MyMedR

Fulltext Qualitative inquiry into premarital sexual behaviours and contraceptive use among multiethnic young women: implications for education and future research

Wong LP

PLoS One, 2012;7(12):e51745.

PMID: 23272156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051745

BACKGROUND: This study was a qualitative investigation into sexual attitudes and behaviours, and contraceptive use among Malaysian youth, based on constructs from the health belief model, theory of reasoned action, and problem behaviour theory.
METHODS: A total of 34 focus group discussions with 185 participants were conducted among the Malay (35%), Chinese (34%), and Indian (31%) young females between November, 2010 and April, 2011. The participants were secondary school students and university undergraduates from Selangor and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur.
RESULTS: The study found a lack of knowledge about sexual issues and contraception among the participants. Many engaged in unprotected sexual intercourse and relied on periodic abstinence, natural methods, and traditional folk pregnancy preventive practices. The findings also revealed numerous categories of factors influencing sexual attitudes and behaviours: ethnic group and religion, level of religiosity, peer pressure and norms, and parental monitoring. With regard to condom use, factors such as embarrassment about condom acquisition, low perceived susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and perceived efficacy of traditional and folk methods of contraception, were uncovered from the discussions.
CONCLUSION: This study underscores the importance of development of culturally specific interventions that address the identified promoting factors of premarital sex. Behavioral interventions to promote condom use should increase awareness about condom effectiveness against not only unwanted pregnancies but also STIs.

Matched MeSH terms: Qualitative Research*

Quality management in Malaysian public health care

Manaf NH

Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv, 2005;18(2-3):204-16.

PMID: 15974516

The main aim of the study is to provide an empirical analysis of quality management practice among Malaysian Ministry of Health hospital employees, ranging from medical specialists to health attendants.

Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research/organization & administration

Hand hygiene compliance in Penang, Malaysia: Human audits versus product usage

Lee YF, Merican H, Nallusamy R, Ong LM, Mohamed Nazir P, Hamzah HB, et al.

Am J Infect Control, 2016 06 01;44(6):e95-7.

PMID: 26897697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2015.12.031

Hand hygiene auditing is mandatory for all Malaysian public hospitals; nonetheless, the burden of auditing is impacting the support and sustainability of the program. We report an alternative method to routinely measure hand hygiene compliance with the aim to test whether alcohol-based handrub purchase data could be used as a proxy for usage because human auditing has decreased validity and reliability inherent in the methodology.

Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research*

Rather than responding to the past, shape the future instead

Kaur S

Am J Bioeth, 2015;15(6):61-3.

PMID: 26030504 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2015.1028668

Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Research/history*

Fulltext Research priorities in epilepsy for the Asia-Oceanian region

Kwan P, Cabral-Lim L, D'Souza W, Jain S, Lee BI, Liao W, et al.

Epilepsia, 2015 May;56(5):667-73.

PMID: 25823580 DOI: 10.1111/epi.12957

The Asia-Oceanian region is the most populous region in the world. Although there has been substantial economic development and improvement in health services in recent years, epilepsy remains generally an underrecognized and understudied condition. To help promote research in the region, the Commission on Asian and Oceanian Affairs (CAOA) of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) appointed the Research Task Force (RTF) to facilitate the development of research priorities for the region. Research that focuses on issues that are unique or of particular importance in the Asia-Oceanian region is encouraged, and that captures the impact of the dynamic socioeconomic changes taking place in the region is emphasized. Based on these considerations, we propose research "dimensions" as priorities within the Asia-Oceanian region. These are studies (1) that would lead to fuller appreciation of the health burden of epilepsy, particularly the treatment gap; (2) that would lead to better understanding of the causes of epilepsy; (3) that would alleviate the psychosocial consequences of epilepsy; (4) that would develop better therapies and improved therapeutic outcomes; and (5) that would improve the research infrastructure.

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

A look at Asia's changing youth population

Xenos P, Kabamalan M, Westley SB

Asia Pac Pop Policy, 1999 Jan.

PMID: 12349008

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

Making women's voices heard: technological change and women's employment in Malaysia

Ng Choon Sim C

Gend Technol Dev, 1999 Jan-Apr;3(1):19-42.

PMID: 12179935

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

Fulltext Do paediatric research presentations at local meetings get published?

Chan PWK, Norzila MZ, Bilkis AA, Mazidad A

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57(4):482-6.

PMID: 12733174

Accessibility of research done locally to clinicians remains limited unless it is in the published form. The publication rate of research presentations at the Annual Malaysian Paediatric Association, Perinatal Society of Malaysia and Academy of Medicine Malaysia in 1997 and 1998 was determined. One hundred and five (95.5%) of 110 research presentations were carried out in Malaysia. Thirty-seven (35.2%) presentations were published. University-affiliated institutions were more likely to publish their research presentations as compared to Ministry of Health hospitals (OR 3.1 95% CI 1.4-6.8, p < 0.01). There is a need to encourage publication of local research presentations. University-affiliated institutions performed better due to institution pressure for career advancement.

Matched MeSH terms: Research/statistics & numerical data*

Relationship between perceived need and treatment received in an adult Malaysian population

Razak IA, Jaafar N

J Ir Dent Assoc, 1988;34(3):95-7.

PMID: 3271816

Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research*

Collaboration efforts in science between Japan and other countries: past, present, and future

Sakai F

Perspect. Biol. Med., 1986;29(3 Pt 2):S57-65.

PMID: 3725555

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

Design considerations in the estimation of intraclass correlation

Donner A, Koval JJ

Ann. Hum. Genet., 1982 07;46(3):271-7.

PMID: 7125598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1982.tb00718.x

The design of family studies to estimate the value of an intraclass correlation coefficient p is considered when ni individuals are to be selected from each of k families, i = 1, 2, ..., k. In particular, the accuracy of a balance design (ni = n, i = 1, 2, ..., k) for estimating p is compared with the accuracy of an unbalanced "natural" design, in which the ni are sampled at random from family size distributions that tend to occur in practice. It is found for two different estimators of p that the balanced design is usually preferable, but only to a small degree if the number of families sampled is greater than 50.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Design*

Contraceptive method switching over women's reproductive careers: evidence from Malaysian life history data, 1940s-70s

DaVanzo J, Reboussin D, Starbird E, Tan BA, Hadi SA

J Biosoc Sci Suppl, 1989;11:95-116.

PMID: 2489987

Several new concepts are used to describe contraceptive use histories for nearly 1200 women in Peninsular Malaysia. These histories are summarized by 81 episode histories. Transition matrices provide useful summaries of the changes women make in their contraceptive practice from one pregnancy interval to the next. Data from the mid-1940s to mid-1970s, during which period there was a dramatic increase in contraceptive use, reveal considerable inertia in individual couples' contraceptive practice. Persistence with a method was greater the less effective the method: while 86% of couples using no method in one interval used no method in the next, only 56% of couples using the pill in one interval also used it in the next. Virtually all transitions are of three types: continuation with the same method, a change from no method to some method, or a change from some method to no method. For only 1% of all pregnancies did couples use one contraceptive method before a pregnancy and a different method after the pregnancy. Differences are examined by calendar year and education.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Design*

Mass communication in Asia and the Pacific. Recent trends and developments

Lent JA

Media Asia, 1989;16(1):16-24.

PMID: 12315828

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

Fulltext Development of a Personalized Mobile Mental Health Intervention for Workplace Cyberbullying Among Health Practitioners: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

Kim YJ, Qian L, Aslam MS

JMIR Res Protoc, 2020 Nov 20;9(11):e23112.

PMID: 33216000 DOI: 10.2196/23112

BACKGROUND: Workplace cyberbullying harms the psychological and social functioning of professionals working in an organization and may decrease the productivity and efficiency of daily life tasks. A recent study on trainee doctors across 8 different United Kingdom National Health Service trusts found health issues and job dissatisfaction in people who have experienced workplace cyberbullying. This disabling effect is even more noticeable in low-socioeconomic communities within low-income countries. In Malaysia, there is a need to create a personalized mobile mental health intervention program for health care professionals. These programs should be directed to prevent and decrease psychosocial issues and enhance coordination among health care professionals to solve health issues in the community.

OBJECTIVE: Our main objective is to study the pre-effects and posteffects of the Personalized Mobile Mental Health Intervention (PMMH-I) for workplace cyberbullying in public and private hospitals in Malaysia.

METHODS: A hospital-based multimethod multi-analytic evidential approach is proposed, involving social and psychological health informatics. The project has been subdivided into 3 stages, starting with Phase 1, a prevalence study, followed by exploratory studies. Phase 2 consists of a quasi-experimental design, whereas the development of a prototype and their testing will be proposed in Phase 3. Each stage includes the use of quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed-method program), using SPSS (version 26.0; IBM Corp) and Stata (version 16.1; StataCorp) as tools for quantitative research, and NVivo (version 1.0; QSR International) and Atlas.ti (version 9.0.16; ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH) for qualitative research.

RESULTS: The results of this study will determine the pre- and posteffectiveness of an integrated PMMH-I for health care professionals. The prototype system platform will be developed and implemented in a public and private hospital. Results from Phase 1 will be published in 2021, followed by the implementation of Phase 2 in subsequent years.

CONCLUSIONS: This study will provide evidence and guidance regarding the implementation of a personalized mobile mental health intervention for health care professionals into routine public and private hospitals to enhance communication and resolve conflicts.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/23112.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Design; Qualitative Research

DIGENETIC TREMATODES OF FERAL RATS FROM MALAYSIA WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF BEAVERIA BEAVERI AND B. MICROACETABULUM GEN. N., SPP. N., OF A NEW SUBFAMILY BEAVERIINAE (TROGLOTREMATIDAE)

LEE HF

J Parasitol, 1965 Feb;51:24-9.

PMID: 14259476

Matched MeSH terms: Research*

Fulltext Making pharmaceutical research and regulation work for women

Ravindran TS, Teerawattananon Y, Tannenbaum C, Vijayasingham L

BMJ, 2020 10 27;371:m3808.

PMID: 33109511 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m3808

Matched MeSH terms: Pharmaceutical Research/standards*

Recent advances on T-cell exhaustion in malaria infection

Shankar EM, Vignesh R, Dash AP

Med Microbiol Immunol, 2018 Aug;207(3-4):167-174.

PMID: 29936565 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0547-0

T-cell exhaustion reportedly leads to dysfunctional immune responses of antigen-specific T cells. Investigations have revealed that T cells expand into functionally defective phenotypes with poor recall/memory abilities to parasitic antigens. The exploitation of co-inhibitory pathways represent a highly viable area of translational research that has very well been utilized against certain cancerous conditions. Malaria, at times, evolve into a sustained chronic state where T cells express several co-inhibitory molecules (negative immune checkpoints) facilitating parasite escape and sub-optimal protective responses. Experimental evidence suggests that blockade of co-inhibitory molecules on T cells in malaria could result in the sustenance of protective responses together with dramatic parasite clearance. The role of several co-inhibitory molecules in malaria infection largely remain unclear, and here we discussed the potential applicability of co-inhibitory molecules in the management of malaria with a view to harness protective host responses against chronic disease and associated consequences.

Matched MeSH terms: Translational Medical Research/trends*

Response to 'Position statement on ethics, equipoise and research on charged particle therapy'

Jones B, Howick J, Hopewell J, Liew SM

J Med Ethics, 2014 Aug;40(8):576-7.

PMID: 24812333 DOI: 10.1136/medethics-2014-102105

In August 2011, a group of medical doctors, ethicists, academic and medical physicists were asked to debate and reach consensus on the potential need for randomised control trials to test charged particle radiation therapy (CPRT) for treating tumours. The outcome of the meeting was a paper recently published in the Journal of Medical Ethics entitled "Position statement on ethics, equipoise and research on charged particle therapy" by Sheehan et al. However 6 of the 30 meeting participants withdrew from authorship of the 'position statement' because their views were not adequately represented. The 'position statement' did not state our reasons for withdrawing from the statement, which is a considerable omission. We had two principal objections: (1) the case for the benefits to patients and society of randomized trials to test CPRT was not adequately represented, and (2) the complexities and potential harms of CPRT were not clearly stated. In this response we explain and justify our objections. Patients, doctors and policymakers seeking to make independent judgments about whether equipoise exists for the relative benefits of CPRT should therefore read this document alongside the 'position' statement.

Matched MeSH terms: Research Design*

Fulltext Understanding Technology and People Issues in Hospital Information System (HIS) Adoption: Case study of a tertiary hospital in Malaysia

Zakaria N, Mohd Yusof SA

J Infect Public Health, 2016 Nov-Dec;9(6):774-780.

PMID: 27686258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.08.017

BACKGROUND: Hospital Information Systems (HIS) can improve healthcare outcome quality, increase efficiency, and reduce errors. The government of Malaysia implemented HIS across the country to maximize the use of technology to improve healthcare delivery, however, little is known about the benefits and challenges of HIS adoption in each institution. This paper looks at the technology and people issues in adopting such systems.

METHODS: The study used a case study approach, using an in-depth interview with multidisciplinary medical team members who were using the system on a daily basis. A thematic analysis using Atlas.ti was employed to understand the complex relations among themes and sub-themes to discover the patterns in the data. .

RESULTS: Users found the new system increased the efficiency of workflows and saved time. They reported less redundancy of work and improved communication among medical team members. Data retrieval and storage were also mentioned as positive results of the new HIS system. Healthcare workers showed positive attitudes during training and throughout the learning process.

CONCLUSIONS: From a technological perspective, it was found that medical workers using HIS has better access and data management compared to the previously used manual system. The human issues analysis reveals positive attitudes toward using HIS among the users especially from the physicians' side.

Matched MeSH terms: Health Services Research*

Updates on Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Natural Products: Towards Antidiabetic Drug Development

Alam F, Islam MA, Kamal MA, Gan SH

Curr Med Chem, 2018;25(39):5395-5431.

PMID: 27528060 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160813222436

Over the years, natural products have shown success as antidiabetics in in vitro, in vivo studies and clinical trials. Because natural product-derived drugs are more affordable and effective with fewer side-effects compared to conventional therapies, pharmaceutical research is increasingly leaning towards the discovery of new antidiabetic drugs from natural products targeting pathways or components associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pathophysiology. However, the drug discovery process is very lengthy and costly with significant challenges. Therefore, various techniques are currently being developed for the preclinical research phase of drug discovery with the aim of drug development with less time and efforts from natural products. In this review, we have provided an update on natural products including fruits, vegetables, spices, nuts, beverages and mushrooms with potential antidiabetic activities from in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies. Synergistic interactions between natural products and antidiabetic drugs, and potential antidiabetic active compounds from natural products are also documented to pave the way for combination treatment and new drug discovery, respectively. Additionally, a brief idea of the drug discovery process along with the challenges that arise during drug development from natural products and the methods to conquer those challenges are discussed to create a more convenient future drug discovery process.

Matched MeSH terms: Research; Pharmaceutical Research

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