Displaying publications 61 - 80 of 205 in total

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  1. Experience of the first survey of the pilot project of Asian Quality Assurance Survey program
    Lee KN, Yoon SY, Cho HI
    Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2002;33 Suppl 2:30-43.
    PMID: 12755265
    The Asian Network for Clinical Laboratory Standardization (ANCLS) decided to start her First Inter-laboratory Quality Assurance survey at the business meeting during the Second Asian Colloquium on October 21-22, 2000 in Kobe, Japan. The first survey materials of Asian Quality Assurance Survey (AQuAS) were distributed in July 2001 to 21 hospitals in the field of chemistry and 22 hospitals in the field of hematology among total 24 participating laboratories from seven Asian countries: Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. The survey methods in chemistry and in hematology were somewhat different. In chemistry the survey material was considered as unknown but handled similarly to the sample from the patient. Nineteen routine tests were performed only once. The hematology samples were considered as unknown but handled similarly to control or calibration material. Five parameters were tested five times repetitively and their average for each parameter was calculated. All the results were supposed to be sent back to the office within two weeks. Although it took more than two weeks, the return rate was 100%. The analysis was performed in several ways such as all the results together, by instruments and by methods. Mean, standard deviation (SD), standard deviation index (SDI), coefficient of variation (CV) and variance index score (VIS) were to be calculated in chemistry, and in hematology the same parameter were to be calculated except CV and VIS. In the first survey, the CV in chemistry was not calculated and the analysis by instrument or by methodology was also not attempted since there were not enough participating hospitals to do such analysis. In hematology the analysis was done by instrument only. The survey process was carried out successfully though there were some difficulties in communication tools, transportation methods and handling of specimens due to different weather conditions, and returning the report in the correct unit and to the correct place. The submitted data were acceptable for analysis. There were some differences in the units of measurement in different countries or laboratories. It was necessary to convert some of the units. Some laboratories apparently do not perform certain tests such as calcium, potasium and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT). The gamma-GT is the most frequently not performed test. With the experience of this first survey, all the members involved in the survey have been trained well to do future surveys.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories/standards*
  2. Fulltext Clinical and epidemiological features of the 2014 large-scale dengue outbreak in Guangzhou city, China
    Lin YP, Luo Y, Chen Y, Lamers MM, Zhou Q, Yang XH, et al.
    BMC Infect Dis, 2016;16:102.
    PMID: 26932451 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1379-4
    Dengue virus is transmitted by mosquito around the tropical and sub-tropical regions. There was a large-scale dengue epidemic in Guangdong province, China during 2014 and around fifty thousands dengue fever cases, including six deaths, have been reported. In this study, we aimed to understand the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue virus (DENV) infection and determined the origin of the virus from the outbreak.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  3. Fulltext Eye tracker as an implied social presence: awareness of being eye-tracked induces social-norm-based looking behaviour
    Wong HK, Stephen ID
    J Eye Mov Res, 2019 Aug 05;12(2).
    PMID: 33828723 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.12.2.5
    Human behaviour is not only influenced by the physical presence of others, but also implied social presence. This study examines the impact of awareness of being eye-tracked on eye movement behaviour in a laboratory setting. During a classic yes/no face recognition task, participants were made to believe that their eye movements were recorded (or not recorded) by eye trackers. Their looking patterns with and without the awareness of being eye-tracked were compared while perceiving social (faces, faces-and-bodies) and non-social (inanimate objects) video stimuli. Area-of-interest (AOI) analysis revealed that misinformed participants (who were not aware that their eye movements were being recorded) looked more at the body (chest and waist) compared to informed participants (who believed they were being eye-tracked), whereas informed participants fixated longer on the mouth and shorter on the eyes of female models than misinformed participants did. These findings highlight the potential impact of an awareness of being eye tracked on one's eye movement pattern when perceiving a social stimulus. We conclude that even within laboratory settings an eye tracker may function as an implied social presence that leads individuals to modify their eye movement behaviour according to socially-derived inhibitory norms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  4. Fulltext Analysis of tuberculosis program management in primary health care
    Juliasih NN, Soedarsono, Sari RM
    Infect Dis Rep, 2020 07 07;12(Suppl 1):8728.
    PMID: 32874460 DOI: 10.4081/idr.2020.8728
    Background: This study discusses the analysis of Tuberculosis (TB) program management at the Perak Timur Primary Health Care (PHC) and the Sawahan PHC in Surabaya. Early detection and adequate treatment can prevent transmission and improve control programs.

    Objective: This study aims to analyze management of the tuberculosis program at PHCs in Surabaya.

    Methods: The research method used is qualitative research. Data collection was done by interviewing tuberculosis officers about TB program and carrying out observations at the PHCs.

    Results: The study showed that case finding in the Perak Timur PHC and the Sawahan PHC was passive-active. The Perak Timur PHC has facilities for rapid molecular testing, while the Sawahan PHC have to go to a center for Health Laboratory if rapid molecular testing is needed. In terms of treatment, patients at the Perak Timur PHC would come according to an agreement with TB officer, while at the Sawahan PHC, patients have to come every Monday. Officer at the Perak Timur PHC tended to accommodate the needs of TB patients compared to officer at the Sawahan PHC. The level of adherence to taking medication in two PHCs is good but there are a number of patients who have not really understood the frequency of taking medication.

    Conclusion: Generally, both PHCs have good TB program management but the Perak Timur PHC tends to be more flexible towards patients while the Sawahan PHC tends to be stricter towards patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  5. Fulltext Low pH Water Impairs the Tactile Sense of the Postlarvae of the Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii
    Kawamura G, Bagarinao T, Yong ASK, Noor SN, Lim LS
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2018 Mar;29(1):103-112.
    PMID: 29644018 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2018.29.1.7
    The effect of low pH on the tactile sense of Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae was determined in the laboratory by means of two behavioural assays: shelter (netting) occupancy and jumping response to touch stimuli (taps) by a glass micropipette. The postlarvae were acclimated to pH 4, pH 5, pH 6 and pH 7.5 (control) in 45 L aquaria 5-7 d before the experiments. Shelter occupancy decreased with pH and was significantly lower at pH 4 and pH 5 than at pH 6 and in the control. The jumping response instantly followed a tap 93-98% of the time in the control, pH 6 and pH 5 treatments. However, the postlarvae showed significantly lower jumping response (65%) at pH 4, indicating an impaired tactile sense. Low pH 4-5 probably degrades the chitin of the sensory setae and inhibits the surface mechanoreceptors of the prawn postlarvae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  6. Fulltext Perlaksanaan sistem pengurusan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di makmal perubatan: faktor dorongan dan halangan utama
    Anuar, I., Zahedi, F., Kadir, A., Mokhtar, A.B.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2010;16(1):10-20.
    MyJurnal
    Background : The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) requires a level of measurement. The effectiveness of OSHMS implementation was influenced by inhibiting and supporting factors. The objective of this study was to determine the inhibiting and supporting factors towards the implementation of OSHMS in medical laboratories.
    Methodology : The implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management System (OSHMS) requires a level of measurement. The effectiveness of OSHMS implementation was influenced by inhibiting and supporting factors. The objective of this study was to determine the inhibiting and supporting factors towards the implementation of OSHMS in medical laboratories.
    Result : This study showed the level of compliance to the OSHMS MS1722 guideline among medical laboratories who are MS ISO 15189 accredited & have a higher scores in overall measurement indicators OSHMS compared to those do not have SAMM accreditation. Private medical laboratories services have higher scores in overall measurement indicators OSHMS, compared to government medical laboratories. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between medical laboratories which have ISO 9000 quality management system certification, compared to level of compliance to the OSHMS MS 1722 guideline among medical laboratories. There was also no significant difference (p>0.05) between the laboratories who had been operating for more than 10 years compared to those with less than 10 years, towards implementing the OSHMS. Results showed that majority of medical laboratories management perceived that difficulty and complexities of OSH legislation are the most important factor that prevent them from implementing OSHMS in their organization. The most important supporting factor, that medical laboratories management perceived as the most important to comply to the OSHMS were their moral responsibilities towards the community.
    Conclusion : In conclusion, the study shows there were many inhibiting and supporting factors that contribute towards effective implementation of OSHMS elements in workplace.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  7. Fulltext Micro-bubble emission boiling with the cavitation bubble blow pit
    Inada S, Shinagawa K, Illias SB, Sumiya H, Jalaludin HA
    Sci Rep, 2016 09 15;6:33454.
    PMID: 27628271 DOI: 10.1038/srep33454
    The miniaturization boiling (micro-bubble emission boiling [MEB]) phenomenon, with a high heat removal capacity that contributes considerably to the cooling of the divertor of the nuclear fusion reactor, was discovered in the early 1980s. Extensive research on MEB has been performed since its discovery. However, the progress of the application has been delayed because the generation mechanism of MEB remains unclear. Reasons for this lack of clarity include the complexity of the phenomenon itself and the high-speed phase change phenomenon in which boiling and condensation are rapidly generated. In addition, a more advanced thermal technique is required to realize the MEB phenomenon at the laboratory scale. To the authors' knowledge, few studies have discussed the rush mechanism of subcooled liquid to the heating surface, which is critical to elucidating the mechanism behind MEB. This study used photographic images to verify that the cavitation phenomenon spreads to the inside of the superheated liquid on the heating surface and thus clarify the mechanism of MEB.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  8. Fulltext Laboratory scale electron beam system for treatment of flue gases from diesel combustion
    Siti A'iasah Hashim, Khairul Zaman Mohd Dahlan, Khomsaton Abu Bakar, Ayub Muhamad
    Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2004;2004(2):29-37.
    MyJurnal
    A laboratory scale test rig to treat simulated flue gas using electron beam technology was installed at the Alurtron EB-Irradiation Center, MINT. The experiment test rig was proposed as a result of feasibility studies conducted jointly by IAEA, MINT and TNB Research in 1997. The test rig system consists of several components, among others, diesel generator sets, pipe ducts, spray cooler, ammonia dosage system, irradiation vessel, bag filter and gas analyzers. The installation was completed and commissioned in October 2001. Results from the commissioning test runs and subsequent experimental work showed that the efficiency of flue gas treatment is high. It was proven that electron beam technology might be applied in the treatment of air pollutants. This paper describes the design and work function of the individual major components as well as the full system function. Results from the initial experimental works are also presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  9. Fulltext Correlation of electrical resistivity with some soil parameters for the development of possible prediction of slope stability and bearing capacity of soil using electrical parameters
    Syed Baharom Syed Osman, Mohammad Nabil Fikri, Fahad Irfan Siddique
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2014;22(1):139-152.
    MyJurnal
    The long term objective of this research is to look into the possibility of replacing soil strength parameters such as cohesion and angle of friction with electrical resistivity value for the purpose of computing among others, factor of safety in slopes or bearing capacity of soil. This paper however is limited to the investigation of correlation between electrical resistivity with some selected soil parameters. Electrical resistivity tests, using a basic multi meter, steel moulds and other related equipment, were conducted in the laboratory on soil samples with variations in soil type, compaction energy and moisture content. The samples consisted of predominantly clay, silt and sandy size particles and were compacted in a 100 x 100 mm square mould, while the corresponding electrical resistivity tests were carried out using the disc electrode method in accordance to BS 1377. The values of the electrical parameters such as voltage, current and resistance, with the corresponding value of soil parameters such as cohesion, angle of friction and moisture content, were measured and recorded. The results of the tests produced some initial crude relationships between electrical resistivity and the selected soil parameters. The strongest correlation between electrical resistivity and angle of internal friction, φ, was obtained from the clay size samples with R2 of 0.824, while the maximum correlation between electrical resistivity and moisture content again was obtained through the clay samples with R2 of 0.818. From the other results and graphs analyzed, some consistencies and specific trends of behaviour observed gave some early indications that a more detail and precise correlation between electrical resistivity and soil strength parameters could be very well possible in future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  10. Fulltext Fuzzy-controlled humidity variation by Silica gel and Nitrogen gas in an atmospheric chamber
    Ali Ghahraei, Nurul Amziah Md Yunus, Izhal Abdul Halin, Nasri Sulaiman
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(102):133-142.
    MyJurnal
    Controlled humidity environment is of significance in many scientific researches and experiments. In most laboratory-scale atmospheric chambers, an electrical temperature-based control system is used to adjust humidity. Since these chambers are not affordable in every laboratory, other low cost chambers using nitrogen gas or silica gel are used to adjust humidity. In this paper, a mechanism was developed to control the relative humidity in closed lab-scale chambers. Humidification is done by spraying water through a blower fan while de-humidification is by pumping air through silica gel as well as nitrogen gas injection. A Mamdani type fuzzy controller was designed to control the components and relative humidity. The results show the proposed system and controller can adjust and maintain relative humidity from 41% to 100% with maximum overshoot of 1% and the maximum range of error of steady state of 1.2 %.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  11. Discharge based processing systems for nitric oxide remediation
    Hashim S, Wong C, Abas M, Dahlan K
    Sains Malaysiana, 2010;39.
    An electron beam (EB) flue gas test rig and a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor were tested for the removal of nitric oxide (NO) from gas stream in separate experiments. In both systems, energised electrons were used to produce radicals that reacted with the pollutants. The EB system was a laboratory scale test rig used to treat emission from a diesel run generator. At 1.0 MeV and 10 mA more than 90% NO removal from flue gases flowing at 120 Nm3/h can be achieved. For higher removal percentage, higher beam current was required. In a related effort, a table top, two tubes DBD reactor was used to process bottled gases containing 106 ppm NO. Total removal (>99%) was achieved when the inlet gas contained only NO and N2. Additional SO2 in the in let gas stream lowered the removal rate but was overcame by scaling up the system to 10 DBD tubes. The system was operated with input AC voltage of 35 kV peak to peak. In the EB treatment system, the amount of NO2 increased at high beam current, showing that the NO was also oxidised in the process. Whereas in the DBD reactor, the amount of NO2 remained insignificant throughout the process. This leads to the conclusion that the DBD reactor is capable of producing total removal of NO. This is highly desirable as post treatment will not be necessary.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  12. Allelopathic effect of Euphorbia guyoniana aqueous extract and their potential uses as natural herbicides
    Nasrine S, El-Darier S, El-Taher H
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1501-1504.
    The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential allelopathic effects of Euphorbia guyoniana (donor species) aqueous extract on germination efficiency of two weeds (Bromus tectorum and Melilotus indica) and one crop species (Triticum aestivum) under laboratory conditions. The germination efficiency, plumule and radicle length of Bromus was completely inhibited at the highest concentration of aqueous extracts of the donor species level (10%). The two recipient species exerted weak measures as affected by the highest concentration level of the donor. This inhibition was markedly obvious in B. tectorum than in M. indica indicating that B. tectorum is more sensitive to the tested donor, while the M. indica is more adapted to the aqueous extract than the B. tectorum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  13. An overview of the present stability and performance of eor-foam
    Mohammed Falalu Hamza, Chandra MS, Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican, Hassan Soleimani, D. SK
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:1641-1450.
    Foam flooding technique, commonly known as foam assisted water alternating gas method (FAWAG) has been identified as an effective chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) technique. The ability of EOR-foam to sweep oil in low permeable zones makes it important displacement fluid in the oil industry. However, extreme reservoir conditions such as temperature, pressure and salinity have detrimental effects on the stability and the overall performance of the EOR-foam. Consequently, understanding foam stability and performance under different conditions is crucial for long term oil field application. This paper discusses the current status of the EOR-foam stability, performance and challenges from laboratory studies to field application perspective. The paper also highlights the knowledge gaps which require further research for successful field application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  14. Fulltext Novel impedance measurement technique for soluble solid content determination of banana
    Ibrahim, N.U.A., Abd Aziz, S., Nawi, N.M.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(2):519-526.
    MyJurnal
    Soluble solid content (SSC) is one of the important traits that indicate the ripeness of banana fruits.
    Determination of SSC for banana often requires destructive laboratory analysis on the fruit. An impedance measurement technique was investigated as a non-destructive approach for SSC determination of bananas. A pair of electrocardiogram (ECG) electrode connected to an impedance analyser board was used to measure the impedance value of bananas over the frequency of 19.5 to 20.5 KHz. The SSC measurement was conducted using a pocket refractometer and data was analysed to correlate SSC with impedance values. It was found that the mean of impedance, Z decreased from 10.01 to 99.93 KΩ at the frequency of 20 KHz, while the mean value of SSC increased from 0.58 to 4.93 % Brix from day 1 to day 8. The best correlation between impedance and SSC was found at 20 KHz, with the coefficient of determination, R2 of 0.87. This result indicates the potential of impedance measurement in predicting SSC of banana fruits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  15. Fulltext Report on the seventh meeting of national control laboratories for vaccines and biologicals of the WHO Western Pacific and South-East Asia member states
    Shim SB, Choi CW, Shin JH, Kim JW, Schepelmann S, Jung JH, et al.
    Biologicals, 2023 Nov;84:101712.
    PMID: 37797484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2023.101712
    The Biregional Network of National Control Laboratories (NCLs) of the WHO Western Pacific and South-East Asia Regions has been meeting annually since 2018 to enhance NCLs' voluntary participation capacity. Its seventh meeting was hosted by the Korea National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation (NIFDS) of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS), in conjunction with the Global Bio Conference, in Seoul on September 6, 2022. Over 60 participants from seven countries, (India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam) attended the meeting on-site and online. The theme of this meeting was 'Quality Control Issues and International Trends for Biologicals including Vaccines and Plasma-Derived Medicinal Products.' Three special speeches were presented on sharing the quality control system for biologicals, including NCLs' considerations in preparing the WHO Listed Authorities and sharing MFDS experiences. Furthermore, the participating NCLs shared country-specific issues related to national lot releases during the COVID-19 pandemic and acknowledged the meeting's crucial role in response preparedness for pandemic emergencies and enhancing regulatory capacity through coalitions and information exchange among NCLs. The NIFDS will cooperate closely with other Asian NCLs to enhance biological product quality control, aiming to establish regional standards and standardize test methods through collaboration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  16. Fulltext Cyphellophora sp. Isolated from a Corneal Ulcer in the Human Eye
    Rajandran S, Razali KM, Mustapha M, Palaniappan PA, Amran F
    Case Rep Ophthalmol Med, 2020;2020:5861258.
    PMID: 32774963 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5861258
    Cyphellophora is a black yeast-like fungus with most of the strains being isolated from soil and plants. It tends to cause sooty blotch and flyspeck disease in plants. In humans, it is known to cause superficial skin and nail infections. This report highlights the case of a patient who initially presented with a small corneal abrasion which rapidly progressed into a corneal ulcer after the patient did not respond to the initial conventional treatment. The laboratory results from the corneal scraping found it to be Cyphellophora sp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  17. The development of tone discrimination in infancy: Evidence from a cross-linguistic, multi-lab report
    Kalashnikova M, Singh L, Tsui A, Altuntas E, Burnham D, Cannistraci R, et al.
    Dev Sci, 2024 May;27(3):e13459.
    PMID: 37987377 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13459
    We report the findings of a multi-language and multi-lab investigation of young infants' ability to discriminate lexical tones as a function of their native language, age and language experience, as well as of tone properties. Given the high prevalence of lexical tones across human languages, understanding lexical tone acquisition is fundamental for comprehensive theories of language learning. While there are some similarities between the developmental course of lexical tone perception and that of vowels and consonants, findings for lexical tones tend to vary greatly across different laboratories. To reconcile these differences and to assess the developmental trajectory of native and non-native perception of tone contrasts, this study employed a single experimental paradigm with the same two pairs of Cantonese tone contrasts (perceptually similar vs. distinct) across 13 laboratories in Asia-Pacific, Europe and North-America testing 5-, 10- and 17-month-old monolingual (tone, pitch-accent, non-tone) and bilingual (tone/non-tone, non-tone/non-tone) infants. Across the age range and language backgrounds, infants who were not exposed to Cantonese showed robust discrimination of the two non-native lexical tone contrasts. Contrary to this overall finding, the statistical model assessing native discrimination by Cantonese-learning infants failed to yield significant effects. These findings indicate that lexical tone sensitivity is maintained from 5 to 17 months in infants acquiring tone and non-tone languages, challenging the generalisability of the existing theoretical accounts of perceptual narrowing in the first months of life. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This is a multi-language and multi-lab investigation of young infants' ability to discriminate lexical tones. This study included data from 13 laboratories testing 5-, 10-, and 17-month-old monolingual (tone, pitch-accent, non-tone) and bilingual (tone/non-tone, non-tone/non-tone) infants. Overall, infants discriminated a perceptually similar and a distinct non-native tone contrast, although there was no evidence of a native tone-language advantage in discrimination. These results demonstrate maintenance of tone discrimination throughout development.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories
  18. Fulltext The Pathology Laboratory Act 2007 explained
    Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 2008 Jun;30(1):1-10.
    PMID: 19108405 MyJurnal
    The past century has seen tremendous changes in the scope and practice of pathology laboratories in tandem with the development of the medical services in Malaysia. Major progress was made in the areas of training and specialization of pathologists and laboratory technical staff. Today the pathology laboratory services have entered the International arena, and are propelled along the wave of globalization. Many new challenges have emerged as have new players in the field. Landmark developments over the past decade include the establishment of national quality assurance programmes, the mushrooming of private pathology laboratories, the establishment of a National Accreditation Standard for medical testing laboratories based on ISO 15189, and the passing of the Pathology Laboratory Act in Parliament in mid-2007. The Pathology Laboratory Act 2007 seeks to ensure that the pathology laboratory is accountable to the public, meets required standards of practice, participates in Quality Assurance programmes, is run by qualified staff, complies with safety requirements and is subject to continuous audit. The Act is applicable to all private laboratories (stand alone or hospital) and laboratories in statutory bodies (Universities, foundations). It is not applicable to public laboratories (established and operated by the government) and side-room laboratories established in clinics of registered medical or dental practitioners for their own patients (tests as in the First and Second Schedules respectively). Tests of the Third Schedule (home test blood glucose, urine glucose, urine pregnancy test) are also exempted. The Act has 13 Parts and provides for control of the pathology laboratory through approval (to establish and maintain) and licensing (to operate or provide). The approval or license may only be issued to a sole proprietor, partnership or body corporate, and then only if the entity includes a registered medical practitioner. Details of personnel qualifications and laboratory practices are left to be specified by the Director-General of Health, providing for a formal recognition process and room for revision as pathology practices evolve. Encompassed in the responsibilities of the licensee is the requirement that samples are received and results issued through, and management vested in, a registered medical or dental practitioner. This effectively prohibits "walk-ins" to the laboratory and indiscriminate public screening. The requirement for a person-in-charge in accordance with class and speciality of laboratory ensures that the laboratory is under the charge of the pathology profession. Examined carefully, the requirements of the Act are similar to laboratory accreditation, but are backed by legislation. Many of these details will be spelt out in the Regulations, and these in turn are likely to fall back on National professional guidelines, as accreditation does. Although not at first obvious, enforcement of the Act is based on self-regulation by pathology laboratory professionals. Sincere professional input is thus required to embrace its philosophy, ensure rational and transparent enforcement of legislation, and develop National guidelines for good pathology practices upon which enforcement may be based.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories/legislation & jurisprudence*; Laboratories/standards*
  19. The business man and the laboratory: standards guarantee profits
    Hamer JW
    Malays J Pathol, 1997 Dec;19(2):99-103.
    PMID: 10879248
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories, Hospital/economics*; Laboratories, Hospital/standards*
  20. Commercialization of health services: implications for the laboratories
    Riley PA
    Malays J Pathol, 1996 Jun;18(1):21-5.
    PMID: 10879220
    The commercialization of health services has wide ranging implications for all medical specialties as well as for patients. Factors that must be considered include not only the financial implications, but also questions of quality and academic interests such as teaching and training. Laboratories must provide a service that the purchaser wishes to buy and must be successful in overcoming competition from the private sector. Each component part of the overall service must be analyzed in order that the laboratory is efficiently structured to provide an optimum service. A good understanding of management issues and a flexible approach are paramount in the provision of efficient, cost-effective and quality service for the ultimate benefit of the patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Laboratories, Hospital/economics*; Laboratories, Hospital/organization & administration
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