism of a cellular alterations. This approach may lead to further investigation in basic biology, disease analysis and surveillance, as well as drug discovery. Although numerous challenges still exist, we are confident that this approach will increase the understanding of pathological mechanisms involved in neuroendocrinology, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering protein biomarker signatures for brain dysfunction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis; Nervous System Diseases/pathology*
  9. Anwar A, Rajendran K, Siddiqui R, Raza Shah M, Khan NA
    ACS Chem Neurosci, 2019 01 16;10(1):658-666.
    PMID: 30346711 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00484
    Central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by free-living amoebae such as Acanthamoeba species and Naegleria fowleri are rare but fatal. A major challenge in the treatment against the infections caused by these amoebae is the discovery of novel compounds that can effectively cross the blood-brain barrier to penetrate the CNS. It is logical to test clinically approved drugs against CNS diseases for their potential antiamoebic effects since they are known for effective blood-brain barrier penetration and affect eukaryotic cell targets. The antiamoebic effects of clinically available drugs for seizures targeting gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) receptor and ion channels were tested against Acanthamoeba castellanii belonging to the T4 genotype and N. fowleri. Three such drugs, namely, diazepam (Valium), phenobarbitone (Luminal), phenytoin (Dilantin), and their silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were evaluated against both trophozoites and cysts stage. Drugs alone and drug conjugated silver nanoparticles were tested for amoebicidal, cysticidal, and host-cell cytotoxicity assays. Nanoparticles were synthesized by sodium borohydride reduction of silver nitrate with drugs as capping agents. Drug conjugated nanoconjugates were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro moebicidal assay showed potent amoebicidal effects for diazepam, phenobarbitone, and phenytoin-conjugated AgNPs as compared to drugs alone against A. castellanii and N. fowleri. Furthermore, both drugs and drug conjugated AgNPs showed compelling cysticidal effects. Drugs conjugations with silver nanoparticles enhanced their antiacanthamoebic activity. Interestingly, amoeba-mediated host-cell cytotoxicity was also significantly reduced by drugs alone as well as their nanoconjugates. Since, these drugs are being used to target CNS diseases, their evaluation against brain-eating amoebae seems feasible due to advantages such as permeability of the blood-brain barrier, established pharmacokinetics and dynamics, and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Given the limited availability of effective drugs against brain-eating amoebae, the clinically available drugs tested here present potential for further in vivo studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy*; Central Nervous System Diseases/parasitology
  10. Hasliza AH, Tohid H, Loh KY, Santhi P
    Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(2):49-51.
    PMID: 27099661 MyJurnal
    Dengue infection is highly endemic in many tropical countries including Malaysia. However, neurological complications arising from dengue infection is not common; Gullain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is one of these infrequent complications. In this paper, we have reported a case in which a 39-year-old woman presented with a neurological complication of dengue infection without typical symptoms and signs of dengue fever. She had a history of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) followed by an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) weeks prior to her presentation rendering GBS secondary to the post viral URTI and AGE as the most likely diagnosis. Presence of thrombocytopenia was the only clue for dengue in this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  11. Ooi MH, Wong SC, Podin Y, Akin W, del Sel S, Mohan A, et al.
    Clin Infect Dis, 2007 Mar 01;44(5):646-56.
    PMID: 17278054
    BACKGROUND: Human enterovirus (HEV)-71 causes large outbreaks of hand-foot-and-mouth disease with central nervous system (CNS) complications, but the role of HEV-71 genogroups or dual infection with other viruses in causing severe disease is unclear.

    METHODS: We prospectively studied children with suspected HEV-71 (i.e., hand-foot-and-mouth disease, CNS disease, or both) over 3.5 years, using detailed virological investigation and genogroup analysis of all isolates.

    RESULTS: Seven hundred seventy-three children were recruited, 277 of whom were infected with HEV-71, including 28 who were coinfected with other viruses. Risk factors for CNS disease in HEV-71 included young age, fever, vomiting, mouth ulcers, breathlessness, cold limbs, and poor urine output. Genogroup analysis for the HEV-71-infected patients revealed that 168 were infected with genogroup B4, 68 with C1, and 41 with a newly emerged genogroup, B5. Children with HEV-71 genogroup B4 were less likely to have CNS complications than those with other genogroups (26 [15%] of 168 vs. 30 [28%] of 109; odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.91; P=.0223) and less likely to be part of a family cluster (12 [7%] of 168 vs. 29 [27%] of 109; OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.10-0.46; P

    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/complications; Central Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology; Central Nervous System Diseases/virology
  12. Rashid M, Bari BS, Hasan MJ, Razman MAM, Musa RM, Ab Nasir AF, et al.
    PeerJ Comput Sci, 2021;7:e374.
    PMID: 33817022 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.374
    Brain-computer interface (BCI) is a viable alternative communication strategy for patients of neurological disorders as it facilitates the translation of human intent into device commands. The performance of BCIs primarily depends on the efficacy of the feature extraction and feature selection techniques, as well as the classification algorithms employed. More often than not, high dimensional feature set contains redundant features that may degrade a given classifier's performance. In the present investigation, an ensemble learning-based classification algorithm, namely random subspace k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) has been proposed to classify the motor imagery (MI) data. The common spatial pattern (CSP) has been applied to extract the features from the MI response, and the effectiveness of random forest (RF)-based feature selection algorithm has also been investigated. In order to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method, an experimental study has been implemented using four publicly available MI dataset (BCI Competition III dataset 1 (data-1), dataset IIIA (data-2), dataset IVA (data-3) and BCI Competition IV dataset II (data-4)). It was shown that the ensemble-based random subspace k-NN approach achieved the superior classification accuracy (CA) of 99.21%, 93.19%, 93.57% and 90.32% for data-1, data-2, data-3 and data-4, respectively against other models evaluated, namely linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine, random forest, Naïve Bayes and the conventional k-NN. In comparison with other classification approaches reported in the recent studies, the proposed method enhanced the accuracy by 2.09% for data-1, 1.29% for data-2, 4.95% for data-3 and 5.71% for data-4, respectively. Moreover, it is worth highlighting that the RF feature selection technique employed in the present study was able to significantly reduce the feature dimension without compromising the overall CA. The outcome from the present study implies that the proposed method may significantly enhance the accuracy of MI data classification.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  13. Fong CY, Aye AM, Peyman M, Nor NK, Visvaraja S, Tajunisah I, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2014 Apr;33(4):424-6.
    PMID: 24378951 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000137
    We report a case of neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 central nervous system disease with bilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN). An infant was presented at 17 days of age with focal seizures. Cerebrospinal fluid polymerase chain reaction was positive for HSV-1 and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed cerebritis. While receiving intravenous acyclovir therapy, the infant developed ARN with vitreous fluid polymerase chain reaction positive for HSV-1 necessitating intravitreal foscarnet therapy. This is the first reported neonatal ARN secondary to HSV-1 and the first ARN case presenting without external ocular or cutaneous signs. Our report highlights that infants with neonatal HSV central nervous system disease should undergo a thorough ophthalmological evaluation to facilitate prompt diagnosis and immediate treatment of this rapidly progressive sight-threatening disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy; Central Nervous System Diseases/pathology*; Central Nervous System Diseases/virology
  14. Bhat R, Rai RV, Karim AA
    Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2010 Jan;9(1):57-81.
    PMID: 33467806 DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2009.00094.x
      Disease outbreaks due to the consumption of contaminated food and feedstuff are a recurring problem worldwide. The major factor contributing to contamination are microorganisms, especially fungi, which produce low-molecular-weight compounds as secondary metabolites, with confirmed toxic properties referred to as mycotoxins. Several mycotoxins reported to date are cosmopolitan in distribution and incur severe health-associated risks (including cancer and neurological disorders). Hence, creating awareness among consumers, as well as developing new methods for detection and inactivation is of great importance for food safety. In this review, the focus is on the occurrence of various types of mycotoxins in food and feed associated with risks to humans and livestock, as well as legislation put forth by various authorities, and on presently practiced detoxification methods. Brief descriptions on recent developments in mycotoxin detection methodology are also inlcuded. This review is meant to be informative not only for health-conscious consumers but also for experts in the field to pave the way for future research to fill the existing gaps in our knowledge with regard to mycotoxins and food safety.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  15. Novick D, Montgomery WS, Aguado J, Peng X, Brugnoli R, Haro JM
    Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2015 Dec;7(4):427-35.
    PMID: 26047023 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12189
    This was an analysis of the impact of somatic symptoms on the severity and course of depression in Chinese patients treated for an acute episode of major depressive disorder (MDD).
    Matched MeSH terms: Autonomic Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology*; Central Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology*
  16. Azarisman, S.M.S., Shahrin, T.C.A., Marzuki, A.O., Fatnoon, N.N.A., Rathor, M.Y.
    MyJurnal
    Bilateral simultaneous facial nerve palsy is an extremely rare clinical entity and may occur in association with a variety of neurological, infectious, neoplastic or degenerative disorders. We describe a patient, who presented with facial diplegia and normal reflexes on examination. During the entire hospitalization, he developed no motor weakness and remained ambulatory. Whether treatment is warranted for this and other milder variants of Gullain-Barré syndrome is also discussed. Atypical presentations with preserved or brisk reflexes, can be a diagnostic dilemma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  17. Ruchi, K., Anil Kumar, S., Sunil, G., Bashir, A., Prabhat, S.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a frequently encountered clinical condition in children. Based on DSM IV-TR criteria it can be sub-classified into three distinct types namely hyperactiveimpulsive, inattentive and combined. Materials and Methods: In the present study, salivary antioxidant activity (AOA) in children with ADHD was compared with age-matched normal control subjects, both as a whole and also with regard to the three subtypes. Additionally, the effect of therapy on the altered AOA levels was investigated following short term (
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  18. Zamzil Amin, A., Baharudin, A., Shahid, H., Din Suhaimi, S., Nor Affendie, M.J.
    MyJurnal
    A tick in the ear is a very painful condition and removal is difficult because it grips firmly to the external auditory canal or tympanic membrane. Facial paralysis is a rarely reported localised neurological complication of an intra-aural tick infestation. The pathophysiology of localised paralysis is discussed, together with the safe way of handling patients with an intra-aural tick infestation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  19. Koh, O.H., Azreen Hashim, N., Gill, J.S., Pillai, S.K.
    MyJurnal
    It has been long known that affective disorders as a result of organic brain diseases are not uncommon. Neurological disorders seem to be significant as risk factors for newly diagnosed mania in the elderly. It has been theorized that lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere and limbic structures may produce symptoms suggestive of mania. Even though specific areas of involvement had not been determined, this case discussed below clearly reports a right sided lesion. One of the reasons why not much is known yet about this clinical entity is the rarity of this occurrence. In fact, in one large scale study, only 2 patients out of 700 were identified with mania.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nervous System Diseases
  20. Ghazali, N., Ismail, S.M., Abdul Rahman, Z.A.
    Ann Dent, 2001;8(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Mental nerve neuropathy is an important presenting complaint that may be encountered by dental surgeons in their daily practise. There are various pathological processes that could bring about this symptom, ranging. from simple dental cause to vague, life threatening diseases. We present three cases of mental paraesthesia of different aetiologies. A literature review on mental nerve neuropathy related to malignancies and infection is discussed. The importance of a thorough chair side history taking, clinical examination and relevant investigations are emphasised in a suggested clinical approach to obtaining the diagnosis of a numb chin.
    Matched MeSH terms: Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
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