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In-silico analysis and mRNA modulation of detoxification enzymes GST delta and kappa against various biotic and abiotic oxidative stressors

Chaurasia MK, Ravichandran G, Nizam F, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Arshad A, et al.

Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2016 Jul;54:353-63.
PMID: 27109581 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.04.031

This study reports the comprehensive comparative information of two different detoxification enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) delta and kappa from freshwater giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (designated as MrGSTD and MrGSTK) by investigating their in-silico characters and mRNA modulation against various biotic and abiotic oxidative stressors. The physico-chemical properties of these cDNA and their polypeptide structure were analyzed using various bioinformatics program. The analysis indicated the variation in size of the polypeptides, presence or absence of domains and motifs and structure. Homology and phylogenetic analysis revealed that MrGSTD shared maximum identity (83%) with crustaceans GST delta, whereas MrGSTK fell in arthropods GST kappa. It is interesting to note that MrGSTD and MrGSTK shared only 21% identity; it indicated their structural difference. Structural analysis indicated that MrGSTD to be canonical dimer like shape and MrGSTK appeared to be butterfly dimer like shape, in spite of four β-sheets being conserved in both GSTs. Tissue specific gene expression analysis showed that both MrGSTD and MrGSTK are highly expressed in immune organs such as haemocyte and hepatopancreas, respectively. To understand the role of mRNA modulation of MrGSTD and MrGSTK, the prawns were inducted with oxidative stressors such as bacteria (Vibrio harveyi), virus [white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)] and heavy metal, cadmium (Cd). The analysis revealed an interesting fact that both MrGSTD and MrGSTK showed higher (P

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy/toxicity
Functional characterisation and product specificity of Endo-β-1,3-glucanase from alkalophilic bacterium, Bacillus lehensis G1

Jaafar NR, Khoiri NM, Ismail NF, Mahmood NAN, Abdul Murad AM, Abu Bakar FD, et al.

Enzyme Microb Technol, 2020 Oct;140:109625.
PMID: 32912685 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109625

Endo-β-1,3-glucanase from alkalophilic bacterium, Bacillus lehensis G1 (Blg32) composed of 284 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 31.6 kDa is expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Herein, Blg32 characteristics, substrates and product specificity as well as structural traits that might be involved in the production of sugar molecules are analysed. This enzyme functions optimally at the temperature of 70 °C, pH value of 8.0 with its catalytic activity strongly enhanced by Mn2+. Remarkably, the purified enzyme is highly stable in high temperature and alkaline conditions. It exhibits the highest activity on laminarin (376.73 U/mg) followed by curdlan and yeast β-glucan. Blg32 activity increased by 62% towards soluble substrate (laminarin) compared to insoluble substrate (curdlan). Hydrolytic products of laminarin were oligosaccharides with degree of polymerisation (DP) of 1 to 5 with the main product being laminaritriose (DP3). This suggests that the active site of Blg32 could recognise up to five glucose units. High concentration of Blg32 mainly produces glucose whilst low concentration of Blg32 yields oligosaccharides with different DP (predominantly DP3). A theoretical structural model of Blg32 was constructed and structural analysis revealed that Trp156 is involved in multiple hydrophobic stacking interactions. The amino acid was predicted to participate in substrate recognition and binding. It was also exhibited that catalytic groove of Blg32 has a narrow angle, thus limiting the substrate binding reaction. All these properties and knowledge of the subsites are suggested to be related to the possible mode of action of how Blg32 produces glucooligosaccharides.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals/chemistry
Propensity score matched all comers population treated with ultra-thin strut bare metal and sirolimus-probucol coated drug-eluting stents of identical stent architecture

Krackhardt F, Rosli MA, Leschke M, Schneider A, Sperling C, Heang TM, et al.

Catheter Cardiovasc Interv, 2018 06;91(7):1221-1228.
PMID: 28944613 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.27306

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of a polymer-free sirolimus coated, ultrathin strut drug eluting stent (PF-SES) to its uncoated bare-metal stent (BMS) platform of identical stent architecture.
BACKGROUND: Recently published randomized trials comparing BMS to DES with a focus on shortened dual-antiplatelet therapy reported incidences of stent thrombosis (ST) and bleeding complications (LEADERS FREE) in favor of drug eluting stents (DES).
METHODS: Data of previously published large-sale, international, single-armed, multicenter, observational studies of ultra-thin PF-SES, and BMS were propensity score (PS) matched for selected lesion morphological and cardiovascular risk factors to compare target lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction, cardiac death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), bleeding complications and ST rates. Primary endpoint in both studies was TLR at 9 months.
RESULTS: At 9 months the rates of TLR was significantly lower in the PF-SES group as compared with patients treated with the BMS analogue of identical stent design (1.4% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.005). Likewise the 9-month MACE rates were lower in the PF-SES group (3.2% vs. 8.7%, P = 0.001) whereas there were no differences in the accumulated ST rates (0.5% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.109). Overall accumulated bleeding incidences (BARC 1-5) were not significantly different between PF-SES and BMS patients (1.8% vs. 2.7%, p = 0.388).
CONCLUSIONS: PF-SES are superior over analogue BMS of identical stent architecture in daily clinical routine with lower rates of TLR and MACE in a PS-matched, unselected patient population without differences in accumulated ST rates and bleeding frequencies given the currently favored postprocedural comedication (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02629575).

Matched MeSH terms: Metals*
Fulltext Early results of metal on metal articulation total hip arthroplasty in young patients

Mohamad JA, Kwan MK, Merican AM, Abbas AA, Kamari ZH, Hisa MK, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59 Suppl F:3-7.
PMID: 15941153

We report our early experience of 20 cases of metal on metal articulation total hip arthroplasty in 19 young patients. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (63%) was the commonest diagnosis for patients undergoing this procedure, followed by osteoarthritis (21%). In general, most of the patients were young and physically active with an average age of 43.1 years (range, 25 to 58 years). The average follow-up period was 18 months (range, 7 to 46 months). The mean total Harris Hip Score preoperatively and at final follow-up was 31 points and 89 points respectively. The mean total Pain Score improved from an average of 11.5 to 41.1 points at final follow-up. Sixteen (84%) of the patients had a good to excellent hip score. There was one dislocation, which stabilized after reduction and conservative management. One case of early infection underwent a two-staged revision.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
A new cold-adapted, organic solvent stable lipase from mesophilic Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2

Kamarudin NH, Rahman RN, Ali MS, Leow TC, Basri M, Salleh AB

Protein J, 2014 Jun;33(3):296-307.
PMID: 24777627 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-014-9560-3

The gene encoding a cold-adapted, organic solvent stable lipase from a local soil-isolate, mesophilic Staphylococcus epidermidis AT2 was expressed in a prokaryotic system. A two-step purification of AT2 lipase was achieved using butyl sepharose and DEAE sepharose column chromatography. The final recovery and purification fold were 47.09 % and 3.45, respectively. The molecular mass of the purified lipase was estimated to be 43 kDa. AT2 lipase was found to be optimally active at pH 8 and stable at pH 6-9. Interestingly, this enzyme demonstrated remarkable stability at cold temperature (<30 °C) and exhibited optimal activity at a temperature of 25 °C. A significant enhancement of the lipolytic activity was observed in the presence of Ca(2+), Tween 60 and Tween 80. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, a well known serine inhibitor did not cause complete inhibition of the enzymatic activity. AT2 lipase exhibited excellent preferences towards long chain triglycerides and natural oils. The lipolytic activity was stimulated by dimethylsulfoxide and diethyl ether, while more than 50 % of its activity was retained in methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, and n-hexane. Taken together, AT2 lipase revealed highly attractive biochemical properties especially because of its stability at low temperature and in organic solvents.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext Chemical composition and anti-proliferative properties of flowers of Clitoria Ternatea

Neda, G.D., Rabeta, M.S., Ong, M.T.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(3):1229-1234.
MyJurnal

Aqueous and methanol extracts of the flowers of Clitoria ternatea (CT), a popularly
plant consumed for blue colour in Nasi Kerabu was selected to explore its cytotoxic
effect on six types of normal and cancer-origin cell lines. These included the hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), non-hormone-dependent breast cancer cell
line (MDA-MB-231), human ovary cancer cell line (Caov-3), human cervical cancer cell line (Hela), human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) and human foreskin fibroblast cell line (Hs27). The anti-proliferation activities of the extracts were examined by employing colorimetric MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay through time periods of 24, 48 and 72 hours. Preliminary results showed that the water extracted of CT had significant effects (p < 0.05) against MCF-7 with an IC50 value of 175.35 µg/ml. Furthermore, the aqueous and methanolic extracts were investigated by Gas Chromatogram-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS chromatogram analysis of the water extracted had shown five peaks that represented components in the water extract namely mome inositol (38.7%) and pentanal (14.3%). Fifteen chemical constituents were identified in the methanol extract and the major chemical constituents were mome inositol (33.6%), cyclohexen, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylideme)- (7.1%), acetic acid, cyano- (6.5%) and hirsutene (5.7%). Heavy metals tested were at very low levels. The analysis conducted on the flowers provides a strong basis for emphasizing the medicinal and nutritional value of CT.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
The effect of oral contraceptives in Malaysians: 1. iron metabolism and erythropoiesis

Jaffar Ali, Hamid Arshat, Khalid Hassan, Noor Laily Abu Bakar

Malays J Reprod Health, 1983 Jan;1(1):60-8.
PMID: 12279891
Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Biophysical and computational characterization of vandetanib-lysozyme interaction

Kabir MZ, Hamzah NAB, Ghani H, Mohamad SB, Alias Z, Tayyab S

Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc, 2018 Jan 15;189:485-494.
PMID: 28843881 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.08.051

Interaction of an anticancer drug, vandetanib (VDB) with a ligand transporter, lysozyme (LYZ) was explored using multispectroscopic techniques, such as fluorescence, absorption and circular dichroism along with computational analysis. Fluorescence data and absorption results confirmed VDB-LYZ complexation. VDB-induced quenching was characterized as static quenching based on inverse correlation of KSV with temperature as well as kq values. The complex was characterized by the weak binding constant (Ka=4.96-3.14×103M-1). Thermodynamic data (ΔS=+12.82Jmol-1K-1; ΔH=-16.73kJmol-1) of VDB-LYZ interaction revealed participation of hydrophobic and van der Waals forces along with hydrogen bonds in VDB-LYZ complexation. Microenvironmental perturbations around tryptophan and tyrosine residues as well as secondary and tertiary structural alterations in LYZ upon addition of VDB were evident from the 3-D fluorescence, far- and near-UV CD spectral analyses, respectively. Interestingly, addition of VDB to LYZ significantly increased protein's thermostability. Molecular docking results suggested the location of VDB binding site near the LYZ active site while molecular dynamics simulation results suggested stability of VDB-LYZ complex. Presence of Mg2+, Ba2+ and Zn2+ was found to interfere with VDB-LYZ interaction.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
In-stent restenosis: the gold standard has changed

Chin K

EuroIntervention, 2011 May;7 Suppl K:K43-6.
PMID: 22027726 DOI: 10.4244/EIJV7SKA7

In-stent restenosis remains an important issue even in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era today. In recent years, drug-eluting balloons (DEB) have emerged as a potential alternative to the treatment of in-stent restenosis. Paclitaxel was identified as the primary drug for DEB because of its rapid uptake and prolonged retention. Non-stent-based local drug delivery using DEB maintains the antiproliferation properties of DES, but without the limitations of DES such as subacute stent thrombosis, stent fractures, prolonged antiplatelet therapy and more importantly, avoiding a "stent-in-a-stent" approach. The first major impact of drug-eluting balloon (DEB) in the management of bare metal instent restenosis was the "PACCOCATH ISR I" randomised trial, comparing the efficacy of drug-eluting balloon versus uncoated balloon. The six months angiographic results showed a binary restenosis of 5% and 4% MACE in the drug-eluting balloon group, compared with 43% binary restenosis and 31% MACE, in the uncoated balloon group (p=0.002 and 0.02). The second major DEB trial is the "PEPCAD II Trial", comparing the efficacy of the SeQuent Please DEB with the Taxus drug-eluting stent in the treatment of bare-metal stent instent restenosis. At 6-month follow-up, in-segment late lumen loss was 0.38 ± 0.61 mm in the DES group versus 0.17 ± 0.42 mm (p=0.03) in the DEB group, resulting in a binary restenosis rate of 12/59 (20%) versus 4/57 (7%; p=0.06). At 12 months, MACE rates were 22% in the Taxus group and 9% in the DEB group (P=0.08). The TLR at 12 months was 15% in the Taxus group and 6% in the DEB group (p=0.15). Based on these two pivotal trials, the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2010) recommended that DEB should be considered for the treatment of in-stent restenosis after prior bare-metal stent. This was accorded a class 2 IIa indication, with a level B evidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext Antimicrobial gauze as a dressing reduces pin site infection: a randomized controlled trial

Lee CK, Chua YP, Saw A

Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2012 Feb;470(2):610-5.
PMID: 21842299 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-011-1990-z

Pin site infection is a common problem in external fixation. Plain gauze wetted with normal saline is commonly used for a pin site dressing owing to the simplicity and low cost. Evidence to support adding an antimicrobial agent in the dressing material is lacking.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Electrolyte profile of Malaysian mothers' milk

Alaudeen S, Muslim N, Faridah K, Azman A, Arshat H

Malays J Reprod Health, 1988 Dec;6(2):102-7.
PMID: 12342169

PIP: The influence of socioeconomic status (ethnicity, income and parity) on electrolyte composition (sodium and potassium) in human milk is little known. We have thus quantitatively analyzed approximately 700 samples of milk (1-90 days postpartum) obtained from healthy Malaysian mothers' (Malay, Chinese and Indians) of full term infants. Results show that the mean concentration (mmol/l) of sodium is highest (48.2+or-1.7, Mean+or-SEM) in the Malaysian mothers' colostrum and this value decreased by 30% in their transitional milk and remained constant throughout subsequent days of lactation (mature milk). Ethnically, it is found that the level of sodium in colostrum of Malay and Chinese mothers were similar while the Indian mothers' colostrum showed apparently higher value (52.7+or-3.4 mmol/l) that is statistically insignificant. The transitional milk of all 3 ethnic groups studied exhibited similar levels of sodium. On subsequent days of lactation (mature milk) the Malay mothers exhibited lowest concentration (25.9+or-2.6 mmol/l) of sodium that is significantly (P0.05) different from that of Chinese and Indian mothers. Income and parity do not significantly affect the sodium level in Malaysian mothers' milk during all stages of lactation studied. The level of potassium, however did not change significantly with days of lactation. Like sodium, potassium too was not influenced by income and parity. (Author's).

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext Nutritional anemia in pregnancy: a study at the maternity hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Tee ES, Kandiah M, Ali J, Kandiah V, Zahari MR, Kuladevan R, et al.

Malays J Reprod Health, 1984 Jun;2(1):32-50.
PMID: 12267519

The study presents recent data on the prevalence and pattern of nutritional anemia in the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. A total of 309 pregnant women in their third trimester, of Malay, Chinese and Indian origin from the lower socio-economic strata were randomly selected for the study. Hematological indices (including Hb, PCV, MCHC, and TRBC), serum iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin, serum folate as well as protein and albumin were determined. Based on Hb and PCV values, 30-40 percent of the women could be considered anemic; approximately 50 percent of them presented with unsatisfactory serum iron, transferrin saturation and ferritin values; 60.9 percent had low serum folate levels; and about 30 percent may be considered to be of poor protein nutriture. Anemia in the study population was seen to be related mostly to iron and to a lesser extent, folate deficiency. Hematological, iron, folate and protein status was observed to be the poorest amongst the Indian women, better in the Malay group and generally the best amongst the Chinese women. Birth records of 169 of these women revealed that all of them had live births. Nearly all the infants were delivered by normal vaginal delivery (NVD) The mean gestational age was 38.6 weeks. One of the infants had a birth weight of <2.0 kg; incidence of low birth weight, <2.5 kg, was 8.3 percent. Although there was a trend of deteriorating hematological, iron and protein status of women from the 0, 1 -3 and >=4 parity groups, these differences were not statlstlcally significant.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals

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