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  1. Fulltext The Psychological Impact Analysis of Novel COVID-19 Pandemic in Health Sciences Students: A Global Survey
    Bashir TF, Hassan S, Maqsood A, Khan ZA, Issrani R, Ahmed N, et al.
    Eur J Dent, 2020 Dec;14(S 01):S91-S96.
    PMID: 33368064 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721653
    OBJECTIVE:  To evaluate the anxiety and depression amid novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic in health sciences students around the globe.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS:  This cross-sectional observational study comprised 523 health science students. A well-structured online questionnaire consisting of closed-ended questions based on student's general information, Patient Heath Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 scales were used to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19.

    STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:  SPSS-25 was used to analyze the outcome of this study. Multiple linear regression analysis test was used to assess variables which had impact on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores among the participants. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

    RESULTS:  Among the 523 participants, 365 (69.55%) students were from developing countries and 158 (30.21%) from developed countries; 424 (81.1%) students were tested negative for COVID-19 and 99 (18.9%) had suffered from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection during pandemic. The mean GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores were 7.16 ± 5.755 and 7.30 ± 6.166, respectively. Significant impact on anxiety levels was associated with age, gender, education status, and COVID-19 positive patient, while depression was not significantly associated with gender, COVID-19, and its reported symptoms in participants.

    CONCLUSION:  As the world is trying to contain the health effects of COVID-19, the psychological effects might take a longer time to be addressed. Our study highlights the dire need to identify mental well-being of health science students as this may have a direct impact on their professional commitments and future responsibilities.

    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  2. Fulltext Current and future trends in socio-economic, demographic and governance factors affecting global primate conservation
    Estrada A, Garber PA, Chaudhary A
    PeerJ, 2020;8:e9816.
    PMID: 32884865 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9816
    Currently, ~65% of extant primate species (ca 512 species) distributed in 91 countries in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, South Asia and Southeast Asia are threatened with extinction and 75% have declining populations as a result of deforestation and habitat loss resulting from increasing global market demands, and land conversion for industrial agriculture, cattle production and natural resource extraction. Other pressures that negatively impact primates are unsustainable bushmeat hunting, the illegal trade of primates as pets and as body parts, expanding road networks in previously isolated areas, zoonotic disease transmission and climate change. Here we examine current and future trends in several socio-economic factors directly or indirectly affecting primates to further our understanding of the interdependent relationship between human well-being, sustainable development, and primate population persistence. We found that between 2001 and 2018 ca 191 Mha of tropical forest (30% canopy cover) were lost as a result of human activities in the five primate range regions. Forty-six percent of this loss was in the Neotropics (Mexico, Central and South America), 30% in Southeast Asia, 21% in mainland Africa, 2% in Madagascar and 1% in South Asia. Countries with the greatest losses (ca 57% of total tree cover loss) were Brazil, Indonesia, DRC, China, and Malaysia. Together these countries harbor almost 50% of all extant primate species. In 2018, the world human population was estimated at ca 8bn people, ca 60% of which were found in primate range countries. Projections to 2050 and to 2100 indicate continued rapid growth of the human populations in these five primate range regions, with Africa surpassing all the other regions and totaling ca 4bn people by the year 2100. Socioeconomic indicators show that, compared to developed nations, most primate range countries are characterized by high levels of poverty and income inequality, low human development, low food security, high levels of corruption and weak governance. Models of Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSPs) projected to 2050 and 2100 showed that whereas practices of increasing inequality (SSP4) or unconstrained growth in economic output and energy use (SSP5) are projected to have dire consequences for human well-being and primate survivorship, practices of sustainability-focused growth and equality (SSP1) are expected to have a positive effect on maintaining biodiversity, protecting environments, and improving the human condition. These results stress that improving the well-being, health, and security of the current and future human populations in primate range countries are of paramount importance if we are to move forward with effective policies to protect the world's primate species and promote biodiversity conservation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  3. Fulltext Burden of stroke in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A soaring epidemic
    Basri R, Issrani R, Hua Gan S, Prabhu N, Khursheed Alam M
    Saudi Pharm J, 2021 Mar;29(3):264-268.
    PMID: 33981175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.02.002
    Stroke is a key cerebrovascular disease that is related to high morbidity and mortality in the globe. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is not an exception where stroke is fast developing into a serious challenge due to the high mortality rate. Additionally, stroke presents a tremendous economic burden and has a devastating effect on the quality of lives of individuals. The number of stroke cases are increasing yearly, thus posing a major challenge to the health care system. Therefore, it is crucial to implement primary and secondary prevention strategies in the KSA. Nevertheless, as compared with developed countries, information on the prevalence, socio-demographic properties and prevention of stroke remains scarce that could be attributed to the shortage of research conducted in this specified region. The review is written to address the various aspects of stroke in the KSA, based on current literatures search using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases, to identify studies published since inception to Dec 2020.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  4. Fulltext Occurrence of Intestinal Parasitic Contamination in Select Consumed Local Raw Vegetables and Fruits in Kuantan, Pahang
    Yusof AM, Mohammad M, Abdullahi MA, Mohamed Z, Zakaria R, Wahab RA
    Trop Life Sci Res, 2017 Jan;28(1):23-32.
    PMID: 28228914 MyJurnal DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2017.28.1.2
    Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the most common causes of human diseases that result in serious health and economic issues in many developing and developed countries. Raw vegetables and fruits play an important role in transmitting parasites to humans. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the parasitological contamination of select commonly consumed local leafy vegetables and fruits in Kuantan, Malaysia. One kilogram of locally consumed raw vegetables and fruits were collected randomly from the Kuantan wet market (Pasar Tani) during the monsoon season (November 2014-January 2015) and the dry season (February 2015-April 2015). A standard wet mount procedure and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining were used for the detection of parasites. In the present study, the examination of vegetables revealed five different parasite species. The vegetable samples collected from Kuantan's wet market were positive for both helminthes and protozoa. However, the fruits samples were negative for parasitic contamination. Pegaga was the most contaminated leafy vegetable in this study, and Strongyloides was the parasite found most frequently. Furthermore, there was a high diversity in the type of parasites observed during the dry season compared to the monsoon season. Therefore, further action should be taken to reduce the occurrence of parasitic contamination in vegetables by implementing the principles of good agricultural practice and improving water treatment efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  5. Fulltext Asian men’s health: gender disparity and life expectancy
    Ho, Christopher C.K., Teo, C.H., Ng, C.J., Zulkifli, M.Z., Tan, M.H.
    Journal of Surgical Academia, 2014;4(2):5-8.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this review was to analyze the gender disparities found as well as the life expectancies in Asia. An analysis of the data on gender disparities as well as life expectancies of the different Asian countries was done based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Observatory Data Repository as well as the regional government databases. Middle Eastern countries have the highest male to female population ratio. The results show that in terms of population pyramid, Asia is moving towards a more geriatric population. Qatar has the highest life expectancy for men and is the only country in Asia where men live longer than women (difference of 2 years). In general, women in Asia live longer than men. High income countries like Hong Kong, Japan and Singapore have higher life expectancies as compared to those on the lower income nations. The life expectancy of Asian men still lags women. Men’s health care needs to be addressed urgently. The disparity in income-status reflecting the lifespan of men is an impetus for us to narrow the gap of health in Asian countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  6. Fulltext Neonatal conjunctivitis: a review
    Mallika P.S., Asokumaran T, Faisal H. A., Aziz S, Tan A. K., Intan G
    Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(2):77-81.
    MyJurnal
    Ophthalmia neonatorum remains a significant cause of ocular morbidity, blindness and even death in underdeveloped countries. The organisms causing ophthalmia neonatorum are acquired mainly from the mother's birth canal during delivery and a small percentage of cases are acquired by other ways. Chlamydia and Neisseria are the most common pathogens responsible for the perinatal infection. Fortunately in most cases, laboratory studies can identify the causative organism and unlike other form of conjunctivitis, this perinatal ocular infection has to be treated with systemic antibiotics to prevent systemic colonization of the organism. Routine prophylaxis with 1% silver nitrate solution (credes method) has been discontinued in many developed nations for the fear of development of chemical conjunctivitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  7. Fulltext Public health experience in the ‘Snow Country’ Niigata, Japan
    Syaqirah Akmal, Nizam Baharom
    Int J Public Health Res, 2012;2(2):184-191.
    MyJurnal
    In the cold winter month of January 2012, two post graduate students from the Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), went on a two weeks field attachment with the Division of International Health (Public Health), Niigata University Graduate School of Medical & Dental Sciences (NU). This report is an account of our first hand learning experience about the public health system and culture in Niigata, Japan. Famously known as the 'Snow Country', Niigata prefecture is approximately 350 kilometers north of Tokyo, in the middle of the west coast of Honshu island, facing the Sea of Japan. It borders on the east with Fukushima prefecture, which was badly affected by the great tsunami disaster in March 2011. Niigata has a population of two and a half million, of which 21.3% is above the age of 65. Niigata University is located in Niigata City, the capital of Niigata prefecture. This attachment was under the UKM-Global Student Mobility Programme (Outbound) and it was taken as an opportunity to improve the memorandum of understanding between UKM and NU. The objectives were to gain knowledge and experience in various public health issues in a developed nation like Japan. Specifically, we were interested to learn about the local public health programmes, the influenza surveillance system, public health programmes for the elderly population, the Geographical Information System (GIS) and the Japanese culture in general. (Copied from article).
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  8. Fulltext Impacts of gender bias
    Khalib, A.L., Suriyati, A.A.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2007;13(1):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    Gender bias are most obvious in the distribution of income and wealth. This reflects women’s unequal position in the labour market , their less favorable treatment in most social security systems and their lower status within the household. Discrimination against women is also evident in the political sphere. Their access to power is not commensurate with their numbers, their needs or their contributions as citizens. As well as affecting women’s physical and mental health, gender bias also affect the quality of the services they receive. In most developed countries, women are offered equal access to basic health care. However their use of those service may be hindered by a number of gender related factors which are likely to affect poor women in particular. In health organization, gender bias gives significant impact to the evaluation of staff performance, increase stress level and miscommunication. It is also influence the leadership style and also can create ‘glass ceiling’ phenomenon. Job dissatisfaction , absenteeism and high turn over are also the consequences of gender bias. Alongside the development of gender sensitive methods of routine data collection, gender bias in health research will also need to be addressed. Most biomedical research continues to be based on the unstated assumption that women and men are physiologically similar in all respects apart from their reproductive systems. Other biological differences are ignored, as are the social/gender differences that have such a major impact on health.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  9. Fulltext An Epidemiological Survey Of Denture-Related Lesions In A Geriatric Population In Malaysia
    Taiyeb Ali, T.B., Zain, R.B., Raja Latifah, Razak, I.A.
    Ann Dent, 1998;5(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The prevalence of tooth loss amongst the elderly is generally very high. Hence mastication and subsequently nutrition is greatly affected leading to the impairment of their general health. Therefore denture construction is an important aspect in the rehabilitation of the oral and general health in most elderlies. However, poorly constructed dentures and lack of maintenance coupled with various other health and healthrelated problems of the elderly, for instance poor general health especially with immunocompromised states, multiple medication intake, xerostomia, reduced mobility, economic status, mental state and ignorance may all lead to discomfort and denture associated lesions in these elderly patients. No regional studies or data on denture-related lesions in the general population have been reported. Previous epidemiological studies of adults in Malaysia (1,2) and other local studies have not investigated lesions of the oral tissues associated with geriatric denture wearers although studies in developed countries, where prevalence of denture usage is high, have noted that denture-related lesions to be the most common group of oral mucosal lesions in the elderly (3-7). As has been reported in most developing countries, the proportion of elderly in Malaysia is also increasing. It has also been noted that the mean number of teeth present decreases as age increases; in those between 15 to 19 years, all 28 teeth are present, 35 to 44 years-old have 23 teeth whereas those above 65 years retain only 12 teeth. Edentulousness increases from 0% to 7.3% to 56.6% in these age groups respectively (2). It is anticipated that with the increasing population of the elderly in Malaysia and the improving economy, the proportion of denture wearers in the population will increase. In view of the lack of investigations in Malaysia focusing exclusively on this group of lesions, it is therefore the aim of this pilot investigation to highlight the prevalence of denture- related lesions in a representative population of the elderly living in the community, both in the urban and rural areas. It may also form a basis against which future studies can be compared.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  10. Fulltext Perceived norms and smoking status among secondary school students in Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia
    Lim, Kuang Hock, Sumarni Mohd Ghazali, Kee, Chee Cheong, Hejar Abdul Rahman, Amal Nasir Mustafa
    Int J Public Health Res, 2012;2(1):85-92.
    MyJurnal
    Accepted 8 February 2012.
    Introduction Social norms, though an important contributing factor of adolescent smoking in developed countries, has not been extensively studied in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the association between certain perceived norms regarding smoking with smoking status among Malaysian secondary school students in Kota Tinggi, Johor.
    Methods Data were collected from 2311 respondents consisting of 1379 male and 923 female secondary school students in Kota Tinggi district via a self administered questionnaire. Five perceived norms regarding smoking were assessed, namely: perceived peer smoking prevalence, perceived parental reaction towards adolescent smoking, perceived public perception of adolescent smoking, ever noticed peers smoking inside and outside school and perceived enforcement of anti-smoking policy in school and their association with smoking status. Multiple logistic regressions controlling for gender, peer smoking and family smoking was performed.
    Results Of the five perceived norms, four were associated with smoking status, (perceived peer smoking prevalence (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  11. Fulltext Experiencing health care and culture in Niigata, Japan
    Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat, Ahmad Fareed A Rahman, Nur Fatihah Oh Abdullah, Natrah Mohd Saad
    Int J Public Health Res, 2012;2(1):122-128.
    MyJurnal
    In July 2010 Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Niigata University (NU) signed a memorandum of agreement to continue collaboration in joint planning and implementation of education, research and practice services in the field of medicine.This collaboration is also a good opportunity for Doctor of Public Health (DRPH) postgraduate candidates to gain experience on the practice of public health in handling public health issues, planning the healthcare facilities, delivering a quality public health services, enforcing public health policies/regulations and finally learn about the health systems in general at other countries especially from developed country like Japan. Experiencing Health Care and Culture in Niigata, Japan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  12. The great researcher: developing a new breed of researchers for the 21st century
    Mohd Jailani Mohd Nor, Rabiah Ahmad
    CREAM : Current Research in Malaysia (Penyelidikan Terkini di Malaysia), 2012;1(1):5-20.
    MyJurnal
    In Malaysia, all sectors are currently gearing themselves in supporting the initiatives of becoming a developed nation by the year 2020. The most important element in ensuring the success of this mission is to provide critical mass of knowledge workers to champion this cause. As such the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) has established the National Higher Education Strategic Plan (NHESP), comprising seven thrusts which are very crucial in providing the much needed human capital and eco-system for this agenda. The essence of NHESP is also in line with other initiatives established by the government of Malaysia such as the National Key Results Area (NKRA) and the Government Transformation Plan (GTP). In fact MOHE has developed a systematic working model for the academia to play their role actively in driving the agenda of transforming Malaysia into a developed nation. The workforce required to spearhead the agenda for an innovation-led economy can be categorized into five different groups namely: Discoverers; Innovators; Inventors; Transformers; and Technopreneurs. It is very crucial for MOHE to develop and implement a comprehensive programme for producing a new breed of researchers that can contribute in translating government policies into a reality. This article presents the challenges and success stories in reforming the landscape of Research and Development in Malaysian universities and research institutions. The establishment of NHESP has made it possible for MOHE to systematically establish comprehensive guidelines for the management of research grants, standard for research conduct, instrument to measure research performance, and standardized reporting of research and innovation output. This new approach in the management of research at the ministry level has created positive ramifications for universities, research institutions, research management centres, and research leaders. During the first five-year cycle (2006-2010) of these research initiatives, and now into the second phase (2011-2015), positive results and outcomes have started to emerge. These results include increased in generation of articles on research findings published in reputable journals worldwide. Currently, Malaysia is recognized for achieving the world's fastest growth rate in number of journal publications. In addition, increased in number of postgraduate students, commercialization of R&D products and the establishment of Higher Institutions Centres of Excellence (HiCOE) contribute towards producing a new breed of great researchers in Malaysia. A continuing positive trend indicates that this phenomenal growth will be sustained for the next few years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  13. Fulltext The relation of risk factors and musculoskeletal discomfort among manual material handling workers in Malaysian automotive industries
    Mirta Widia, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal, Nukman Yusoff
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(10):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Most studies have examined the association of ergonomic risk factors and musculoskeletal discomfort in developed countries. Meanwhile the data are still lacking in developing countries such as Malaysia. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between risk factors and musculoskeletal discomfort among manual material handling workers in Malaysian automotive industries. A total of211 manual material handling workers from automotive industries completed a set of questionnaire on the individual, physical and environmental factors and the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort. The Chi-Square test and logistics regression analysis were used to determine the relationship of the risk factors and musculoskeletal. The findings highlighted that job tenure was significantly correlated with musculoskeletal discomfort among the workers (OR=2.33-5.56). The most significant physical risk factor that was associated with musculoskeletal discomfort was bending the trunk forward slightly, hands above knee level, which was significantly related to lower back discomfort (OR=5.13, 95%CI=1.56-16.8), thigh discomfort (OR=5.1, 95%CI=1.01-25.53) and wrist discomfort (OR=3.65, 95%CI=1.06-12.53). Twisting of the trunk (over 45o) and bending sideways were significantly associated to lower back discomfort (OR=4.04, 95%CI=1.44-14.44), and thigh discomfort (OR=4.3, 95%CI=1.29-8.50). The findings also highlighted that environmental factors was associated with musculoskeletal discomfort (p < 0.05. Musculoskeletal discomfort can be reduced by lowering work-related risk factors among automotive manual material handling workers, particularly by focusing on significant factors, including job tenure, bending or twisting postures and environmental factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  14. Fulltext Selenium and hepatocellular carcinoma
    Nasar Alwahaibi, Jamaludin Mohamed
    Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2008;6(2):1-14.
    MyJurnal
    While cancer is considered to be one of the leading causes of death worldwide, there is a growing scientific and public interests on selenium as a dietary and antioxidant of many diseases, in particular, cancer. Despite advanced technology and significant improvement of surgical, chemical, hormonal and radio therapies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still common in Asia and Africa and is increasing in the developed countries. Prognosis of HCC at an early stage is still challenging. At the moment, combination of Alpha feto protein (AFP) and ultrasonography tests offers more accurate and sensitive results for the diagnosis of HCC. Selenium (also known as the moon element) has been recognized for almost 49 years as an antioxidant and anti cancer agent. The weight of evidence supports the position of selenium as an anti cancer agent for HCC but the molecular mechanism of how selenium inhibits HCC is still unknown. Numerous theories have been proposed and selenium induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest is the predominant one so far.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  15. Fulltext Susceptibility to smoking as a predictor of smoking initiation among adolescents - a longitudinal study in Kota Tinggi District, Malaysia
    Lim, K.H., Sumarni, M.G., Kee, C.C., Amal, N.M., Norhamimah, A.
    Medicine & Health, 2011;6(1):49-58.
    MyJurnal
    Susceptibility to smoking, which is defined as a lack of cognitive commitment not to smoke in the future, has been shown to be a predictor for adolescent smoking initiation in developed countries. This study aims to evaluate the utility of a susceptibility-tosmoke measure as a predictor of smoking initiation among adolescents in Kota Tinggi district, Johor Malaysia. Susceptibility to smoking was evaluated among 1763 adolescents at baseline using a two-item construct. At follow-up 12 months later, 1288 of the 1763 adolescents (73.1%) responded. Results showed 14.9% (n=188/1260) of the respondents were susceptible to smoking at baseline. Among the susceptible adolescents, 31.9% initiated smoking after one year. Respondents who were identified as susceptible to smoking by the measure were 3.7 times (95%; CI: 2.17- 6.30) more likely to initiate smoking compared to non-susceptible respondents after adjusting for gender, school locality, percentage of friends who smoke, father smoking, parental acceptance of smoking, and belief in the positive and negative consequences of smoking. The findings suggest that the susceptibility measure is a reliable predictor and can be used as a screening tool to identify adolescents who are at risk of initiating smoking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  16. Fulltext Physical activity and low back pain among automotive industry workers in Selangor
    Noor Sazarina Mad Isa @ Yahya, Baba Md Deros, Mazrura Sahani, Ahmad Rasdan Ismail
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2014;14(2):34-44.
    MyJurnal
    Substantial studies reported musculoskeletal disorders among the working population in the developed country, however, a limited number of studies were conducted in Malaysia. The objective of this cross sectional study was to determine the physical activity risk factors for low back pain among automotive workers in Selangor. Modified Risk Factors Questionnaire (RFQ) was used to assess physical activity with the occurrence of low back pain. The significant physical activities associated with the 12 months point prevalence are lifting weight (
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  17. Fulltext A study of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of pap smear screening among warded female patients in Hospital Teluk Intan, Perak
    Quek. KF, Abdul Rashid M, Lingam SS
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2005;5(1):16-22.
    MyJurnal
    Cancer of uterine cervix is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide, second only to breast cancer in incidence and mortality. Industrialized countries have dramatically reduced the incidence of mortality from cervical cancer in the last 50 years through aggressive screening programs utilizing pelvic examinations and Papanicolaou (pap) smears. The main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between socio-demography, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pap smear screening among female patients in Hospital Teluk Intan. There was statistically significant association between level of knowledge and practice (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  18. Fulltext A study of work related complaints of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS) among office workers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur
    Erna Faryza, Mohd Suleiman Murad, Syamsul Anwar
    Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(2):8-16.
    MyJurnal
    The computer is well known as one of the important tools in the office that gives a lot of benefits but silently leads to musculoskeletal pain. There are many different kinds of musculoskeletal complaints pain but the most common seen among computer users in developed countries is the complaint of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS). Despite this, definite factors that can be associated with the prevalence of CANS have not been established. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence and factors associated with work-related complaints of arm, neck and shoulder (CANS) among office workers in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. A survey study design was conducted where 110 (n=110) office workers were recruited from around the Selangor and Kuala Lumpur area for 5 months periods. Participants were required to answer the Maastricht Upper Extremity Questionnaire (MUEQ) and the Level of Ergonomic Knowledge Questionnaire. The study showed the highest percentage of CANS reported was at neck region (53.6% of participants), followed by shoulders with 53.0%. The majority of participants have low level of computer ergonomic awareness where only 19.09% (n=21) from government sector and 10% (n=11) office workers from private sector reported knowledge of ergonomics. Majority of the participants did not have the know-how in implementing correct computer ergonomics. However there was a weak association (r=
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  19. Confusion and conundrum in the management of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis
    Chan, P.W.K.
    Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2001;13(1):27-33.
    MyJurnal
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is isolated in 15-25% of young Malaysian children with bronchiolitis.',2 Although this observation is consistent with experience reported in other developing nations in the tropics,3•4 it is lower than that of temperate developed nations where RSV is isolated in 60 - 80% of young children with viral bronchiolitis.5,6 The majority of infections are mild, easily cared for at home and only 1% of children with RSV bronchiolitis require in-hospital care.' However, several categories of children have been identified to develop severe RSV bronchiolitis that is asso-ciated with an increased risk of mortality and significant morbidity. This 'high-risk' group includes children who are very young, ex-premature (gestation less than 36 weeks), children with chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease and immunodeficiency, namely, haematological transplant recipients.8'9 It is for this category of children in whom effective therapeutic strategies for the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis are most important.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
  20. Safety in the construction industry: are we barking at the wrong tree?
    Khairuddin Sulaiman, Norhayati Mahyuddin
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2005;2(1):30-36.
    MyJurnal
    The construction industry is an important industry in the Malaysian’s economy. Much has been said about the quality of the product as well as the image of the industry due to the small percentage of local workers on site. The industry’s welfare and safety record is not at all encouraging. To stop the rot, the government has taken important and significant steps by the establishment of the Malaysian Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). These efforts have shown some significant positive improvement in the perception and action of those involved in the industry but we are still far from the standard shown in other developed countries in terms of site safety. This paper is to discuss the roles and responsibilities of the key players in the industry be it the clients, consultants or contractors. The focus is on the ‘upstream’ activities i.e. the pre-construction stage, rather than the ‘downstream’ i.e. the construction phase of a project.
    Matched MeSH terms: Developed Countries
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