MyMedR

Fulltext Expression of Galectin-3 and Galectin-7 in thyroid malignancy as potential diagnostic indicators

Than TH, Swethadri GK, Wong J, Ahmad T, Jamil D, Maganlal RK, et al.

Singapore Med J, 2008 Apr;49(4):333-8.

It has been suggested that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and Galectin-7 (Gal-7) are potential tumour markers for differentiating thyroid carcinoma from its benign counter part. Galectins are beta-galactoside-binding proteins with Gal-3 being a redundant pre-mRNA splicing factor. They are supposed to be p53-related regulators in cell growth and apoptosis, being either anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic. Although the value of Gal-3 has been studied extensively, there is little knowledge regarding the expression of Gal-7 in thyroid malignancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Adenoma/diagnosis; Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis; Goiter, Nodular/diagnosis*; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnosis

Waldeyer ring lymphoma: a case series

Teh CS, Jayalakshmi P, Chong SY

Ear Nose Throat J, 2014 Sep;93(9):E22-5.

PMID: 25255354

We encountered a patient with a tongue base lymphoma that we initially diagnosed as a lingual tonsil in view of its benign appearance. We established the correct diagnosis of Waldeyer ring lymphoma by histology. This case led us to conduct a study of all cases of Waldeyer ring lymphoma that had been treated at our center during a 10-year period. We retrospectively examined our case records and found 35 such cases. From this group, we excluded 5 cases because of incomplete data. Thus our final study group was made up of 30 patients-14 males and 16 females, aged 14 to 76 years (mean: 51.6; median 54). The primary presenting signs and symptoms were dysphagia (n = 17 [57%]), a neck mass (n = 7 [23%]), nasal symptoms (n = 5 [17%]), and pain (n = 1 [3%]). Only 4 patients (13%) had B symptoms. A total of 20 patients (67%) presented with tonsillar involvement, 8 (27%) with nasopharyngeal involvement, 1 (3%) with tongue base lymphoma, and 1 with anterior tongue involvement. Most patients (77%) presented at an early stage. Histologically, 25 patients (83%) had high-grade diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, 4 (13%) had T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma, and 1 (3%) had follicular lymphoma. Twenty-one patients (70%) were treated with chemotherapy, 4 (13%) received adjuvant chemotherapy with either radiotherapy or surgery, 3 (10%) resorted to other forms of treatment (primarily traditional remedies), and 2 (7%) declined treatment altogether. There were 14 patients (47%) alive at the end of the study period.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphoma/diagnosis*; Lymphoma, Follicular/diagnosis; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Tongue Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Tonsillar Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Lymphoma, T-Cell/diagnosis; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/diagnosis

Fulltext Tuberculosis disease diagnosis using artificial immune recognition system

Shamshirband S, Hessam S, Javidnia H, Amiribesheli M, Vahdat S, Petković D, et al.

Int J Med Sci, 2014;11(5):508-14.

PMID: 24688316 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8249

There is a high risk of tuberculosis (TB) disease diagnosis among conventional methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis/diagnosis*

Soft-tissue sarcomas in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review

Ngan R, Wang E, Porter D, Desai J, Prayogo N, Devi B, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(11):6821-32.

PMID: 24377612

BACKGROUND: Soft-tissue sarcomas require tailored and multidisciplinary treatment and management. However, little is known about how sarcomas are treated and managed throughout the Asia-Pacific region.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE was systematically searched using prespecified criteria. Publications (previous 10 years) that reported tumour characteristics, treatment patterns, survival outcomes, and/or safety outcomes of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma were selected. Exclusion criteria were studies of patients <18 years of age; ≤ 10 patients; countries other than Australia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, or Thailand; >20% benign tumours; sarcomas located in bones or joints; gastrointestinal stromal tumour; Kaposi's sarcoma; or not reporting relevant outcomes.

RESULTS: Of the 1,822 publications retrieved, 35 (32 studies) were included. Nearly all patients (98%, 1,992/2,024; 31 studies) were treated with surgery, and more studies used adjuvant radiotherapy than chemotherapy (24 vs 17 studies). Survival outcomes and recurrence rates varied among the studies because of the different histotypes, sites, and disease stages assessed. Only 5 studies reported safety findings.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the lack of specific data available about soft-tissue sarcomas in the Asia-Pacific region. Better efforts to understand how the sarcoma is managed and treated will help improve patient outcomes in the region.

Matched MeSH terms: Sarcoma/diagnosis

Ice-cream stick injury resembling torus palatinus

Khajotia R, Kew ST

Ear Nose Throat J, 2013 Sep;92(9):E33.

PMID: 24057915

Matched MeSH terms: Foreign Bodies/diagnosis*

New development in the diagnosis of dengue infections

Rathakrishnan A, Sekaran SD

Expert Opin Med Diagn, 2013 Jan;7(1):99-112.

PMID: 23530846 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2012.718759

Dengue is of major concern around the world. Having no pathognomonic features that reliably distinguish it from other febrile illnesses, laboratory diagnosis is important for confirmation. Ideally, a dengue diagnostic test should be sensitive, specific and applicable from the onset of disease to 10 days post-infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/diagnosis*

An interesting finding in a patient with chronic diarrhoea

Marwan AA, Ngiu CS, Periyasamy P

Ann Acad Med Singap, 2013 Feb;42(2):97-8.

PMID: 23515696

Matched MeSH terms: Spirochaetales Infections/diagnosis*

Fulltext Improving the management of brain injuries in Malaysian hospitals

Abdullah JM

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):83.

PMID: 22106681

Matched MeSH terms: Brain Injuries/diagnosis

Fulltext Leptospirosis: a re-emerging infection

Lim VK

Malays J Pathol, 2011 Jun;33(1):1-5.

PMID: 21874744 MyJurnal

Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonotic infection. In developing countries large outbreaks have occurred in urban slums and following floods. Individuals from developed nations are also now more frequently exposed to the infection as a result of international travel and greater participation in certain outdoor recreational activities. Leptospirosis remains a diagnostic challenge since it often presents as a non-specific febrile event and laboratory diagnosis is still currently inadequate. Rapid tests may not be sufficiently sensitive in early disease and culture facilities are not widely available. A severe pulmonary haemorrhagic form of the infection is increasingly being encountered in many countries including Malaysia. The control of leptospirosis is largely dependent on general hygienic measures and rodent control. An effective human vaccine is still not available. There remains much that is unknown about this disease and there is scope and opportunity for good quality research.

Matched MeSH terms: Leptospirosis/diagnosis

Binary particle swarm optimization for feature selection in detection of infants with hypothyroidism

Zabidi A, Khuan LY, Mansor W, Yassin IM, Sahak R

Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2011;2011:2772-5.

PMID: 22254916 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.2011.6090759

Hypothyroidism in infants is caused by the insufficient production of hormones by the thyroid gland. Due to stress in the chest cavity as a result of the enlarged liver, their cry signals are unique and can be distinguished from the healthy infant cries. This study investigates the effect of feature selection with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization on the performance of MultiLayer Perceptron classifier in discriminating between the healthy infants and infants with hypothyroidism from their cry signals. The feature extraction process was performed on the Mel Frequency Cepstral coefficients. Performance of the MLP classifier was examined by varying the number of coefficients. It was found that the BPSO enhances the classification accuracy while reducing the computation load of the MLP classifier. The highest classification accuracy of 99.65% was achieved for the MLP classifier, with 36 filter banks, 5 hidden nodes and 11 BPS optimised MFC coefficients.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypothyroidism/diagnosis*

Idiopathic paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia in Malaysia, a multi-racial Southeast Asian country

Tai ML, Lim SY, Tan CT

J Clin Neurosci, 2010 Aug;17(8):1089-90.

PMID: 20542699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.11.034

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is a rare disorder, and there are few reports of Asian patients with this condition. We reviewed the clinical features of all patients with idiopathic paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) seen at a major neurological centre in Malaysia. The charts of 11 patients with idiopathic PKD seen between 1995 and 2008 were reviewed retrospectively. The male:female ratio was 9:2. Ten patients were of Chinese ethnicity, and one was Malay. Three patients (from two families) had a family history of PKD. The involuntary movement was dystonia in 73% of patients. In one patient, attacks were precipitated by vestibular stimulation. One patient had generalized epilepsy. Another patient who did not have epilepsy demonstrated epileptiform discharges. Only slightly over one-quarter of patients had a positive family history. Males, and people of Chinese ancestry, seem to be affected more frequently by PKD in certain Asian populations.

Matched MeSH terms: Chorea/diagnosis*

Classification of speech dysfluencies using LPC based parameterization techniques

Hariharan M, Chee LS, Ai OC, Yaacob S

J Med Syst, 2012 Jun;36(3):1821-30.

PMID: 21249515 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-010-9641-6

The goal of this paper is to discuss and compare three feature extraction methods: Linear Predictive Coefficients (LPC), Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients (LPCC) and Weighted Linear Prediction Cepstral Coefficients (WLPCC) for recognizing the stuttered events. Speech samples from the University College London Archive of Stuttered Speech (UCLASS) were used for our analysis. The stuttered events were identified through manual segmentation and were used for feature extraction. Two simple classifiers namely, k-nearest neighbour (kNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were employed for speech dysfluencies classification. Conventional validation method was used for testing the reliability of the classifier results. The study on the effect of different frame length, percentage of overlapping, value of ã in a first order pre-emphasizer and different order p were discussed. The speech dysfluencies classification accuracy was found to be improved by applying statistical normalization before feature extraction. The experimental investigation elucidated LPC, LPCC and WLPCC features can be used for identifying the stuttered events and WLPCC features slightly outperforms LPCC features and LPC features.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted*

Fulltext A review of multiple sclerosis with Asian perspective

Chong HT, Tan CT

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):356-61.

PMID: 19803290 MyJurnal

Multiple sclerosis, although a rare disease in Asia, often presents significant diagnostic challenges to clinicians. There has been rapid advancement in the understanding of the underlying genetic influence, pathophysiology, investigation and treatment recently. This paper reviewed the latest development of various aspects of the disease and examined the differences between the manifestations of Asian and Western patients. The implications of these differences to investigation and treatment were also touched upon.

Matched MeSH terms: Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis

Fulltext Pleurovideoscopy in a general hospital

Norhaya MR, Dzawani M

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Mar;64(1):75-6.

PMID: 19852328 MyJurnal

A 48 a year old Malay gentleman, was investigated for recurrent unexplained right pleural effusion. Initial investigations showed exudative pleural effusion with neutrophil predominance. Tuberculosis (TB) workout were negative. Pleuroscopy showed multiple adhesions with granulomatous deposits at the parietal pleural surface. Adhesions were released by forceps. A chest tube was inserted. Intrapleural streptokinase instilled for three consecutive days. TB treatment was initiated. There was clinical and radiological improvement and he was discharged well after one week of hospitalization. He remained well at follow-up two months later.

Matched MeSH terms: Pleural Effusion/diagnosis*

Fulltext Triple primary cancers of the larynx, lung and thyroid presenting in one patient

Iqbal FR, Sani A, Gendeh BS, Aireen I

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):417-8.

PMID: 19803306 MyJurnal

Patients with multiple malignant primary tumours are often described, based on their chronology of presentation, as simultaneous, synchronous or metachronous tumours. Lung malignancies presenting in association with head and neck tumours are well documented while there have been small series of thyroid synchronous cancers presenting with laryngeal lesions in literature. No cases, to our knowledge, have been reported in literature of a single patient with all three laryngeal, lung and thyroid malignancies. We report one such case of a 71-year-old Chinese man who had undergone a total laryngectomy for a recurrent cancer of the larynx only to be found to have tumours of the lung and thyroid in the post-operative period and he eventually died of post-operative complications. We also discuss screening for lung and thyroid malignancies in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis*; Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis*; Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnosis*; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis*

A case of disproportionate macrodactyly or a mild form of Proteus syndrome? An interesting case

Abdullah S, Haflah NH, Sapuan J, Das S

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove), 2010;53(4):243-6.

PMID: 21400985

We present a 20-year-old Malay male whom we believe has Proteus syndrome, a rare congenital disorder of asymmetrical overgrowth of body tissues. There are fewer than 100 confirmed cases reported worldwide thus the clinical presentation and histopathological findings are of significance. Our patient presented with an overgrown right small finger and subcutaneous purplish pigmentation over his left upper arm and chest since birth. His small finger gradually increased in size. He had no abnormalities in sensation or power. Radiographs revealed a delta shaped middle phalanx of the small finger. His activities of daily living were uninterrupted but he requested debulking surgery for cosmetic reasons. Histopathological examination reported hypertrophic fatty tissue composed of well formed lobules of mature adipocytes interspersed with fibrous elements.

Matched MeSH terms: Proteus Syndrome/diagnosis*

Fulltext Managing pelvic inflammatory disease

Sivalingam N, Vanitha NS, Loh KY

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Dec;62(5):425-7; quiz 428.

PMID: 18705484 MyJurnal

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) describes the clinical features of sexually transmitted pelvic infection ranging from acute salpingitis to salpingo-oophoritis and ultimately pelvic abscess. Intra-tubal adhesions and pelvic adhesive disease are the long-term sequelae of PID which may lead to both sub-fertility and tubal ectopic pregnancy. Laparoscopy is the definitive diagnostic modality, but is invasive and not suitable for routine clinical practice especially in the primary care setting. Ascending infection by Neiserria gonorrhoea, Chlamydia trachomatis and less commonly bacterial vaginosis and mycoplasma have been traditionally associated as causative pathogens in PID. As polymicrobial infections are being implicated in PID before culture and sensitivity results are available empirical treatment based on clinical guidelines is justified initially. Pre-emptive testing and treatment for woman at increased risk of chlamydia has been shown to reduce the risk of PID by up to two-thirds. It is imperative that medical practitioners have low thresholds for testing and treatment of both sexually active young women and men.

Matched MeSH terms: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease/diagnosis*

Development and validation of a reading-related assessment battery in Malay for the purpose of dyslexia assessment

Lee LW

Ann Dyslexia, 2008 Jun;58(1):37-57.

PMID: 18293088 DOI: 10.1007/s11881-007-0011-0

Malay is an alphabetic language with transparent orthography. A Malay reading-related assessment battery which was conceptualised based on the International Dyslexia Association definition of dyslexia was developed and validated for the purpose of dyslexia assessment. The battery consisted of ten tests: Letter Naming, Word Reading, Non-word Reading, Spelling, Passage Reading, Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension, Elision, Rapid Letter Naming and Digit Span. Content validity was established by expert judgment. Concurrent validity was obtained using the schools' language tests as criterion. Evidence of predictive and construct validity was obtained through regression analyses and factor analyses. Phonological awareness was the most significant predictor of word-level literacy skills in Malay, with rapid naming making independent secondary contributions. Decoding and listening comprehension made separate contributions to reading comprehension, with decoding as the more prominent predictor. Factor analysis revealed four factors: phonological decoding, phonological naming, comprehension and verbal short-term memory. In conclusion, despite differences in orthography, there are striking similarities in the theoretical constructs of reading-related tasks in Malay and in English.

Matched MeSH terms: Dyslexia/diagnosis*

Fulltext The electroencephalogram changes in migraineurs

Tan HJ, Suganthi C, Dhachayani S, Rizal AM, Raymond AA

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):56-8.

PMID: 17682573 MyJurnal

Migraine is associated with a variety of electroencephalographic (EEG) changes. Previous studies using analogue EEG and old diagnostic criteria may under or over report the prevalence of EEG changes in migraine. The objective of this study was to reevaluate the EEG changes in migraine patients diagnosed by applying the new International Classification of Headache Disorder -2 criteria. This was a case control study involving 70 migraine patients and 70 age and gender matched control who were subjected to scalp EEG. The EEG changes during hyperventilation (HV), which were significantly more common in the migraine group were theta activity (34 vs 22, p = 0.038) and frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA) (10 vs 3, p = 0.042). Applying the new ICHD -2 diagnostic criteria and digital EEG, this study yielded previously unrecognized features including FIRDA during HV on EEG.

Matched MeSH terms: Migraine Disorders/diagnosis*

Fulltext Abdominal subcutaneous fat aspiration--an alternative method to diagnose amyloidosis

Ong SG, Rajasingam R

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Mar;62(1):68-9.

PMID: 17682576

A middle aged lady presented with clinical manifestations of primary amyloidosis which included amyloid cardiomyopathy. There was failure to confirm the diagnosis of amyloidosis with biopsies from rectal and tongue tissues. Fat tissue obtained from abdominal subcutaneous fat aspiration eventually demonstrated the presence of amyloid.

Matched MeSH terms: Amyloidosis/diagnosis*

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