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Transient electro-magneto-hydrodynamic two-phase blood flow and thermal transport through a capillary vessel

Mirza IA, Abdulhameed M, Vieru D, Shafie S

Comput Methods Programs Biomed, 2016 Dec;137:149-166.
PMID: 28110721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.09.014

Therapies with magnetic/electromagnetic field are employed to relieve pains or, to accelerate flow of blood-particles, particularly during the surgery. In this paper, a theoretical study of the blood flow along with particles suspension through capillary was made by the electro-magneto-hydrodynamic approach. Analytical solutions to the non-dimensional blood velocity and non-dimensional particles velocity are obtained by means of the Laplace transform with respect to the time variable and the finite Hankel transform with respect to the radial coordinate. The study of thermally transfer characteristics is based on the energy equation for two-phase thermal transport of blood and particles suspension with viscous dissipation, the volumetric heat generation due to Joule heating effect and electromagnetic couple effect. The solution of the nonlinear heat transfer problem is derived by using the velocity field and the integral transform method. The influence of dimensionless system parameters like the electrokinetic width, the Hartman number, Prandtl number, the coefficient of heat generation due to Joule heating and Eckert number on the velocity and temperature fields was studied using the Mathcad software. Results are presented by graphical illustrations.
Fulltext A Case of Medialized Lateral Maxillary Sinus Wall: A Pillar of Support

Othman IA, Hashim ND, Nazimi AJ

Case Rep Med, 2018;2018:4053531.
PMID: 29861735 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4053531

The number of maxillofacial trauma (MFT) cases attended in the Emergency Department is progressively increasing in trend, owing to the rising statistics of motor-vehicle accidents (MVAs) and urban assaults in addition to occupational-related injuries. Prompt and thorough assessment is important for accurate diagnosis and paramount treatment plans. We will be discussing a case of unusual presentation of an orbital floor fracture post-MVA which was treated conservatively based on the clinical assessments during follow-ups, supported by radiological findings. We will also briefly discuss the different radiological modalities available in assessing MFT and late presentation of enophthalmos.
Effect of Various Polyols on the Acid-Denatured States of Champedak Galactose-Binding Lectin

Kameel NIA, Shuib AS, Tayyab S

Protein Pept Lett, 2018;25(3):314-324.
PMID: 29384048 DOI: 10.2174/0929866525666180130155007

BACKGROUND: Champedak galactose-binding (CGB) lectin is a tetrameric protein with noncovalently bound monomers, isolated from Artocarpus integer fruit seeds. We had previously reported existence of a structured monomer and an unfolded monomer of CGB lectin at pH 2.5 and pH 1.5, respectively. Polyols are known to induce significant refolding in denatured proteins and stabilize proteins against environmental stresses. Studies on the effect of various polyols on the acid-denatured states of CGB lectin are lacking.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of four different polyols, namely, ethylene glycol, erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol on the acid-denatured states of CGB lectin.
METHODS: CGB lectin was subjected to acid denaturation at pH 2.5 and pH 1.5, both in the absence and presence of 30% (w/v) polyols, i.e. ethylene glycol, erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol. Thermal denaturation of the acid-denatured states was also studied in the absence and presence of these polyols. Different spectroscopic probes such as tryptophan fluorescence, ANS fluorescence and far-UV CD spectral signal were used to monitor structural changes in the acid-denatured states of CGB lectin in the presence of polyols.
RESULTS: Presence of erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol in the incubation mixture was found to stabilize the lectin at both pH 2.5 and pH 1.5, as evident from the burial of the hydrophobic clusters and decreased polarity around Trp residues. These polyols also stabilized the acid-denatured states of CGB lectin against thermal denaturation by shifting the thermal transition curves towards higher temperatures. Exposure of the acid-denatured states of CGB lectin, obtained at pH 2.5 and pH 1.5 to 61°C and 51°C, respectively, induced formation of non-native β-structures, compared to that present at 25°C, and this phenomenon was significantly suppressed in the presence of these polyols. Based on the spectral data, both sorbitol and erythritol appeared to exude better stabilizing effect. On the other hand, ethylene glycol was shown to destabilize the aciddenatured states of CGB lectin.
CONCLUSION: Thermal stabilization of the lectin was noticed in the presence of erythritol, xylitol and sorbitol at both pH 2.5 and pH 1.5. These polyols also stabilize the secondary and tertiary structures of the acid-denatured CGB lectin at 25°C. Ethylene glycol was proved to be a destabilizer of the acid-denatured CGB lectin.
Fulltext Regulatory Non-coding RNAs Network in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Sulaiman SA, Muhsin NIA, Jamal R

Front Physiol, 2019;10:279.
PMID: 30941061 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00279

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum comprises simple steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The patients usually have no history of excessive alcohol consumption and other etiologies that can cause fatty liver. Understanding of the pathophysiology of NAFLD has revealed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play significant roles in modulating the disease susceptibility, pathogenesis and progression. Currently, the ncRNAs are grouped according to their sizes and their regulatory or housekeeping functions. Each of these ncRNAs has a wide range of involvement in the regulation of the genes and biological pathways. Here, we briefly review the current literature the regulatory ncRNAs in NAFLD pathogenesis and progression, mainly the microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. We also discuss the co-regulatory functions and interactions between these ncRNAs in modulating the disease pathogenesis. Elucidation of ncRNAs in NAFLD may facilitate the identification of early diagnostic biomarkers and development of therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
Fulltext Areca Nut Chewing: Initiation, Addiction, and Harmful Effects Emphasizing the Barriers and Importance of Cessation

Athukorala IA, Tilakaratne WM, Jayasinghe RD

J Addict, 2021;2021:9967097.
PMID: 34123457 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9967097

Areca nut is a highly addictive substance with carcinogenic properties and causes many harmful effects to the human body. Alkaloids are the major chemicals found in areca nut, and their mechanism of action has been studied for several years. About 600 million people around the world use areca nut, and its usage is higher in Asian countries. Areca nut chewers get used to the habit mainly due to social influence, stress, or lack of awareness. Some studies have reported a dependence syndrome related to areca nut chewing. Even though there are many ongoing research studies regarding tobacco addiction, less concern has been given to the areca nut addiction. There are only few studies related to areca nut cessation, and even those few cessation programs are mainly designed using tobacco cessation methodology. Sociocultural influence, behavioral factors, and accessibility are the main barriers to cessation. Behavior changing interventions proved to be more effective in areca nut cessation, but recently studies on pharmacological therapies are also emerging.
Fulltext Effects of milling methods on tensile properties of polypropylene/ oil palm mesocarp fibre biocomposite

Nordin, N. I. A. A., Ariffin, H., Hassan, M.A., Ibrahim, N. A., Shirai, Y., Andou, Y.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2015;23(2):325-337.
MyJurnal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of milling methods on tensile properties of polypropylene (PP) / oil palm mesocarp fibre (OPMF) biocomposites. Two types of mills were used; Wiley mill (WM) and disc mill (DM). Ground OPMF from each milling process was examined for its particle size distribution and aspect ratio by sieve and microscopic analyses, respectively. Results showed that DM-OPMF had smaller diameter fibre with uniform particle size compared to the WM-OPMF. Surface morphology study by SEM showed that DM-OPMF had rougher surface compared to WM-OPMF. Furthermore, it was found that PP/DM-OPMF biocomposite had higher tensile strength compared to PP/WM-OPMF, with almost two-fold. Thus, it is suggested that small diameter and uniform size fibre may improve stress transfer and surface contact between the fibre and polymer matrix and cause well dispersion of filler throughout the polymer resulted in better tensile strength of PP/DM-OPMF Compared to PP/WM-OPMF biocomposite. Overall, it can be concluded that disc milling could serve as a simple and effective grinding method for improving the tensile properties of biocomposite.
Fulltext Removal of toluene from aqueous solutions using oil palm shell based activated carbon: equilibrium and kinetics study

Kwong, W. Z., Tan, I. A. W., Rosli, N. A., Lim, L. L. P.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2014;22(2):577-585.
MyJurnal

This study is an attempt to investigate the adsorption of petroleum hydrocarbon (toluene) from aqueous solutions using granular activated carbon (GAC) synthesized from oil palm shell (OPS) (referred as OPSbased GAC). This study involved a series of batch experiments to determine the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics. The batch experiments were conducted by shaking 200 mL toluene solution containing 0.4 g GAC (initial concentrations of 5, 15, 25 and 30 mg/L) at 180 rpm at 30°C. The OPS-based GAC achieved more than 80% toluene removal in all the experiments. The adsorption capacity of the OPSbased GAC estimated using Freundlich isotherm was 6.039 mg/g (L/mg)1/n. The adsorption kinetic study showed that the adsorption of toluene was of chemisorption as the experimental data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model than the pseudo-first-order kinetic model.
Fulltext Nutritional perspectives of early Muslims’ eating habits

Ahmed I. A., Idris M.A., Asiyanbi-Hammed T.T., Mikail M. A., Hammed A.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
MyJurnal

In recent time, there has been a great influx of numerous processed foods into the market. The utilization of improved technologies in food ecosphere has not only led to the emergence of complex foods but has also raised concerns about their nutritional, safety and halal status among consumers. Consumers are confused whether to reject or adopt the proceesed foods and have become divided into various groups based on their eating habits. In order to ameliorate their concerns, consumers seek the adoption of knowledge-based eating habits. This review provides details on the nutritional perspectives of eating habits by early Muslims. Islam, as a complete way of life, entails well-defined eating habits as a comprehensive guide for mankind.
Fulltext Application of taguchi method for lower subthreshold swing in ultrathin pillar SOI VDGMOSFET device

Kaharudin, K. E., Salehuddin, F., Zain, A. S. M., Aziz, M. N. I. A., Ahmad, I.

Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2016;2(1):30-43.
MyJurnal

The reduction in the dimension of planar MOSFET device appears to be limited when it
reaches to 22nm technology node. In this research , a new concept of MOSFET architecture named
as Ultrathin Pillar Vertical Double Gate (VDG) MOSFET device was introduced and it was
integrated with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology for better electrical performances. The virtual
device fabrication and characterization were executed by using ATHENA and ATLAS modules from
SILVACO Internationals. The process parameters of the device were then optimized by utilizing the
Taguchi method for obtaining the lowest value of subthreshold swing (SS). The optimal result of the
subthreshold swing (SS) was observed to be 58.07 mV/dec with threshold voltage (VTH) of 0.408 V
and a very low leakage current (IOFF)value of 9.374 x 1016 A/µm. These results are well within the
predicted value of International Technology Roadmap Semiconductor (ITRS) 2013 for low power
(LP) requirement in the year 2020. Copyright © 2016 Penerbit Akademia Baru - All rights reserved.
Assessment of natural radioactivity levels in rocks and their relationships with the geological structure of Johor state, Malaysia

Alnour IA, Wagiran H, Ibrahim N, Hamzah S, Elias MS, Laili Z, et al.

Radiat Prot Dosimetry, 2014 Jan;158(2):201-7.
PMID: 23965286 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nct206

The distribution of natural radionuclides ((238)U, (232)Th and (40)K) and their radiological hazard effect in rocks collected from the state of Johor, Malaysia were determined by gamma spectroscopy using a high-purity germanium detector. The highest values of (238)U, (232)Th and (40)K activity concentrations (67±6, 85±7 and 722±18 Bg kg(-1), respectively) were observed in the granite rock. The lowest concentrations of (238)U and (232)Th (2±0.1 Bq kg(-1) for (238)U and 2±0.1 Bq kg(-1) for (232)Th) were observed in gabbro rock. The lowest concentration of (40)K (45±2 Bq kg(-1)) was detected in sandstone. The radium equivalent activity concentrations for all rock samples investigated were lower than the internationally accepted value of 370 Bq kg(-1). The highest value of radium equivalent in the present study (239±17 Bq kg(-1)) was recorded in the area of granite belonging to an acid intrusive rock geological structure. The absorbed dose rate was found to range from 4 to 112 nGy h(-1). The effective dose ranged from 5 to 138 μSv h(-1). The internal and external hazard index values were given in results lower than unity. The purpose of this study is to provide information related to radioactivity background levels and the effects of radiation on residents in the study area under investigation. Moreover, the relationships between the radioactivity levels in the rocks within the geological structure of the studied area are discussed.
Fulltext Mixed-genotypes infections with hepatitis C virus in hemodialysis subjects

Hairul Aini H, Mustafa MIA, Seman MR, Nasuruddin BA

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Apr;67(2):199-203.
PMID: 22822643 MyJurnal

Mixed-genotypes hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are normally ignored in chronic hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of mixed-genotypes infections among hemodialysis patients in Pahang province, Malaysia. Reverse-transcription and polymerase chain reaction methods were performed using two different sets of primers, targeting the 5' untranslated region and nonstructural 5B region. Target region base sequences were obtained by direct sequencing. Discrepancy in outcomes from phylogenetic analysis of both regions suggests double infections. Of 40 subjects in eight hemodialysis centres, evidence of mixed-genotypes infections was found in 5 subjects (12.5%) from three different centres. Four patients were infected with mixed genotypes 3 and 1 and one with genotypes 3 and 4. Cases of mixed HCV genotypes infection were considered high among hemodialysis patients in Pahang. However, further investigation is needed to confirm whether they are true mixed infections or perhaps infection with recombinant virus and also to assess the clinicopathologic characteristics of the infection.
Fulltext Adult Bochadalek hernia complicated with perforated gastric ulcer: preoperative diagnosis with multiplanar CT

Faizah MZ, Sharifah MI, Johoruddin K, Juliana AL

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Oct;66(4):367-8.
PMID: 22299562 MyJurnal
Fulltext Diffuse peritoneal lymphomatosis simulating peritoneal carcinomatosis

Sharifah MI, Zamzami NA, Rafeah TN

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Aug;66(3):270-2.
PMID: 22111459 MyJurnal

Burkitt's lymphoma is a form of Non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma. We report a case of Burkitt's lymphoma mimicking peritoneal carcinomatosis. We will discuss the imaging and clinical findings that differentiate between peritoneal carcinomatosis and Burkitt's lymphoma. A 26-year-old man presented with nonspecific abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea associated with significant amount of loss of weight. Computed tomography images showed extensive peritoneal and mesenteric mass associated generalized lymphadenopathy. Core biopsy of the mass confirmed Burkitt's lymphoma. CT scan features are helpful indicator to differentiate Burkitt's lymphoma and peritoneal carcinomatosis. Focal or diffuse nodular thickening of the bowel wall with extensive lymphadenopathy are likely to be lymphomatosis over carcinomatosis. However, final and confirmatory diagnosis is histopathology examination.
Fulltext Oral nifedipine versus intravenous labetalol for acute blood pressure control in hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy: a randomised trial

Raheem IA, Saaid R, Omar SZ, Tan PC

BJOG, 2012 Jan;119(1):78-85.
PMID: 21985500 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2011.03151.x

To compare oral nifedipine with intravenous labetalol in their rapidity to control hypertensive emergencies of pregnancy.
Longitudinal study of dental caries increment in Malaysian school children: a 5-year cohort study

Masood M, Yusof N, Hassan MI, Jaafar N

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2014 May;26(3):260-7.
PMID: 22218936 DOI: 10.1177/1010539511420704

The aim of this 5-year longitudinal cohort study was to assess the prevalence, severity, and trends in caries increment and impact of the School Dental Incremental Care Programme (SDICP). Data were gathered from school dental records as part of the SDICP. A sample of 1830 children were included and checked for caries experience annually using World Health Organization criteria. In total, 95.4% of the children were caries free in 2004, and caries experience declined to 70.5% in 2009 with an average of 4.9% annually. At baseline, the mean DMFT (confidence interval [CI]) was 0.06 (0.05-0.08) and increased to 0.58 (0.53-0.63) in 2009. Children with active caries were 4.4% in 2004, and figures rose to 9.6% in 2009. The FT component increased most rapidly during these 5 years from 0.2% to 25.1%. Overall caries prevalence and increment was low in this study. Proportions of FT component were higher as compared with DT component with low rate of extractions during the latter years of the study.
Preparation of oil palm empty fruit bunch-based activated carbon for removal of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol: optimization using response surface methodology

Hameed BH, Tan IA, Ahmad AL

J Hazard Mater, 2009 May 30;164(2-3):1316-24.
PMID: 18977086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.042

The effects of three preparation variables: CO(2) activation temperature, CO(2) activation time and KOH:char impregnation ratio (IR) on the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) uptake and carbon yield of the activated carbon prepared from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) were investigated. Based on the central composite design, two quadratic models were developed to correlate the three preparation variables to the two responses. The activated carbon preparation conditions were optimized using response surface methodology by maximizing both the 2,4,6-TCP uptake and activated carbon yield within the ranges studied. The optimum conditions for preparing activated carbon from EFB for adsorption of 2,4,6-TCP were found as follows: CO(2) activation temperature of 814 degrees C, CO(2) activation time of 1.9h and IR of 2.8, which resulted in 168.89 mg/g of 2,4,6-TCP uptake and 17.96% of activated carbon yield. The experimental results obtained agreed satisfactorily with the model predictions. The activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions was mesoporous with BET surface area of 1141 m(2)/g, total pore volume of 0.6 cm(3)/g and average pore diameter of 2.5 nm. The surface morphology and functional groups of the activated carbon were respectively determined from the scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis.
Structural and thermal characterizations of silica nanoparticles grafted with pendant maleimide and epoxide groups

Vejayakumaran P, Rahman IA, Sipaut CS, Ismail J, Chee CK

J Colloid Interface Sci, 2008 Dec 1;328(1):81-91.
PMID: 18822418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.08.054

Grafting of free maleimide and epoxide pendant groups onto the surface of approximately 7-nm silica nanoparticles was investigated. Glycidyloxypropyl groups (3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane) that carried epoxide groups and aminopropyl groups were grafted to the silica surface with the help of condensation reactions. Maleimide groups [1,1(')-(methylenedi-4,1-phenelene) bismaleimide] were introduced to the silica surface via nucleophilic addition reaction with the aminopropyl groups pre-grafted onto the surface. The grafted silica samples were characterized using CHN, FTIR, DSC, TGA-FTIR, and 13C and 29Si CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy. NMR analyses revealed that all the functional groups were covalently bonded to the silica surface and most of the maleimide and epoxide rings remained intact on surface. DSC analysis showed that the epoxide groups were more reactive than the maleimide groups.
Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, thermodynamics and desorption studies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on oil palm empty fruit bunch-based activated carbon

Tan IA, Ahmad AL, Hameed BH

J Hazard Mater, 2009 May 30;164(2-3):473-82.
PMID: 18818013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.025

The adsorption characteristics of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) on activated carbon prepared from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) were evaluated. The effects of TCP initial concentration, agitation time, solution pH and temperature on TCP adsorption were investigated. TCP adsorption uptake was found to increase with increase in initial concentration, agitation time and solution temperature whereas adsorption of TCP was more favourable at acidic pH. The adsorption equilibrium data were best represented by the Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson isotherms. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The mechanism of the adsorption process was determined from the intraparticle diffusion model. Boyd plot revealed that the adsorption of TCP on the activated carbon was mainly governed by particle diffusion. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard enthalpy (DeltaH degrees ), standard entropy (DeltaS degrees ), standard free energy (DeltaG degrees ) and activation energy were determined. The regeneration efficiency of the spent activated carbon was high, with TCP desorption of 99.6%.
Optimization of basic dye removal by oil palm fibre-based activated carbon using response surface methodology

Hameed BH, Tan IA, Ahmad AL

J Hazard Mater, 2008 Oct 30;158(2-3):324-32.
PMID: 18329169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.088

Oil palm fibre was used to prepare activated carbon using physiochemical activation method which consisted of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment and carbon dioxide (CO(2)) gasification. The effects of three preparation variables: the activation temperature, activation time and chemical impregnation (KOH:char) ratio on methylene blue (MB) uptake from aqueous solutions and activated carbon yield were investigated. Based on the central composite design (CCD), a quadratic model and a two factor interaction (2FI) model were respectively developed to correlate the preparation variables to the MB uptake and carbon yield. From the analysis of variance (ANOVA), the significant factors on each experimental design response were identified. The optimum activated carbon prepared from oil palm fibre was obtained by using activation temperature of 862 degrees C, activation time of 1h and chemical impregnation ratio of 3.1. The optimum activated carbon showed MB uptake of 203.83 mg/g and activated carbon yield of 16.50%. The equilibrium data for adsorption of MB on the optimum activated carbon were well represented by the Langmuir isotherm, giving maximum monolayer adsorption capacity as high as 400mg/g at 30 degrees C.
The prevalence of enamel opacities in permanent teeth of 11-12 year-old school children in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Yusoff N, Jaafar N, Razak IA, Chew YY, Ismail N, Bulgiba AM

Community Dent Health, 2008 Mar;25(1):55-8.
PMID: 18435236

To determine the prevalence, distribution, severity and treatment need of enamel opacities among 11-12 year-old school children in a fluoridated urban community.

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