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  1. Fulltext A Cross Sectional Study On The Quality Of Life After Ablative Surgery Of Head And Neck Cancer In a Caucasian Population
    Dong, K.Y., Chan, M.S., Ong, S.T.
    Ann Dent, 2002;9(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Twenty-one patients who underwent ablative surgery for head and neck cancer at Bristol Dental Hospital and School, England between the years 1996 and 2002 were enrolled in the study. A self-completed questionnaire based on Head and Neck Specific measures was addressed to the patients. The overall post-operative quality of life among these patients is acceptable. About half of the patients complained of moderate to severe difficulty in opening mouth wide (55%) and dry mouth (45%) and about one-third had major problems in swallowing solid food (36%), sleep disturbance (32%), trouble eating and enjoying meals (32%) and speech problems (32%). The study shows a tendency for the quality of life to improve steadily with increasing post-operative interval. It is hoped that the results will provide an insight into the patients' functional and psychological recovery, which will in turn help to facilitate the planning of appropriate strategies to improve their quality of life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  2. Fulltext Pilomatrixoma: a diagnostic pitfall on fine-needle aspiration cytology of benign ‘Neck Metastases’
    Asha’ari ZA, Shiyuti MI, Abdullah K, Selimin A, Sathananthar KS
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2014;13(2):63-66.
    MyJurnal
    Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumour that originates from the matrix of the hair root. This rare tumour is usually managed by the dermatologists. The commonest location of this tumour is in the head and neck region; hence, it can be encountered by any doctors with interest in this area. When presented in the neck, this hard tumour may pose a diagnostic challenge. A case report of pilomatrixoma misdiagnosed as a metastatic neck disease from fine-needle aspiration cytology is presented. The mistake in the diagnosis has led to a more aggressive and high morbidity surgery than necessary. It is important that head and neck doctors be aware of this condition and includes it in the differential diagnosis of hard masses presenting in the neck.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  3. Argyrophilic nuclear organizer region and p73 expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Teammates or adversaries?
    Venkateswaran SP, Nathan LE, Mutalik VS, Shamsuddin NH
    J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 2016 Sep-Dec;20(3):427-435.
    PMID: 27721608
    Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) consists of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising in the upper aerodigestive tract and accounts for 5% of cancers worldwide. In Malaysia, cancers of the nasopharynx, larynx, tongue and oral cavity are among the top twenty most common cancers in men. Argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNORs) are increased from normal mucosa to premalignant lesions to malignant lesions and have been associated with tumor grade and prognosis of patients. Although p73 is not mutated in human cancers, high levels of p73 expression have been associated with tumor differentiation status and patient prognosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  4. Changes in health-related quality of life of oral cancer patients treated with curative intent: experience of a developing country
    Doss JG, Ghani WMN, Razak IA, Yang YH, Rogers SN, Zain RB
    Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2017 Jun;46(6):687-698.
    PMID: 28318871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.1269
    This study aimed to assess changes in oral cancer patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the impact of disease stage on HRQOL scores. HRQOL data were collected from seven hospital-based centres using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Head and Neck (FACT-H&N) version 4.0 instrument. The independent samples t-test, χ(2) test, and paired samples t-test were used to analyse the data. A total of 300 patients were recruited. The most common oral cancer sub-site was tongue and floor of mouth (42.6%). Surgical intervention (41.1%) was the most common treatment modality. Significant differences in ethnicity and treatment modality were observed between early and late stage patients. Pre-treatment HRQOL scores were significantly lower for late than early stage patients. At 1 month post-treatment, the functional and head and neck domains and the FACT-H&N (TOI) summary scores showed significant deterioration in both early and late stage patients. In contrast, the emotional domain showed a significant improvement for early and late stage patients at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. Although HRQOL deterioration was still observed among early and late stage patients at 6 months post-treatment, this was not statistically significant. In conclusion, advanced disease is associated with poorer HRQOL. Although ethnic differences were observed across different disease stages, the influence of ethnicity on patient HRQOL was not evident in this study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  5. Fulltext Second branchial arch fistula masqueraded as recurrent parotid abscess: a case report
    Nurul Hana Mokhtar, Khairuddin Abdullah, Fairuz Mohd Ibrahim, Irfan Mohamad
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(1):50-53.
    MyJurnal
    Branchial apparatus anomalies usually manifest in teenage or early adult life. Infection complicates
    second branchial pouch anomalies usually presented as a neck lump or discharging sinus. It is the most common
    form of anomalies compared to another branchial pouch aberrant. However, it is extremely rare to find a
    complete branchial fistula with both internal and external openings. Misdiagnosis usually occurs leading to
    inappropriate and suboptimal treatment. Here, we report of a case of complete second branchial pouch fistula
    and discuss the clinical presentation and surgical management of such lesion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  6. Fulltext Predictors of osteoradionecrosis following irradiated tooth extraction
    Khoo SC, Nabil S, Fauzi AA, Yunus SSM, Ngeow WC, Ramli R
    Radiat Oncol, 2021 Jul 14;16(1):130.
    PMID: 34261515 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01851-0
    BACKGROUND: Tooth extraction post radiotherapy is one of the most important risk factors of osteoradionecrosis of the jawbones. The objective of this study was to determine the predictors of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) which were associated with a dental extraction post radiotherapy.

    METHODS: A retrospective analysis of medical records and dental panoramic tomogram (DPT) of patients with a history of head and neck radiotherapy who underwent dental extraction between August 2005 to October 2019 was conducted.

    RESULTS: Seventy-three patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 16 (21.9%) had ORN post dental extraction and 389 teeth were extracted. 33 sockets (8.5%) developed ORN. Univariate analyses showed significant associations with ORN for the following factors: tooth type, tooth pathology, surgical procedure, primary closure, target volume, total dose, timing of extraction post radiotherapy, bony changes at extraction site and visibility of lower and upper cortical line of mandibular canal. Using multivariate analysis, the odds of developing an ORN from a surgical procedure was 6.50 (CI 1.37-30.91, p = 0.02). Dental extraction of more than 5 years after radiotherapy and invisible upper cortical line of mandibular canal on the DPT have the odds of 0.06 (CI 0.01-0.25, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications; Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology; Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
  7. Fulltext Dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas: clinical features and management
    Foo SH, Chan SP, Ananda V, Rajasingam V
    Singapore Med J, 2010 May;51(5):e89-93.
    PMID: 20593136
    Most functional phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas produce noradrenaline and/or adrenaline. Those that produce dopamine are rare. We describe the distinguishing clinical features of dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas from those that secrete noradrenaline/adrenaline and the impact on their management. We present a case of a dopamine-secreting paraganglioma from our institution and review 14 case reports of dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas published between 1984 and 2008. As observed in the literature, 80% of the tumours were extra-adrenal. Most patients presented with non-specific symptoms or mass effect without the classical presentation of catecholamine excess. The majority were diagnosed with urinary or plasma dopamine. Five patients had malignant tumours and 12 patients underwent surgical resection of the primary tumours. Unlike noradrenaline/adrenaline-secreting phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas, dopamine-secreting tumours lack a classical presentation, are extra-adrenal and have a higher malignant potential. A routine inclusion of urinary or plasma dopamine as part of catecholamine screening in all suspected phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas is recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis; Head and Neck Neoplasms/secretion; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery
  8. Fulltext An outcome of Surgically Treated Head and Neck Cancer in one of the tertiary Referral Center in the East Coast of Malaysia: A 6-year Retrospective Analysis
    Abdullah K, Raja Lope Ahmad RA, Asha'ari ZA, Razali MS, Leman WI
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Jul;21(4):28-36.
    PMID: 25977619 MyJurnal
    Surgical management of head and neck cancer is undoubtedly challenging, and we would like to see the outcome of managing such cases at one of the tertiary referral center in the East Coast of Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms
  9. Role of miRNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
    Masood Y, Kqueen CY, Rajadurai P
    Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2015 Feb;15(2):183-97.
    PMID: 25367254 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.978294
    Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide. Evidence suggests that miRNAs play an important role in progression, recurrence, metastasis and postoperative survival of HNSCC. Studies have investigated the utility of miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic tools and as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers that may improve the management and outcomes of HNSCC. The aim of this article is to review the current literature on aberrant expression profiles of miRNAs in biopsy samples of HNSCC and their role in cancer development, metastasis, prognosis and survival of these patients. This review gives an overview that miRNAs deregulation play major role in the development of HNSCC. They offer the potential to be used as biomarkers or novel therapeutic targets. Future research is required to test their use in both of these fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics*
  10. Managing complications of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients: Part III. Provision of dentures
    Rahman RA, Ngeow WC, Chai WL, Ramli R
    Singapore Dent J, 2006 Dec;28(1):7-10.
    PMID: 17378335
    Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Pretreatment dental assessment should be provided for these patients before they undergo radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally and, as a result, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. The management of radiation-induced caries, a sequelae of xerostomia has been reviewed in Part II of this series. In this article, the management of difficulty with dentures, another sequelae of xerostomia following radiation therapy is reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
  11. Managing complications of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients: Part V. Management of mucositis
    Ngeow WC, Chai WL, Rahman RA, Ramli R
    Singapore Dent J, 2006 Dec;28(1):16-8.
    PMID: 17378337
    Head and neck cancer is becoming a more recognizable pathology to the general population and dentists. The modes of treatment include surgery and/or radiation therapy. Where possible, pretreatment dental assessment shall be provided for these patients before they undergo radiation therapy. There are occasions, however, whereby head and neck cancer patients are not prepared optimally for radiation therapy. Because of this, they succumb to complicated oral adverse effects after radiation therapy. The second last part of this series reviews and discusses the management of complication that commonly occur to the oral mucosa, i.e. mucositis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*
  12. Fulltext Pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in head and neck surgery
    Gurbachan I, Gomez AC, Noor N
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):107-14.
    PMID: 3834280
    The experiences gained through the use of pectoralis major myocutaneous flap in reconstructive head and neck cancer surgery in 15 cases is presented. It is our method choice for a one-stage reconstruction in head and neck The flap has survived in 14 out of 15 cases. It has definite advantages over other flaps used in head and neck reconstruction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery*
  13. Initiatives to reduce postoperative surgical site infections of the head and neck cancer surgery with a special emphasis on developing countries
    Haque M, McKimm J, Godman B, Abu Bakar M, Sartelli M
    Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 2019 01;19(1):81-92.
    PMID: 30394844 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1544497
    Introduction: Surgery in patients with head and neck cancers is frequently complicated by multiple stages of procedure that includes significant surgical removal of all or part of an organ with cancer, tissue reconstruction, and extensive neck dissection. Postoperative wound infections, termed 'surgical site infections' (SSIs) are a significant impediment to head-and-neck cancer surgery and recovery, and need to be addressed. Areas covered: Approximately 10-45% of patients undergoing head-and-neck cancers surgery develop SSIs. SSIs can lead to delayed wound healing, increased morbidity and mortality as well as costs. Consequently, SSIs need to be avoided where possible, as even the surgery itself impacts on patients' subsequent activities and their quality of life, which is exacerbated by SSIs. Several risk factors for SSIs need to be considered to reduce future rates, and care is also needed in the selection and duration of antibiotic prophylaxis. Expert commentary: Head and neck surgeons should give personalized care especially to patients at high risk of SSIs. Such patients include those who have had chemoradiotherapy and need reconstructive surgery, and patients from lower and middle-income countries and from poorer communities in high income countries, who often have high levels of co-morbidity because of resource constraints.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery*
  14. Monophasic synovial sarcoma of the pyriform fossa
    Ng CT, Wong EHC, Prepageran N
    BMJ Case Rep, 2020 Nov 30;13(11).
    PMID: 33257363 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-236204
    Head and neck synovial sarcoma is rare. We report the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with progressive dysphagia, odynophagia, shortness of breath on exertion and hoarseness of voice. Nasendoscopy revealed a smooth, non-fungating, non-ulcerative mass arising from the left lateral pharyngeal wall. CT showed a well-defined, heterogenous enhancing lesion arising from the left pyriform fossa. Initial biopsy taken was inconclusive and patient underwent a transcervical complete excision of the tumour, where histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of monophasic synovial sarcoma of the left pyriform fossa. This patient also received adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively and remained disease free 1 year after completion of treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis
  15. GENIPAC: A Genomic Information Portal for Head and Neck Cancer Cell Systems
    Lee BKB, Gan CP, Chang JK, Tan JL, Fadlullah MZ, Abdul Rahman ZA, et al.
    J Dent Res, 2018 07;97(8):909-916.
    PMID: 29512401 DOI: 10.1177/0022034518759038
    Head and neck cancer (HNC)-derived cell lines represent fundamental models for studying the biological mechanisms underlying cancer development and precision therapies. However, mining the genomic information of HNC cells from available databases requires knowledge on bioinformatics and computational skill sets. Here, we developed a user-friendly web resource for exploring, visualizing, and analyzing genomics information of commonly used HNC cell lines. We populated the current version of GENIPAC with 44 HNC cell lines from 3 studies: ORL Series, OPC-22, and H Series. Specifically, the mRNA expressions for all the 3 studies were derived with RNA-seq. The copy number alterations analysis of ORL Series was performed on the Genome Wide Human Cytoscan HD array, while copy number alterations for OPC-22 were derived from whole exome sequencing. Mutations from ORL Series and H Series were derived from RNA-seq information, while OPC-22 was based on whole exome sequencing. All genomic information was preprocessed with customized scripts and underwent data validation and correction through data set validator tools provided by cBioPortal. The clinical and genomic information of 44 HNC cell lines are easily assessable in GENIPAC. The functional utility of GENIPAC was demonstrated with some of the genomic alterations that are commonly reported in HNC, such as TP53, EGFR, CCND1, and PIK3CA. We showed that these genomic alterations as reported in The Cancer Genome Atlas database were recapitulated in the HNC cell lines in GENIPAC. Importantly, genomic alterations within pathways could be simultaneously visualized. We developed GENIPAC to create access to genomic information on HNC cell lines. This cancer omics initiative will help the research community to accelerate better understanding of HNC and the development of new precision therapeutic options for HNC treatment. GENIPAC is freely available at http://genipac.cancerresearch.my/ .
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/genetics*
  16. Potential of E-Learning Interventions and Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Contouring Skills in Radiotherapy: The ELAISA Study
    Rasmussen ME, Akbarov K, Titovich E, Nijkamp JA, Van Elmpt W, Primdahl H, et al.
    JCO Glob Oncol, 2024 Aug;10:e2400173.
    PMID: 39236283 DOI: 10.1200/GO.24.00173
    PURPOSE: Most research on artificial intelligence-based auto-contouring as template (AI-assisted contouring) for organs-at-risk (OARs) stem from high-income countries. The effect and safety are, however, likely to depend on local factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of AI-assisted contouring and teaching on contouring time and contour quality among radiation oncologists (ROs) working in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-seven ROs were randomly assigned to either manual or AI-assisted contouring of eight OARs for two head-and-neck cancer cases with an in-between teaching session on contouring guidelines. Thereby, the effect of teaching (yes/no) and AI-assisted contouring (yes/no) was quantified. Second, ROs completed short-term and long-term follow-up cases all using AI assistance. Contour quality was quantified with Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) between ROs' contours and expert consensus contours. Groups were compared using absolute differences in medians with 95% CIs.

    RESULTS: AI-assisted contouring without previous teaching increased absolute DSC for optic nerve (by 0.05 [0.01; 0.10]), oral cavity (0.10 [0.06; 0.13]), parotid (0.07 [0.05; 0.12]), spinal cord (0.04 [0.01; 0.06]), and mandible (0.02 [0.01; 0.03]). Contouring time decreased for brain stem (-1.41 [-2.44; -0.25]), mandible (-6.60 [-8.09; -3.35]), optic nerve (-0.19 [-0.47; -0.02]), parotid (-1.80 [-2.66; -0.32]), and thyroid (-1.03 [-2.18; -0.05]). Without AI-assisted contouring, teaching increased DSC for oral cavity (0.05 [0.01; 0.09]) and thyroid (0.04 [0.02; 0.07]), and contouring time increased for mandible (2.36 [-0.51; 5.14]), oral cavity (1.42 [-0.08; 4.14]), and thyroid (1.60 [-0.04; 2.22]).

    CONCLUSION: The study suggested that AI-assisted contouring is safe and beneficial to ROs working in LMICs. Prospective clinical trials on AI-assisted contouring should, however, be conducted upon clinical implementation to confirm the effects.

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy
  17. Enteral glutamine supplementation in surgical patients with head and neck malignancy: A randomized controlled trial
    Azman M, Mohd Yunus MR, Sulaiman S, Syed Omar SN
    Head Neck, 2015 Dec;37(12):1799-807.
    PMID: 24992652 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23839
    Glutamine supplementation is a novel approach to perioperative nutritional management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/blood; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery*
  18. Feasibility of Salvage Selective Neck Dissection after Primary Irradiation of Pharyngeal and Laryngeal Carcinoma
    Mat Lazim N, Abdullah K, Karakullukcu B, Tan IB
    ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 2018;80(1):10-18.
    PMID: 29428959 DOI: 10.1159/000486371
    INTRODUCTION: The concept of neck dissection (ND) in the management armamentarium of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has evolved throughout the years. Nowadays, ND becomes more functional.

    METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study of 865 patients was performed at Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital to investigate the feasibility of selective ND (SND). All patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the pharynx and larynx who received primary radiation and underwent salvage ND were included in the study.

    RESULT: A total of 29 NDs were analyzed. In 17 neck sides, viable metastases were found (58%), whereas in the other 12 specimens there were no viable metastases. In 16 of the 17 necks (94%), the metastases were located either in level II, III, or IV or in a combination of these 3 levels. Level V was involved in only 1 case (6%).

    CONCLUSION: It is well justified to perform a salvage SND (levels II, III, and IV) for pharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma after primary radiation. In carefully selected cases of supraglottic and oropharyngeal carcinoma, a superselective ND also appears as an efficient option.

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery*
  19. Fulltext In vitro evaluation of dual-antigenic PV1 peptide vaccine in head and neck cancer patients
    Chai SJ, Fong SCY, Gan CP, Pua KC, Lim PVH, Lau SH, et al.
    Hum Vaccin Immunother, 2019;15(1):167-178.
    PMID: 30193086 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1520584
    Peptide vaccines derived from tumour-associated antigens have been used as an immunotherapeutic approach to induce specific cytotoxic immune response against tumour. We previously identified that MAGED4B and FJX1 proteins are overexpressed in HNSCC patients; and further demonstrated that two HLA-A2-restricted 9-11 amino acid peptides derived from these proteins were able to induce anti-tumour immune responses in vitro independently using PBMCs isolated from these patients. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a dual-antigenic peptide vaccine (PV1), comprised of MAGED4B and FJX1 peptides in HNSCC patients. We first demonstrated that 94.8% of HNSCC patients expressed MAGED4B and/or FJX1 by immunohistochemistry, suggesting that PV1 could benefit the majority of HNSCC patients. The presence of pre-existing MAGED4B and FJX1-specific T-cells was detected using a HLA-A2 dimer assay and efficacy of PV1 to induce T-cell to secrete cytotoxic cytokine was evaluated using ELISPOT assay. Pre-existing PV1-specific T-cells were detected in all patients. Notably, we demonstrated that patients' T-cells were able to secrete cytotoxic cytokines upon exposure to target cells expressing the respective antigen post PV1 stimulation. Furthermore, patients with high expression of MAGED4B and FJX1 in their tumours were more responsive to PV1 stimulation, demonstrating the specificity of the PV1 peptide vaccine. Additionally, we also demonstrated the expression of MAGED4B and FJX1 in breast, lung, colon, prostate and rectal cancer suggesting the potential use of PV1 in these cancers. In summary, PV1 could be a good vaccine candidate for the treatment of HNSCC patients and other cancers expressing these antigens.
    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/immunology; Head and Neck Neoplasms/therapy*
  20. Predictive factors for osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: A retrospective study
    Sathasivam HP, Davies GR, Boyd NM
    Head Neck, 2018 Jan;40(1):46-54.
    PMID: 29149496 DOI: 10.1002/hed.24907
    BACKGROUND: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) is a well-recognized complication of radiotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess predictive factors for the development of ORNJ.

    METHODS: A retrospective study of 325 patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) treated at one institution between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2008, was conducted. Outcome measure was the presence/absence of ORNJ. Time to event was recorded and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to determine statistically significant predictive factors.

    RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients had ORNJ. Statistical analysis using Cox regression analysis identified several statistically significant variables: dentoalveolar surgery; peri-resective surgery of the jaw; continued tobacco usage after radiotherapy, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2); and total radiation dose.

    CONCLUSION: Patients at greater risk of developing ORNJ can be identified and measures can be instituted to reduce its incidence and expedite management when it does occur.

    Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy*; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery
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