Displaying publications 661 - 680 of 1036 in total

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  1. Lim AY, Segarra I, Chakravarthi S, Akram S, Judson JP
    BMC Pharmacol., 2010;10:14.
    PMID: 20950441 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2210-10-14
    BACKGROUND: Sunitinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor to treat GIST and mRCC may interact with paracetamol as both undergo P450 mediated biotransformation and P-glycoprotein transport. This study evaluates the effects of sunitinib-paracetamol coadministration on liver and renal function biomarkers and liver, kidney, brain, heart and spleen histopathology. ICR male mice (n = 6 per group/dose) were administered saline (group-A) or paracetamol 500 mg/kg IP (group-B), or sunitinib at 25, 50, 80, 100, 140 mg/kg PO (group-C) or coadministered sunitinib at 25, 50, 80, 100, 140 mg/kg PO and paracetamol IP at fixed dose 500 mg/kg (group-D). Paracetamol was administered 15 min before sunitinib. Mice were sacrificed 4 h post sunitinib administration.
    RESULTS: Group-A serum ALT and AST levels were 14.29 ± 2.31 U/L and 160.37 ± 24.74 U/L respectively and increased to 249.6 ± 222.7 U/L and 377.1 ± 173.6 U/L respectively in group-B; group-C ALT and AST ranged 36.75-75.02 U/L and 204.4-290.3 U/L respectively. After paracetamol coadministration with low sunitinib doses (group-D), ALT and AST concentrations ranged 182.79-221.03 U/L and 259.7-264.4 U/L respectively, lower than group-B. Paracetamol coadministration with high sunitinib doses showed higher ALT and AST values (range 269.6-349.2 U/L and 430.2-540.3 U/L respectively), p < 0.05. Hepatic histopathology showed vascular congestion in group-B; mild congestion in group-C (but lesser than in group-B and D). In group-D, at low doses of sunitinib, lesser damage than in group-B occurred but larger changes including congestion were observed at high sunitinib doses. BUN levels were higher (p < 0.05) for group-B (33.81 ± 5.68 mg/dL) and group-D (range 35.01 ± 6.95 U/L to 52.85 ± 12.53 U/L) compared to group-A (15.60 ± 2.17 mg/dL) and group-C (range 17.50 ± 1.25 U/L to 26.68 ± 6.05 U/L). Creatinine remained unchanged. Renal congestion and necrosis was lower in group-C than group-B but was higher in group-D (p > 0.05). Mild cardiotoxicity occurred in groups B, C and D. Brain vascular congestion occurred at high doses of sunitinib administered alone or with paracetamol. Hepatic and renal biomarkers correlated with histopathology signs.
    CONCLUSIONS: Paracetamol and sunitinib coadministration may lead to dose dependent outcomes exhibiting mild hepatoprotective effect or increased hepatotoxicity. Sunitinib at high doses show renal, cardiac and brain toxicity. Liver and renal function monitoring is recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/drug effects; Kidney/metabolism; Kidney/pathology
  2. Hassan Y, Al-Ramahi RJ, Aziz NA, Ghazali R
    Ann Pharmacother, 2009 Oct;43(10):1598-605.
    PMID: 19776297 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1M187
    Appropriate drug selection and dosing for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important to avoid unwanted drug effects and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/drug therapy*; Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology; Kidney Function Tests
  3. Wong KT, Robertson T, Ong BB, Chong JW, Yaiw KC, Wang LF, et al.
    Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 2009 Jun;35(3):296-305.
    PMID: 19473296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.00991.x
    To study the pathology of two cases of human Hendra virus infection, one with no clinical encephalitis and one with relapsing encephalitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/blood supply; Kidney/pathology; Kidney/virology
  4. Abdulla MH, Sattar MA, Salman IM, Abdullah NA, Ameer OZ, Khan MA, et al.
    Auton Autacoid Pharmacol, 2008 Apr-Jul;28(2-3):87-94.
    PMID: 18598290 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-8673.2008.00421.x
    1 This study was undertaken to characterize the renal responses to acute unilateral renal denervation in anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by examining the effect of acute unilateral renal denervation on the renal hemodynamic responses to a set of vasoactive agents and renal nerve stimulation. 2 Twenty-four male SHR rats underwent acute unilateral renal denervation and the denervation was confirmed by significant drop (P < 0.05) in renal vasoconstrictor response to renal nerve stimulation along with marked diuresis and natriuresis following denervation. After 7 days treatment with losartan, the overnight fasted rats were anaesthetized (sodium pentobarbitone, 60 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and renal vasoconstrictor experiments were performed. The changes in the renal vasoconstrictor responses were determined in terms of reductions in renal blood flow caused by renal nerve stimulation or intrarenal administration of noradrenaline, phenylephrine, methoxamine and angiotensin II. 3 The data showed that there was significantly (all P < 0.05) increased renal vascular responsiveness to the vasoactive agents in denervated rats compared to those with intact renal nerves. In losartan-treated denervated SHR rats, there were significant (all P < 0.05) reductions in the renal vasoconstrictor responses to neural stimuli and vasoactive agents as compared with that of untreated denervated SHR rats. 4 The data obtained in denervated rats suggested an enhanced sensitivity of the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors to adrenergic agonists and possible increase of AT(1) receptors functionality in the renal vasculature of these rats. These data also suggested a possible interaction between sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin system in terms of a crosstalk relationship between renal AT(1) and alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtypes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/blood supply; Kidney/innervation; Kidney/physiology*
  5. Khan AH, Sattar MA, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2007 Aug 13;569(1-2):110-8.
    PMID: 17559832
    This study investigated whether the alpha(1)-adrenoceptor subtype(s) mediating the vasoconstrictor actions of the renal sympathetic nerves were altered in rats with cisplatin-induced renal failure. Male Wistar Kyoto rats were used and half received cisplatin (5 mg/kg i.p.) to induce renal failure and were taken for study 7 days later. The renal blood flow reductions caused by electrical renal nerve stimulation and close intra-renal administration of noradrenaline, phenylephrine and methoxamine were determined before and after amlodopine (AMP), 5-methylurapidil (MeU), chloroethylclonidine (CEC) or BMY 7378. Water intake and creatinine clearance were decreased (P<0.05) by 40-50% while fractional excretion of sodium was increased two-fold in the cisplatin treated rats. Mean arterial pressure was higher, 110+/-2 versus 102+/-3 mmHg and renal blood flow was lower, 10.7+/-0.9 versus 18.9+/-0.1 ml/min/kg in the renal failure rats (both P<0.05). AMP, MeU and BMY 7378 decreased (all P<0.05) the adrenergically induced renal vasoconstrictor responses in the renal failure groups by 30 to 50% and in normal rats by 20 to 40%. In the presence of CEC, renal nerve stimulation and noradrenaline and methoxamine induced renal vasoconstrictor responses were enhanced (all P<0.05) in the renal failure but not in the normal rats. These data showed that alpha(1A)- and alpha(1D)-adrenoceptors were the major subtypes in mediating adrenergically induced renal vasoconstriction but there was no substantial shift in subtype in renal failure. The contribution of alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor subtypes either pre- or post-synaptic appeared to be raised in the renal failure rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/blood supply; Kidney/innervation; Kidney/physiopathology*
  6. Hye Khan MA, Abdul Sattar M, Abdullah NA, Johns EJ
    Exp. Toxicol. Pathol., 2007 Nov;59(3-4):253-60.
    PMID: 17764917
    The pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced renal failure is related to reduced renal blood flow due to severe tubular damage and enhanced renovascular resistance. It is also known that alpha(1)-adrenoceptors, the major subtype of alpha-adrenoceptors in renal vasculature play the pivotal role in regulating renal hemodynamics. With this background, we have hypothesized that the altered renal hemodynamics and enhanced renovascular resistance in cisplatin-induced renal failure might be caused by the altered alpha-adrenergic responsiveness with a possible involvement of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in the renal vasculature. In a unique experimental approach with anesthetized rats, this study has therefore examined if there is any shift in the renovascular responsiveness to renal nerve stimulation and a series of alpha-adrenergic agonists in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats with cisplatin-induced renal failure in comparison with their body weight-matched normal controls. Thirty-two male rats of both WKY (n=16) and SHR (n=16) origin with body weight 236+/-7.9 g received cisplatin (5mg/kg i.p.). The renal failure was confirmed in terms of significantly reduced renal blood flow, reduced creatinine clearance, increased fractional excretion of sodium, increased kidney index (all P<0.05) and tubular damage. After 7 days of cisplatin, the overnight fasted rats were anesthetized (sodium pentobarbitone, 60 mg/kg i.p.) and renal vasoconstrictor experiments were done. The changes in the vasoconstrictor responses were determined in terms of reductions in renal blood flow caused by electrical renal nerve stimulation or intrarenal administration of noradrenaline, phenylephrine and methoxamine. It was observed that in the cisplatin-treated renal failure WKY and SHR rats there were significant (all P<0.05) reductions in the renal blood flow along with significantly (P<0.05) higher renal adrenergic responsiveness as compared with their non-renal failure controls. The data showed that in the renal failure WKY and SHR rats, the altered renal hemodynamics might be caused by an augmented renal adrenergic responsiveness. The results obtained further led us to suggest that the augmented renal adrenergic responsiveness in the cisplatin-induced renal failure rats were possibly mediated by the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/blood supply; Kidney/drug effects*; Kidney/innervation
  7. Seng WK, Hwang SJ, Han DC, Teong CC, Chan J, Burke TA, et al.
    Nephrology (Carlton), 2005 Oct;10(5):520-4.
    PMID: 16221106
    To evaluate losartan and conventional antihypertensive therapy (CT) compared with CT alone on the cost associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/drug therapy; Kidney Failure, Chronic/economics; Kidney Failure, Chronic/prevention & control
  8. Sahathevan S, Se CH, Ng SH, Chinna K, Harvinder GS, Chee WS, et al.
    BMC Nephrol, 2015;16:99.
    PMID: 26149396 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-015-0073-x
    Poor appetite could be indicative of protein energy wasting (PEW) and experts recommend assessing appetite in dialysis patients. Our study aims to determine the relationship between PEW and appetite in haemodialysis (HD) patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism; Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology; Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy*
  9. Hajeb P, Sloth JJ, Shakibazadeh S, Mahyudin NA, Afsah-Hejri L
    Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf, 2014 Jul;13(4):457-472.
    PMID: 33412705 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12068
    Toxic elements such as mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and lead, sometimes called heavy metals, can diminish mental and central nervous system function; elicit damage to blood composition as well as the kidneys, lungs, and liver; and reduce energy levels. Food is considered one of the main routes of their entry into the human body. Numerous studies have been performed to examine the effects of common food processing procedures on the levels of toxic elements in food. While some studies have reported negative effects of processing, several have shown that processing practices may have a positive effect on the reduction of toxic elements in foodstuffs. A number of studies have also introduced protocols and suggested chemical agents that reduce the amount of toxic elements in the final food products. In this review, the reported methods employed for the reduction of toxic elements are discussed with particular emphasis on the chemical binding of both the organic and inorganic forms of each element in various foods. The molecular groups and the ligands by which the food products bind with the metals and the types of these reactions are also presented.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
  10. Chand R, Tandukar S, Asmil S, Chico M
    Cureus, 2020 Aug 07;12(8):e9599.
    PMID: 32923203 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9599
    An adrenal incidentaloma is defined as an adrenal mass measuring at least 1 cm that is discovered surreptitiously in an imaging study done for reasons other than the evaluation of adrenal disease. The increase in the prevalence of adrenal incidentalomas has paralleled the increase in diagnostic imaging done for evaluation of other abdominal pathologies. However, most of these adrenal incidentalomas are benign non-hyperfunctioning adenomas. When an adrenal incidentaloma is discovered, the simultaneous presence of hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, mild hypernatremia, and mild to severe drug-resistant hypertension may alert a clinician to underlying primary hyperaldosteronism. We present a case of adrenal incidentaloma noted in a patient with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis which presented a diagnostic challenge due to the correction of metabolic parameters with hemodialysis. The patient was found to have an aldosterone-producing adenoma based on an elevated aldosterone-to-renin ratio and was started on a mineralocorticoid antagonist.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  11. Nayak SB, Kodimajalu Vasudeva S
    Heliyon, 2020 Sep;6(9):e05014.
    PMID: 32995649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05014
    Testicular veins are known to show many variations in their origin, course and termination. Some of their variations can lead to male sterility. We report a unique variation of right testicular vein here. Pampiniform plexus reduced to three testicular veins (medial, middle and lateral) at the deep inguinal ring on the right side. The medial vein terminated into the right renal vein, the middle vein terminated into the inferior vena cava above the level of right renal vein (close to the suprarenal gland) and the lateral vein terminated partly into the veins in the capsules of the kidney and partly into the veins under the diaphragm. The medial and middle testicular veins were connected through an oblique communicating vein. The middle and lateral testicular veins were also connected to each other through another oblique communicating vein. Knowledge of this case could be useful to radiologists, nephrologists and surgeons in general.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney
  12. Fatin Afifah Rosli, Mohd Rahman Omar, Abdul Aziz Marwan, Ummu Aiman Faisal, Hana Maizuliana Solehan, Ummi Affah Mahamad, et al.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction:Tropical herbs are used as a medicine long before the introduction of modern medicine, especially by traditional healers. However, its’ scientific benefits are not widely investigated. There is a belief that the use of tradi-tional herbs potentially causing health deterioration due to its unknown mechanism of actions and interactions, and the nature of its unregulated processing as a health supplement. Parkia speciosa (local: petai) and Pithecellobium jir-inga (local: jering) are two tropical herbs from the Leguminosae family that are widely used raw as salads with many perceived health benefits and harms. We reviewed both species, looking into scientific pieces of evidence supporting the belief. Methods: The databases of MEDLINE, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholars were systematically searched for both in vitro and in vivo effects of both species with no language restriction. Data were extracted using standardised fashioned. Results:P speciosa has pharmacological properties including antioxidant and anti-inflam-mation. It has shown to have antibacterial properties and glucose-lowering activity. P jiringa contains known an-tioxidant metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics and terpenoids. It also contains antiangiogenic properties with potential use in retinopathy, cancer, and Rheumatoid arthritis. However, both herbs have potentially harmful effects which include liver injuries. Large consumption of P jiringa leads to acute kidney injury. Conclusion: Consumption of both P speciosa and P jiringa has medicinal properties as well as health harm. If taken as a supplement, rigorous clinical trials are needed to delineate benefit vs harm effect of both herbs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury
  13. Ali AA, Gurung R, Fuad ZM, Moosa M, Ali I, Abdulla A, et al.
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2020 Oct;58:76-79.
    PMID: 32953103 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.08.021
    Background: Gastric trichobezoar happens when there is an indigestible substance or food found in the gastrointestinal tract. It is a rare presentation which is usually associated with trichotillomania and trichopagia. The presentation may not be specific and is usually related to dyspepsia-like symptoms. In the worst-case scenario, this may cause gastric outlet or intestinal obstruction which eventually requires surgery.

    Case presentation: We present a 36-year-old lady with underlying end-stage renal failure (ESRF) and undiagnosed mental health issues who was treated for recurrent episodes of gastritis. Imaging modalities revealed intragastric foreign body ingestion which is consistent with gastric trichobezoar. She eventually underwent laparotomy and gastrotomy to remove the foreign body. Postoperatively, she was referred and followed-up by the psychiatric team.

    Conclusion: Gastric trichobezoar has strong associations with psychiatric disorders. With the co-existence of an ESRF, uraemia might contribute to the aetiology of the trichotillomania and trichophagia. Open surgery is the choice of definitive management especially if bezoars are larger. Should the recurrence be remitted, a biopsychosocial modality and regular haemodialysis is the most sustainable approach to ensure the behaviour does not persist.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  14. Afzal S, Sattar MA, Johns EJ, Abdulla MH, Akhtar S, Hashmi F, et al.
    J Physiol Biochem, 2016 Dec;72(4):593-604.
    PMID: 27405250
    Adiponectin exerts vasodilatory effects. Irbesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, possesses partial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) agonist activity and increases circulating adiponectin. This study explored the effect of irbesartan alone and in combination with adiponectin on blood pressure, renal hemodynamic excretory function, and vasoactive responses to angiotensin II and adrenergic agonists in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Irbesartan was given orally (30 mg/kg/day) for 28 days and adiponectin intraperitoneally (2.5 μg/kg/day) for last 7 days. Groups of SHR received either irbesartan or adiponectin or in combination. A group of Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) served as controls. Metabolic data and plasma samples were taken on days 0, 21, and 28. In acute studies, the renal vasoconstrictor actions of angiotensin II (ANGII), noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE), and methoxamine (ME) were determined. SHR control rats had a higher mean blood pressure than the WKY (132 ± 7 vs. 98 ± 2 mmHg), lower plasma and urinary adiponectin, creatinine clearance, urine flow rate and sodium excretion, and oxidative stress markers compared to WKY (all P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/drug effects*; Kidney/metabolism; Kidney/physiopathology
  15. Khalilpourfarshbafi M, Hajiaghaalipour F, Selvarajan KK, Adam A
    Tissue Eng Regen Med, 2017 Jun;14(3):201-210.
    PMID: 30603477 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0026-5
    Injury to podocytes is an early event in diabetic nephropathy leading to proteinuria with possible progression to end-stage renal failure. The podocytes are unique and highly specialized cells that cover the outer layer of kidney ultra-filtration barrier and play an important role in glomerular function. In the past few decades, adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a regenerative and differentiative capacity have been extensively used in cell-based therapies. In addition to their capability for regeneration and differentiation, MSCs contributes to their milieu by paracrine action of a series of growth factors via antiapoptotic, mitogenic and other cytokine actions that actively participate in treatment of podocyte damage through prevention of podocyte effacement, detachment and apoptosis. It is hoped that novel stem cell-based therapies will be developed in the future to prevent podocyte injury, thereby reducing the burden of kidney disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  16. Jha C, Ullas Kamath S, Dash S, Prabhu Attur R, Ramachandra L, Shenoy Kallya R
    Rep Biochem Mol Biol, 2019 Apr;8(1):72-78.
    PMID: 31334291
    Background: Following contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) may occur in patients with renal insufficiency or diabetes. Creatinine, the most common marker of CIN, may not be an accurate measure of damage and is affected by many non-renal factors. Our aim was to evaluate ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) as an early CIN marker and correlate it with paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) and creatinine before and after CECT.

    Methods: Forty-eight adult patients scheduled for intravenous CECT, regardless of indication or body region for CECT, were included in this prospective study. Venous blood samples were obtained 12-24 hours before and after contrast media (CM) administration. Ischemia-modified albumin and PON-1 were estimated using methods described by Bar-Or et al. and Dantoine et.al., respectively. Creatinine was estimated on an automated analyzer.

    Results: Significant differences in IMA (P < 0.001) and PON-1 (P < 0.001) levels were found between pre- and post-CECT samples, while the difference for creatinine was not significant (p = 0.073). No correlation was found between IMA and PON-1 or IMA and creatinine in either the pre- or post-CECT samples.

    Conclusion: After CM administration patients are subjected to oxidative stress and/or ischemia, as revealed by elevated IMA and decreased PON-1 levels; however, creatinine levels, most commonly estimated to assess reduced renal function, did not reflect the condition accurately. IMA may be a sensitive marker for CIN but further studies are required to confirm its usefulness.

    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Diseases
  17. Rabiatul Adawiyah Umar, Nurul 'Adani Sanusi, Mohd Nizam Zahary, Mohd Adzim Khalili Rohin, Salwani Ismail
    MyJurnal
    Piper betel is a member of the family Piperaceae, commonly known as Sirih (Malaysia and
    Indonesia), Paan (India and Bangladesh), Betel (English) and Phlu (Thailand). It is widely found and
    grown in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, other Southeast Asian and East African
    countries. Piper betel is widely used throughout the world even in modern days due to its known
    medicinal properties. Betel plant contains various biologically active compounds, which are
    responsible for its numerous pharmacological actions. The therapeutic profile reveals Piper betel to
    have a high potential for treating many diseases and conditions such as chronic renal disease,
    atherosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus. Further studies of betel plant are recommended to focus on
    the variety of metabolic activities in human, thus, improving its usage medically that will be beneficial
    to humanity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Failure, Chronic
  18. Farah, N.A., Johar, M.J., Ismail, M.S.
    Medicine & Health, 2018;13(1):251-258.
    MyJurnal
    Damage control resuscitation, characterized by hemostatic resuscitation with blood products, rapid arrest of bleeding and when possible, permissive hypotension with restricted fluid load form a structured approach in managing a polytrauma patient. When complicated with traumatic rhabdomyolysis however, permissive hypotension strategy may cause more harm resulting in subsequent ischaemicreperfusion injury and acute kidney injury. We present a case involving a 20-yearold man who was rolled over by a lorry and sustained an open unstable pelvic fracture with vascular injury and left lower limb ischaemia. Permissive hypotension strategy was pursued for 4 hours prior to bleeding control in OT. This was followed by protracted surgery of 6 hours. Coagulopathy, acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis ensued in the post-operative period and patient succumbed to his injury on Day 3 post-trauma. Challenges and pitfalls in managing a complex polytrauma patient and recent evidences on damage control resuscitation is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Acute Kidney Injury
  19. Perumal K, Huin WK, Yap NY, Ong TA, Gobe GC, Rajandram R
    Med Hypotheses, 2019 Aug;129:109239.
    PMID: 31371068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109239
    Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the commonest from of renal neoplasm. Although surgery is a successful curative treatment for localized RCC, most patients are diagnosed with advanced or metastatic RCC, which has poor prognosis. RCC is classified by stage and grade using tissue samples. Whilst these provide good prognostic information, they are not very useful for early detection. Proteins that are dysregulated in patient's serum can be a valuable alternative and less invasive biomarker for early detection of the disease. For this reason, a hypothesis was formed that leptin is a possible biomarker for early detection and prognostication of RCC. The literature has disparate results on the usefulness of leptin as a biomarker for the early detection of RCC. Hence, a systematic review and a meta-analysis was carried out to investigate whether serum leptin could be a reliable diagnostic and prognostic factor in RCC patients. Literature on the available cohort and case-control studies on serum leptin in RCC was searched in electronic databases and included to evaluate this adipokine in the progression of RCC. The relevant studies were evaluated for the diagnostic and prognostic value of leptin in RCC patients. Overall, only 6 original research studies matched selection criteria and were included for meta-analysis. This study was hypothesised that; leptin might be a useful biomarker for early detection and prognostication of RCC. However, the data were presented in this study did not support our hypothesis. Serum leptin levels in RCC patients do not strongly associate with the development or progression of RCC, thus cannot act as a biomarker for early detection in RCC in patients. Extending our hypothesis further to include levels of obesity and RCC development may be worthwhile, but studies are currently limited.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms
  20. Ariffin H, Muthukkumaran T, Stanslas J, Sabariah AR, Veerasekaran N, Lin HP
    Leuk Lymphoma, 2005 Aug;46(8):1233-7.
    PMID: 16085568
    We report the clinical features and in vitro chemosensitivity assay findings of a 13-year-old girl who developed secondary B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) 7 years after a diagnosis of Wilms' tumor. The patient was treated using the Berlin - Frankfurt - Muenster (BFM) ALL chemotherapy protocol with poor response to initial therapy before succumbing to sepsis. An in vitro chemosensitivity assay on her peripheral blood lymphoblasts was performed while she was undergoing induction therapy and showed a high level of resistance to drugs commonly used for ALL therapy, e.g. steroids, anthracyclines, vincristine and L-asparaginase. The mechanism of chemoresistance was not elicited, but was probably not related to P-glycoprotein (P-gp) over-expression. We believe that the in vitro chemosensitivity assay is a good indicator of cellular response to chemotherapy and may provide reliable information for the basis of the selection of drugs to be used for the treatment of similarly rare patients rather than relying on "standard" protocols.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/complications*; Kidney Neoplasms/diagnosis; Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
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