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Fulltext Determination of Heavy Metal Levels in Fishes from the Lower Reach of the Kelantan River, Kelantan, Malaysia

Hashim R, Song TH, Muslim NZ, Yen TP

Trop Life Sci Res, 2014 Dec;25(2):21-39.
PMID: 27073597 MyJurnal

This study aimed to assess the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb) in the tissues of fish collected from the lower reach of the Kelantan River, Malaysia. Fishes were collected using gill nets during the dry and wet seasons. A total of 78 individual fish were caught and comprised 6 families, 11 genera and 13 species. The dorsal muscle was analysed using a graphite furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The mean concentration of Cd in Chitala chitala (0.076 mg/kg) was above the critical limit values of the European Commission (EC), World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The mean concentrations of Cd in Barbonymus gonionatus and Tachysurus maculatus were already at the level of concern, whereas the other species were approaching the limits of permissible levels. No fish samples were found to have a Ni level higher than the permissible limit of 0.5-0.6 mg/kg set by the WHO (1985). Osteochilus hasseltii (0.169 mg/kg) and T. maculatus (0.156 mg/kg) showed high Pb concentrations. The concentrations of heavy metals were found to be elevated in the wet season (p<0.05). Omnivorous fish were detected with elevated concentrations of Cd and Ni, whereas carnivorous fish had the highest concentration of Pb. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in fish tissues were positively correlated with fish weight (p<0.05). This study determined that the fish species caught in the Kelantan River were contaminated with non-essential metals (Cd, Ni and Pb). Nevertheless, the heavy metal concentration in the fish tissues, with the exception of C. chitala, O. hasseltii and T. maculatus, did not exceed the EC, FAO, Malaysian Food Act (MFA) or WHO guidelines.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Fulltext Partial Purification and Characterisation of Pectinase Produced by Aspergillus niger LFP-1 Grown on Pomelo Peels as a Substrate

Jalil MTM, Ibrahim D

Trop Life Sci Res, 2021 Mar;32(1):1-22.
PMID: 33936548 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2021.32.1.1

In the present study, pectinase was produced by local fungal isolate, Aspergillus niger LFP-1 grown on pomelo peels as a sole carbon source under solid-state fermentation (SSF). The purification process begins with the concentration of crude enzyme using ammonium sulfate precipitation and followed by purification using anion-exchange column chromatography (DEAE-Sephadex) and subsequently using gel filtration column chromatography (Sephadex G-100). On the other hand, the molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined through SDS-PAGE. The findings revealed the crude enzyme was purified up to 75.89 folds with a specific activity of 61.54 U/mg and the final yield obtained was 0.01%. The molecular mass of the purified pectinase was 48 kDa. The optimum pH and temperature were 3.5 and 50°C, respectively. This enzyme was stable at a range of pH 3.5 to 4.5 and a relatively high temperature (40°C-50°C) for 100 min. The Km and Vmax were found to be 3.89 mg/mL and 1701 U/mg, respectively. Meanwhile, pectin from citrus fruit and the metal ion (Co2+) were the best substrate and inducer to enhance pectinase yield, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Repeat analysis of intraoral digital imaging performed by undergraduate students using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensor: An institutional case study

Yusof MYPM, Rahman NLA, Asri AAA, Othman NI, Wan Mokhtar I

Imaging Sci Dent, 2017 Dec;47(4):233-239.
PMID: 29279822 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2017.47.4.233

Purpose: This study was performed to quantify the repeat rate of imaging acquisitions based on different clinical examinations, and to assess the prevalence of error types in intraoral bitewing and periapical imaging using a digital complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) intraoral sensor.
Materials and Methods: A total of 8,030 intraoral images were retrospectively collected from 3 groups of undergraduate clinical dental students. The type of examination, stage of the procedure, and reasons for repetition were analysed and recorded. The repeat rate was calculated as the total number of repeated images divided by the total number of examinations. The weighted Cohen's kappa for inter- and intra-observer agreement was used after calibration and prior to image analysis.
Results: The overall repeat rate on intraoral periapical images was 34.4%. A total of 1,978 repeated periapical images were from endodontic assessment, which included working length estimation (WLE), trial gutta-percha (tGP), obturation, and removal of gutta-percha (rGP). In the endodontic imaging, the highest repeat rate was from WLE (51.9%) followed by tGP (48.5%), obturation (42.2%), and rGP (35.6%). In bitewing images, the repeat rate was 15.1% and poor angulation was identified as the most common cause of error. A substantial level of intra- and interobserver agreement was achieved.
Conclusion: The repeat rates in this study were relatively high, especially for certain clinical procedures, warranting training in optimization techniques and radiation protection. Repeat analysis should be performed from time to time to enhance quality assurance and hence deliver high-quality health services to patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext Evaluation of closed vessel microwave digestion of fish muscle with various solvent combinations using fractional factorial design

Low, K.H., Zain, S.M., Abas, M.R., Ali Mohd, M.

ASM Science Journal, 2009;3(1):71-76.
MyJurnal

Fractional factorial design was utilized to evaluate the effect of combinations of nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydrochloric acid and water for microwave digestion of fish muscle. Upon digestion, copper, iron and zinc were determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. H2O2 and HCl volumes were found to be the most significant parameters which resulted in good metal recoveries. This is especially so for the effect of HCl on Fe recovery. The results indicated that the combination of 4 mL 65% HNO3, 2 mL 30% H2O2 and 2 mL 30% HCl gave the most satisfactory percentage recovery. There was good agreement between measured and certified values for all metals with respect to the DORM-3 fish protein.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext Structural and morphological evolution of cerium oxide thin film on silicon prepared by metal-organic decomposition route

Farah Anis Jasni, Kuan, Yew Cheong, Lockman, Zainovia, Zainuriah Hassan

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2009;2009(1):183-189.
MyJurnal

Thin films of cerium oxide (CeO2) were prepared on silicon (Si) substrate by metal organic decomposition route. 0.25 M of cerium (III) acetylacetonate (acac) was used as starting materials with the addition of methanol and acetic acid as solvents. Oxide conversion of the film by thermal treatment was conducted at temperature ranging from 400 o C to 1000 o C for 15 min in argon ambient. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis utilizing Cukα radiation (Model Brukker’s Diffrac Plus ), Filmetrics system measurement, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) (Model Zeiss Supra 35VP FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Model SII Nanonavi) were employed to characterize the phase formed and morphologies of the film produced.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Chitosan/(polyvinyl alcohol)/zeolite electrospun composite nanofibrous membrane for adsorption of Cr6+, Fe3+ and Ni2

Habiba U, Afifi AM, Salleh A, Ang BC

J Hazard Mater, 2017 Jan 15;322(Pt A):182-194.
PMID: 27436300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.028

In this study, chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/zeolite nanofibrous composite membrane was fabricated via electrospinning. First, crude chitosan was hydrolyzed with NaOH for 24h. Afterward, hydrolyzed chitosan solution was blended with aqueous PVA solution in different weight ratios. Morphological analysis of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofiber showed a defect-free nanofiber material with 50:50 weight ratio of chitosan/PVA. Subsequently, 1wt.% of zeolite was added to this blended solution of 50:50 chitosan/PVA. The resulting nanofiber was characterized with field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, swelling test, and adsorption test. Fine, bead-free nanofiber with homogeneous nanofiber was electrospun. The resulting membrane was stable in distilled water, acidic, and basic media in 20 days. Moreover, the adsorption ability of nanofibrous membrane was studied over Cr (VI), Fe (III), and Ni (II) ions using Langmuir isotherm. Kinetic parameters were estimated using the Lagergren first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. Kinetic study showed that adsorption rate was high. However, the resulting nanofiber membrane showed less adsorption capacity at high concentration. The adsorption capacity of nanofiber was unaltered after five recycling runs, which indicated the reusability of chitosan/PVA/zeolite nanofibrous membrane. Therefore, chitosan/PVA/zeolite nanofiber can be a useful material for water treatment at moderate concentration of heavy metals.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Fulltext Physical, chemical & mineralogical properties of fly ash

Khairul Nizar Ismail, Kamarudin Hussin, Mohd Sobri Idris

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2005(1):47-51.
MyJurnal

Fly ash is the finely divided mineral residue resulting from the combustion of coal in electric generating plants. Fly ash consists of inorganic, incombustible matter present in the coal that has been fused during combustion into a glassy, amorphous structure. Fly ash particles are generally spherical in shape and range in size from 2 μm to 10 μm. They consist mostly of silicon dioxide (SiO2), aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3). Fly ash like soil contains trace concentrations of the following heavy metals: nickel, vanadium, cadmium, barium, chromium, copper, molybdenum, zinc and lead. The chemical compositions of the sample have been examined and the fly ash are of ASTM C618 Class F.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Fulltext Preliminary studies on the evaluation of nutritional composition of unripe and ripe ‘Kundang’ fruits (Bouea macrophylla Griffith)

Rajan, Nithiya Shanmuga, Bhat,Rajeev, Karim, A.A.

International Food Research Journal, 2014;21(3):985-990.
MyJurnal

Unripe and ripe kundang fruits (Bouea macrophylla Griffith) is either consumed fresh or is cooked in Malaysia. In this study composition of unripe and ripe fruits (proximate, amino acids profile, minerals and heavy metal contents) were evaluated. Results obtained showed unripe kundang fruit to possess higher moisture, ash, crude lipid, crude fiber and crude protein contents than the ripe fruits. With regard to amino acid contents, unripe fruits had higher content of essential amino acids. The unripe and ripe fruits were found to be rich in essential minerals with potassium (K) to be in abundance. Heavy metals such as cadmium, nickel, mercury, lead and arsenic, were detected in trace amounts (< 5.0 mg/kg) in both unripe and ripe fruits. Through this investigation, it is concluded that both unripe and ripe fruits to posses’ adequate amount of nutritionally important compounds beneficial to human health and can be explored for commercial purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Fulltext Molecular phylogenetic analysis of wild Tiger’s milk mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) collected from Pahang, Malaysia and its nutritional value and toxic metal content

Lai WH, Loo SS, Rahmat N, Shaharuddin S, Daud F, Zamri Z, et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2013;20(5):2301-2307.
MyJurnal

Tiger’s Milk mushroom has been used for medicinal purposes by local aborigines to treat asthma, breast cancer, cough, fever and food poisoning. Molecular phylogenetic analysis utilizing RNA polymerase II, second largest subunit (RPB2) gene, identified the wild Tiger’s Milk mushrooms collected from the state of Pahang in Malaysia for this study as Lignosus rhinocerus in the order Polyporales. The tuber, stipe and pileus of this mushroom were analyzed for their basic nutritional composition (fat, protein, and carbohydrate) and toxic metal content profile (Cadmium, Lead and Mercury). The moisture content of these mushroom parts varied from 32.22% (pileus) – 46.31% (stipe). The dry matter of the mushrooms contained 2.76% (stipe) – 6.60% (pileus) proteins, 0.21% (pileus) – 0.30% (tuber) fat, 1.76% (stipe) – 4.38% (tuber) ash and 38.47% (stipe) – 56.30% (pileus) carbohydrates. The toxic metal content of the mushroom samples ranged from 0.03–0.12 mg/kg for Cd, 0.80–1.94 mg/kg for Pb and 0.05–0.10 mg/kg for Hg. The present study demonstrated that L. rhinocerus is a potential source of food due to its high carbohydrate content. In addition, the trace levels of toxic metals in this mushroom are within the safe level for consumption.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Putative Roles for Metallothionein and HSP70 Genes in Relation with Heavy Metal Accumulation and Parasitic Cymothoid in the Fish Nemipterus furcosus

Thinh DD, Rasid MH, Deris ZM, Shazili NA, De Boeck G, Wong LL

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol, 2016 Nov;71(4):530-540.
PMID: 27638714

To assess stress level induced by multiple stressors in aquatic organism, biomarkers have been adopted as early warning indicator due to their high accuracy, rapidity, and sensitivity. We investigated the effects of ectoparasitic isopod infection on heavy metal bioaccumulation (Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in the fish Nemipterus furcosus and profiled the expression of metallothionein (MT) and heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70) genes of the fish host. Sixty individuals (parasitized and nonparasitized with Cymothoa truncata) were collected from three sites differing in the levels of anthropogenic activities off the South China Sea. Our results revealed no significant difference in heavy metal concentrations between infected and nonparasitized fish. We observed a positive correlation between heavy metal bioaccumulation in the fish host and anthropogenic activities. Accordingly, expression analysis of MT genes in fish liver showed significant differences in expression level between sampling sites, with lowest level in the least exploited site (Batu Rakit). A reverse pattern in HSP70 gene expression was demonstrated in fish muscle, showing the highest expression at Batu Rakit. While cymothoid infection in N. furcosus had no significant impact on fish MT gene expression, it resulted in a reduction of HSP70 level in liver of parasitized fish. These findings highlight the putative roles of MT in heavy metal assessment. Future studies should determine the kinetics of cymothoid infection and other potential stressors in characterizing the HSP70 gene expression profile.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Fulltext Environmental radiological monitoring methods in tenorm facilities and its relevance

Teng, Iyu Lin, Ismail Bahari, Muhamad Samudi Yasir

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2011;2011(2):8-14.
MyJurnal

In Malaysia, mineral processing plant is one of the Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) processing industries controlled by the Atomic Energy Licensing Board (AELB) through the enforcement of Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984 (Act 304). The activities generated waste which is called as TENORM wastes. TENORM wastes are mainly found in thorium hydroxide from the processing of xenotime and monazite, and iron oxide and red gypsum from the processing of ilmenite. Other TENORM wastes are scales and sludge from the oil and gas industries, tin slag produced from the smelting of tin, and ilmenite, zircon,
and monazite produced from the processing of tin tailing (amang). The environmental and radiological monitoring program is needed to ensure that the TENORM wastes did not caused any contamination to the environment. The wastes vary in the types of samples, parameters of analysis as well as the frequency of monitoring based on license’s conditions issued by the AELB. The main objective of this study is to assess the suitability of license’s condition and the monitoring program required in oil and gas, and mineral processing
industries. Study was done by assessing the data submitted to the AELB in order to comply with the licensing requirement. This study had found out that there are a few of license’s conditions that need to be reviewed accordingly based on the processing activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Rare Earth
Fulltext The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health

Assi MA, Hezmee MN, Haron AW, Sabri MY, Rajion MA

Vet World, 2016 Jun;9(6):660-71.
PMID: 27397992 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671

Lead, a chemical element in the carbon group with symbol Pb (from Latin: Plumbum, meaning "the liquid silver") and has an atomic number 82 in the periodic table. It was the first element that was characterized by its kind of toxicity. In animal systems, lead (Pb) has been incriminated in a wide spectrum of toxic effects and it is considered one of the persistent ubiquitous heavy metals. Being exposed to this metal could lead to the change of testicular functions in human beings as well as in the wildlife. The lead poising is a real threat to the public health, especially in the developing countries. Accordingly, great efforts on the part of the occupational and public health have been taken to curb the dangers of this metal. Hematopoietic, renal, reproductive, and central nervous system are among the parts of the human body and systems that are vulnerable toward the dangers following exposure to high level of Pb. In this review, we discussed the massive harmful impact that leads acetate toxicity has on the animals and the worrying fact that this harmful toxicant can be found quite easily in the environment and abundance. Highlighting its (Pb) effects on various organs in the biological systems, its economic, as well as scientific importance, with the view to educate the public/professionals who work in this area. In this study, we focus on the current studies and research related to lead toxicity in animals and also to a certain extent toward human as well.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Fulltext Cadmium-109 Radioisotope Adsorption onto Polypyrrole Coated Sawdust of Dryobalanops aromatic: Kinetics and Adsorption Isotherms Modelling

Olatunji MA, Khandaker MU, Amin YM, Mahmud HN

PLoS One, 2016;11(10):e0164119.
PMID: 27706232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164119

A radiotracer study was conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of cadmium (109Cd) from aqueous solution by polypyrrole/ sawdust composite. Several factors such as solution pH, sorbent dosage, initial concentration, contact time, temperature and interfering metal ions were found to have influence on the adsorption process. The kinetics of adsorption was relatively fast, reaching equilibrium within 3 hours. A lowering of the solution pH reduced the removal efficiency from 99.3 to ~ 46.7% and an ambient temperature of 25°C was found to be optimum for maximum adsorption. The presence of sodium and potassium ions inhibited 109Cd removal from its aqueous solution. The experimental data for 109Cd adsorption showed a very good agreement with the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-first order kinetic model. The surface condition of the adsorbent before and after cadmium loading was investigated using BET, FESEM and FTIR. Considering the low cost of the precursor's materials and the toxicity of 109Cd radioactive metal, polypyrrole synthesized on the sawdust of Dryobalanops aromatic could be used as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of 109Cd radioisotope from radionuclide-containing effluents.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext The status of heavy metals contamination in seafood and its products imported through the Bukit Kayu Hitam entry point

Shafie, O., Sanimah, A.R.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2002;2(1):26-30.
MyJurnal

The status ofhve l1eavy metals: cadmium, lead copper, zinc and mercury were determined in seafood and its products imported_ti·om Thailand via Bukit Kayu Hiram, Kedah, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine the level of these heary metals except for mercury, where the cold vapor technique was used, Randomized sampling was done according to a predetermined sampling plan based on the previous years consignments. Data collected were compared with the maximum permitted level of -metal contaminants in fish and fish products- ofthe Fourteenth Schedule (Regulation 38) of Food Act I983 and Food Regulations I 985 to ascertain compliance. lt was noted form this study, that the level of metals detected in seafood and its products had a very wide range, The levels detected for cadmium was at a range of 0. 00] - 3.9/2, 0.07 — 0.29, 0,04 - 4,4 mg/kg in fish, shellfish and cuttlefish respectivelv. In general, cadmium level in some samples was notably higher particularly in shellfish. All samples had lead level less than the permitted value except for fish where the highest value detected was 3.28 mg/kg. The level of copper and zinc was higher than the permitted value in octopus, prawn and crab, Mercury level in all samples analvzed was found to be below the detection level. As for fish samples, zinc level was found to be higher whereas copper was within the limit. However, it was also noted that the level of all the heavy metals in jiozen jish was within the permitted limit.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Fulltext Wire-Induced Stent Crumpling Remedied By Bail- Out Crush Stenting; A Case Report.

Azarisma, S.M.S., Rosli, M.A.B.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(2):29-31.
MyJurnal

We report a-56-year old army pensioner who presented initially to a peripheral hospital with acute ST-elevation inferior myocardial infarction thrombolysed with streptokinase. He was subsequently referred to the National Heart Institute (Institut Jantung Negara, Malaysia) for coronary revascularization. Coronary angiogram revealed an ectatic right coronary artery with discrete lesions at the proximal and distal segments stented with bare metal stents (BMS). Post dilatation shots revealed a wire-induced, distal dissection at the posterior left ventricular artery remedied by balloon angioplasty but resulting in balloon-induced crumpling of the distal BMS. We discuss the importance of sequential, distal-to-proximal coronary intervention, stent crumpling and remedial strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext Biotechnological applications of microalgae

Chu, Wan-Loy

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.
MyJurnal

Microalgae are important biological resources that have a wide range of biotechnological
applications. Due to their high nutritional value, microalgae such as Spirulina and Chlorella are being mass cultured for health food. A variety of high-value products including polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), pigments such as carotenoids and phycobiliproteins, and bioactive compounds are useful as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals, as well as for industrial applications. In terms of environmental biotechnology, microalgae are useful for bioremediation of agro-industrial wastewater, and as a biological tool for assessment and monitoring of environmental toxicants such as heavy metals, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In recent years, microalgae have attracted much interest due to their potential use as feedstock for biodiesel production. In Malaysia, there has been active research on microalgal biotechnology for the past 30 years, tapping into the potential of our
rich microalgal resources for high-value products and applications in wastewater treatment and assessment of environmental toxicants. A culture collection of microalgae has been established, and this serves as an important resource for microalgal biotechnology
research. Microalgal biotechnology should continue to be regarded as a priority area of research in this country.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals, Heavy
Fulltext FEM Analysis of Sezawa Mode SAW Sensor for VOC Based on CMOS Compatible AlN/SiO₂/Si Multilayer Structure

Aslam MZ, Jeoti V, Karuppanan S, Malik AF, Iqbal A

Sensors (Basel), 2018 May 24;18(6).
PMID: 29882929 DOI: 10.3390/s18061687

A Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation study is conducted, aiming to scrutinize the sensitivity of Sezawa wave mode in a multilayer AlN/SiO₂/Si Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensor to low concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), that is, trichloromethane, trichloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethene. A Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) compatible AlN/SiO₂/Si based multilayer SAW resonator structure is taken into account for this purpose. In this study, first, the influence of AlN and SiO₂ layers’ thicknesses over phase velocities and electromechanical coupling coefficients (k²) of two SAW modes (i.e., Rayleigh and Sezawa) is analyzed and the optimal thicknesses of AlN and SiO₂ layers are opted for best propagation characteristics. Next, the study is further extended to analyze the mass loading effect on resonance frequencies of SAW modes by coating a thin Polyisobutylene (PIB) polymer film over the AlN surface. Finally, the sensitivity of the two SAW modes is examined for VOCs. This study concluded that the sensitivity of Sezawa wave mode for 1 ppm of selected volatile organic gases is twice that of the Rayleigh wave mode.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Metal-Polydopamine Framework as an Effective Fluorescent Quencher for Highly Sensitive Detection of Hg(II) and Ag(I) Ions through Exonuclease III Activity

Ravikumar A, Panneerselvam P, Morad N

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, 2018 Jun 20;10(24):20550-20558.
PMID: 29792319 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05041

In this paper, we propose a metal-polydopamine (MPDA) framework with a specific molecular probe which appears to be the most promising approach to a strong fluorescence quencher. The MPDA framework quenching ability toward various organic fluorophore such as aminoethylcoumarin acetate, 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM), carboxyteramethylrhodamine, and Cy5 are used to establish a fluorescent biosensor that can selectively recognize Hg2+ and Ag+ ions. The fluorescent quenching efficiency was sufficient to achieve more than 96%. The MPDA framework also exhibits different affinities with ssDNA and dsDNA. In addition, the FAM-labeled ssDNA was adsorbed onto the MPDA framework, based on their interaction with the complex formed between MPDA frameworks/ssDNA taken as a sensing platform. By taking advantage of this sensor, highly sensitive and selective determination of Hg2+ and Ag+ ions is achieved through exonuclease III signal amplification activity. The detection limits of Hg2+ and Ag+ achieved to be 1.3 and 34 pM, respectively, were compared to co-existing metal ions and graphene oxide-based sensors. Furthermore, the potential applications of this study establish the highly sensitive fluorescence detection targets in environmental and biological fields.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext Antibiotic susceptibility study of metal-gentamicin complexes against Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilms

Intan Azura Shahdan, Fatimah Zahrah Mohd Sobr, Mohammad Faiz Hizzuan Hanap, Hanani Ahmad Yusof, How, Fiona N.F.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):4-4.
MyJurnal

Dental plaque is a structurally and functionally organized biofilm. Modern molecular
biological techniques have identified about 1000 different bacterial species in the dental biofilm,
twice as many as can be cultured. Inherent resistance of biofilm bacteria to conventional
antibiotics is alarming. It induces antibiotic resistance to an order of three or more in magnitude
greater than those displayed by planktonic bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is the most dominant
bacterial species isolated from the saliva and dental plaques. One of the reasons for its
pathogenicity is its ability to form biofilms. In this study, the resistance of S. aureus biofilms
against a eries of metal-antibiotics, an alternative to the conventional antibiotics, was
investigated. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Metals
Fulltext Honeydew Rind activated Carbon as an Adsorbent for Zn (II) and Cr (III) removal from aqueous solution: An optimization study

Zalilah Murni Yunus, Norzila Othman, Rafidah Hamdan, Nurun Najwa Ruslan

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(105):155-162.
MyJurnal

A combination of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) 20% v/v impregnation and carbonization method was employed to convert honeydew rind into activated carbons (ACPHDR) for Zn(II) and Cr(III) removal aqueous solution. The characterization of ACPDHR by N2 sorption, iodine number and Boehm analysis result 1272 m2/g surface area, 1174 mg/g and 1.13 mmol/g total acidic functional groups respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersed microscopy (FESEM-EDX) analysis of unloaded and metal-loaded carbon showed shifted of significance peaks and the changes of surface morphology of the sorbent. The adsorption was optimized at pH, shaking duration, initial metal concentration and mass of adsorbent of 5.5, 40 min and 500 mg/L, 0.4 g for Zn(II) and 4, 40 min, 1000 mg/L, 0.1 g for Cr(III) removal. It is concluded that the metal removal was influenced by pH solution, contact time, initial metal concentration and mass of adsorbent. The highest removal of Zn(II) and Cr(III) was observed at 84.24% and 90.10% respectively. Waste from honeydew will be benefited from this research which offer a cheaper alternative precursor to coal based activated carbons.

Matched MeSH terms: Metals

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