Displaying publications 41 - 60 of 133 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Molecular evolution and epidemiology of dengue-3 viruses
    Lanciotti RS, Lewis JG, Gubler DJ, Trent DW
    J Gen Virol, 1994 Jan;75 ( Pt 1):65-75.
    PMID: 8113741
    The nucleic acid sequences of the pre-membrane/membrane and envelope protein genes of 23 geographically and temporally distinct dengue (DEN)-3 viruses were determined. This was accomplished by reverse transcriptase-PCR amplification of the structural genes followed by automated DNA sequence analysis. Comparison of nucleic acid sequences revealed that similarity among the viruses was greater than 90%. The similarity among deduced amino acids was between 95% and 100%, and in many cases identical amino acid substitutions occurred among viruses from similar geographical regions. Alignment of nucleic acid sequences followed by parsimony analysis allowed the generation of phylogenetic trees, demonstrating that geographically independent evolution of DEN-3 viruses had occurred. The DEN-3 viruses were separated into four genetically distinct subtypes. Subtype I consists of viruses from Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and the South Pacific islands; subtype II consists of viruses from Thailand; subtype III consists of viruses from Sri Lanka, India, Africa and Samoa; subtype IV consists of viruses from Puerto Rico and the 1965 Tahiti virus. Phylogenetic analysis has also contributed to our understanding of the molecular epidemiology and worldwide distribution of DEN-3 viruses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics*
  2. Mapping of domains responsible for nucleocapsid protein-phosphoprotein interaction of Henipaviruses
    Chan YP, Koh CL, Lam SK, Wang LF
    J Gen Virol, 2004 Jun;85(Pt 6):1675-1684.
    PMID: 15166452 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19752-0
    Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are members of a new genus, Henipavirus, in the family paramyxoviridae. Each virus encodes a phosphoprotein (P) that is significantly larger than its counterparts in other known paramyxoviruses. The interaction of this unusually large P with its nucleocapsid protein (N) was investigated in this study by using recombinant full-length and truncated proteins expressed in bacteria and a modified protein-blotting protein-overlay assay. Results from our group demonstrated that the N and P of both viruses were able to form not only homologous, but also heterologous, N-P complexes, i.e. HeV N was able to interact with NiV P and vice versa. Deletion analysis of the N and P revealed that there were at least two independent N-binding sites on P and they resided at the N and C termini, respectively. Similarly, more than one P-binding site was present on N and one of these was mapped to a 29 amino acid (aa) C-terminal region, which on its own was sufficient to interact with the extreme C-terminal 165 aa region of P.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/chemistry*
  3. Fulltext Detection of dengue using PAMAM dendrimer integrated tapered optical fiber sensor
    Mustapha Kamil Y, Al-Rekabi SH, Yaacob MH, Syahir A, Chee HY, Mahdi MA, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 09 17;9(1):13483.
    PMID: 31530893 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49891-7
    The exponential escalation of dengue cases has indeed become a global health crisis. This work elaborates on the development of a biofunctionalized tapered optical fiber (TOF) based sensor with the integration of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer for the detection of dengue E protein. The dimension of the TOF generated an evanescent field that was sensitive to any changes in the external medium while the integration of PAMAM promoted more adhesion of bio-recognition molecules; anti-DENV II E protein antibodies; that were complementary to the targeted protein. This in return created more active sites for the absorption of DENV II E proteins onto the tapered region. The resolution and detection limit of the sensor are 19.53 nm/nM and 1 pM, respectively with Kd = 1.02 × 10-10 M.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/analysis
  4. Fulltext Application of Reverse Genetics in Functional Genomics of Potyvirus
    Kannan M, Zainal Z, Ismail I, Baharum SN, Bunawan H
    Viruses, 2020 07 26;12(8).
    PMID: 32722532 DOI: 10.3390/v12080803
    Numerous potyvirus studies, including virus biology, transmission, viral protein function, as well as virus-host interaction, have greatly benefited from the utilization of reverse genetic techniques. Reverse genetics of RNA viruses refers to the manipulation of viral genomes, transfection of the modified cDNAs into cells, and the production of live infectious progenies, either wild-type or mutated. Reverse genetic technology provides an opportunity of developing potyviruses into vectors for improving agronomic traits in plants, as a reporter system for tracking virus infection in hosts or a production system for target proteins. Therefore, this review provides an overview on the breakthroughs achieved in potyvirus research through the implementation of reverse genetic systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics
  5. Therapeutics and vaccines against chikungunya virus
    Ahola T, Couderc T, Courderc T, Ng LF, Hallengärd D, Powers A, et al.
    Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2015 Apr;15(4):250-7.
    PMID: 25897811 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2014.1681
    Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapies available against chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and these were subjects discussed during a CHIKV meeting recently organized in Langkawi, Malaysia. In this review, we chart the approaches taken in both areas. Because of a sharp increase in new data in these fields, the present paper is complementary to previous reviews by Weaver et al. in 2012 and Kaur and Chu in 2013 . The most promising antivirals so far discovered are reviewed, with a special focus on the virus-encoded replication proteins as potential targets. Within the vaccines in development, our review emphasizes the various strategies in parallel development that are unique in the vaccine field against a single disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/immunology
  6. Fulltext Newcastle disease virus strain AF2240 as an oncolytic virus: A review
    Kalyanasundram J, Hamid A, Yusoff K, Chia SL
    Acta Trop, 2018 Jul;183:126-133.
    PMID: 29626432 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.007
    The discovery of tumour selective virus-mediated apoptosis marked the birth of an alternative cancer treatment in the form of oncolytic viruses. Even though, its oncolytic efficiency was demonstrated more than 50 years ago, safety concerns which resulted from mild to lethal side effects hampered the progress of oncolytic virus research. Since the classical oncolytic virus studies rely heavily on its natural oncolytic ability, virus manipulation was limited, thereby, restricted efforts to improve its safety. In order to circumvent such restriction, experiments involving non-human viruses such as the avian Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was conducted using cultured cells, animal models and human subjects. The corresponding reports on its significant tumour cytotoxicity along with impressive safety profile initiated immense research interest in the field of oncolytic NDV. The varying degree of oncolytic efficiency and virulency among NDV strains encouraged researchers from all around the world to experiment with their respective local NDV isolates in order to develop an oncolytic virus with desirable characteristics. Such desirable features include high tumour-killing ability, selectivity and low systemic cytotoxicity. The Malaysian field outbreak isolate, NDV strain AF2240, also currently, receives significant research attention. Apart from its high cytotoxicity against tumour cells, this strain also provided fundamental insight into NDV-mediated apoptosis mechanism which involves Bax protein recruitment as well as death receptor engagement. Studies on its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in tumour cells also resulted in a proposed p38 MAPK/NF-κB/IκBα pathway. The immunogenicity of AF2240 was also investigated through PBMC stimulation and macrophage infection. In addition, the enhanced oncolytic ability of this strain under hypoxic condition signifies its dynamic tumour tropism. This review is aimed to introduce and discuss the aforementioned details of the oncolytic AF2240 strain along with its current challenges which outlines the future research direction of this virus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics
  7. Identification and comparison of RCMV ALL 03 open reading frame (ORF) among several different strains of cytomegalovirus worldwide
    Balakrishnan KN, Abdullah AA, Bala J, Abba Y, Sarah SA, Jesse FFA, et al.
    Infect Genet Evol, 2017 10;54:81-90.
    PMID: 28642159 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.020
    BACKGROUND: Rat cytomegalovirus ALL-03 (Malaysian strain) which was isolated from a placenta and uterus of a house rat, Rattus rattus diardii has the ability to cross the placenta and infecting the fetus. To further elucidate the pathogenesis of the Malaysian strain of Rat Cytomegalovirus ALL-03 (RCMV ALL-03), detailed analysis on the viral genome sequence is crucial.

    METHODS: Genome sequencing of RCMV ALL-03 was carried out in order to identify the open reading frame (ORF), homology comparison of ORF with other strains of CMV, phylogenetic analysis, classifying ORF with its corresponding conserved genes, and determination of functional proteins and grouping of gene families in order to obtain fundamental knowledge of the genome.

    RESULTS: The present study revealed a total of 123 Coding DNA sequences (CDS) from RCMV ALL-03 with 37 conserved ORF domains as with all herpesvirus genomes. All the CDS possess similar function with RCMV-England followed by RCMV-Berlin, RCMV-Maastricht, and Human CMV. The phylogenetic analysis of RCMV ALL-03 based on conserving genes of herpes virus showed that the Malaysian RCMV isolate is closest to RCMV-English and RCMV-Berlin strains, with 99% and 97% homology, respectively. Similarly, it also demonstrated an evolutionary relationship between RCMV ALL-03 and other strains of herpesviruses from all the three subfamilies. Interestingly, betaherpesvirus subfamily, which has been shown to be more closely related with gammaherpesviruses as compared to alphaherpesviruses, shares some of the functional ORFs. In addition, the arrangement of gene blocks for RCMV ALL-03, which was conserved among herpesvirus family members was also observed in the RCMV ALL-03 genome.

    CONCLUSION: Genomic analysis of RCMV ALL-03 provided an overall picture of the whole genome organization and it served as a good platform for further understanding on the divergence in the family of Herpesviridae.

    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics
  8. Fulltext Neuraminidase Inhibitor of Garcinia atroviridis L. Fruits and Leaves Using Partial Purification and Molecular Characterization
    Muchtaridi M, Nuwarda RF, Ikram EHK, Abdul Rahim AS, Gazzali AM, Wahab HA
    Molecules, 2022 Jan 30;27(3).
    PMID: 35164214 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030949
    Neuraminidase (NA) is an enzyme that prevents virions from aggregating within the host cell and promotes cell-to-cell spread by cleaving glycosidic linkages to sialic acid. The best-known neuraminidase is the viral neuraminidase, which present in the influenza virus. Thus, the development of anti-influenza drugs that inhibit NA has emerged as an important and intriguing approach in the treatment of influenza. Garcinia atroviridis L. (GA) dried fruits (GAF) are used commercially as seasoning and in beverages. The main objective of this study was to identify a new potential neuraminidase inhibitor from GA. A bioassay-guided fractionation method was applied to obtain the bioactive compounds leading to the identification of garcinia acid and naringenin. In an enzyme inhibition study, garcinia acid demonstrated the highest activity when compared to naringenin. Garcinia acid had the highest activity, with an IC50 of 17.34-17.53 µg/mL or 91.22-92.21 µM against Clostridium perfringens-NA, and 56.71-57.85 µg/mL or 298.32-304.31 µM against H1N1-NA. Based on molecular docking results, garcinia acid interacted with the triad arginine residues (Arg118, Arg292, and Arg371) of the viral neuraminidase, implying that this compound has the potential to act as a NA enzyme inhibitor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
  9. Designing probe from E6 genome region of human Papillomavirus 16 for sensing applications
    Parmin NA, Hashim U, Gopinath SCB
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Feb;107(Pt B):1738-1746.
    PMID: 29030179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.051
    Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a standout amongst the most commonly reported over 100 types, among them genotypes 16, 18, 31 and 45 are the high-risk HPV. Herein, we designed the oligonucleotide probe for the detection of predominant HPV type 16 for the sensing applications. Conserved amino acid sequences within E6 region of the open reading frame in the HPV genome was used as the basis to design oligonucleotide probe to detect cervical cancer. Analyses of E6 amino acid sequences from the high-risk HPVs were done to check the percentage of similarity and consensus regions that cause different cancers, including cervical cancer. Basic local alignment search tools (BLAST) have given extra statistical parameters, for example, desire values (E-values) and score bits. The probe, 'GGG GTC GGT GGA CCG GTC GAT GTA' was designed with 66.7% GC content. This oligonucleotide probe is designed with the length of 24 mer, GC percent is between 40 and 70, and the melting point (Tm) is above 50°C. The probe needed an acceptable length between 22 and 31 mer. The choice of region is identified here can be used as a probe, has implications for HPV detection techniques in biosensor especially for clinical determination of cervical cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/chemistry
  10. Fulltext The Role of the Z-DNA Binding Domain in Innate Immunity and Stress Granules
    Chiang C, Li Y, Ng SK
    Front Immunol, 2020;11:625504.
    PMID: 33613567 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.625504
    Both DNA and RNA can maintain left-handed double helical Z-conformation under physiological condition, but only when stabilized by Z-DNA binding domain (ZDBD). After initial discovery in RNA editing enzyme ADAR1, ZDBD has also been described in pathogen-sensing proteins ZBP1 and PKZ in host, as well as virulence proteins E3L and ORF112 in viruses. The host-virus antagonism immediately highlights the importance of ZDBD in antiviral innate immunity. Furthermore, Z-RNA binding has been shown to be responsible for the localization of these ZDBD-containing proteins to cytoplasmic stress granules that play central role in coordinating cellular response to stresses. This review sought to consolidate current understanding of Z-RNA sensing in innate immunity and implore possible roles of Z-RNA binding within cytoplasmic stress granules.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/immunology*
  11. FMO-guided design of darunavir analogs as HIV-1 protease inhibitors
    Chuntakaruk H, Hengphasatporn K, Shigeta Y, Aonbangkhen C, Lee VS, Khotavivattana T, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2024 Feb 13;14(1):3639.
    PMID: 38351065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53940-1
    The prevalence of HIV-1 infection continues to pose a significant global public health issue, highlighting the need for antiretroviral drugs that target viral proteins to reduce viral replication. One such target is HIV-1 protease (PR), responsible for cleaving viral polyproteins, leading to the maturation of viral proteins. While darunavir (DRV) is a potent HIV-1 PR inhibitor, drug resistance can arise due to mutations in HIV-1 PR. To address this issue, we developed a novel approach using the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method and structure-based drug design to create DRV analogs. Using combinatorial programming, we generated novel analogs freely accessible via an on-the-cloud mode implemented in Google Colab, Combined Analog generator Tool (CAT). The designed analogs underwent cascade screening through molecular docking with HIV-1 PR wild-type and major mutations at the active site. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed the assess ligand binding and susceptibility of screened designed analogs. Our findings indicate that the three designed analogs guided by FMO, 19-0-14-3, 19-8-10-0, and 19-8-14-3, are superior to DRV and have the potential to serve as efficient PR inhibitors. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and its potential to be used in further studies for developing new antiretroviral drugs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics
  12. Fulltext Development of a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the quantitative detection of Nipah virus replicative viral RNA
    Jensen KS, Adams R, Bennett RS, Bernbaum J, Jahrling PB, Holbrook MR
    PLoS One, 2018;13(6):e0199534.
    PMID: 29920552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199534
    Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus that can result in severe pulmonary disease and fatal encephalitis in humans and is responsible for outbreaks in Bangladesh, Malaysia, Singapore, India and possibly the Philippines. NiV has a negative-sense RNA genome that contains six genes and serves as a template for production of viral mRNA transcripts. NiV mRNA transcripts are subsequently translated into viral proteins. Traditionally, NiV quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays have relied on using primer sets that amplify a target (N that encodes the nucleocapsid) within the coding region of the viral gene that also amplifies viral mRNA. Here we describe a novel one-step qRT-PCR assay targeting the intergenic region separating the viral F and G proteins, thereby eliminating amplification of the viral mRNA. This assay is more accurate than the traditional qRT-PCR in quantifying concentrations of viral genomic RNA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics
  13. Fulltext Detection of east/central/south African genotype of chikungunya virus in Myanmar, 2010
    Tun MM, Thant KZ, Inoue S, Nabeshima T, Aoki K, Kyaw AK, et al.
    Emerg Infect Dis, 2014 Aug;20(8):1378-81.
    PMID: 25062511 DOI: 10.3201/eid2008.131431
    In 2010, chikungunya virus of the East Central South African genotype was isolated from 4 children in Myanmyar who had dengue-like symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis of the E1 gene revealed that the isolates were closely related to isolates from China, Thailand, and Malaysia that harbor the A226V mutation in this gene.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics
  14. Recombineering linear BACs
    Chen Q, Narayanan K
    Methods Mol Biol, 2015;1227:27-54.
    PMID: 25239740 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1652-8_2
    Recombineering is a powerful genetic engineering technique based on homologous recombination that can be used to accurately modify DNA independent of its sequence or size. One novel application of recombineering is the assembly of linear BACs in E. coli that can replicate autonomously as linear plasmids. A circular BAC is inserted with a short telomeric sequence from phage N15, which is subsequently cut and rejoined by the phage protelomerase enzyme to generate a linear BAC with terminal hairpin telomeres. Telomere-capped linear BACs are protected against exonuclease attack both in vitro and in vivo in E. coli cells and can replicate stably. Here we describe step-by-step protocols to linearize any BAC clone by recombineering, including inserting and screening for presence of the N15 telomeric sequence, linearizing BACs in vivo in E. coli, extracting linear BACs, and verifying the presence of hairpin telomere structures. Linear BACs may be useful for functional expression of genomic loci in cells, maintenance of linear viral genomes in their natural conformation, and for constructing innovative artificial chromosome structures for applications in mammalian and plant cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics*; Viral Proteins/metabolism
  15. Fulltext Dissecting the dynamics of HIV-1 protein sequence diversity
    Hu Y, Tan PT, Tan TW, August JT, Khan AM
    PLoS One, 2013;8(4):e59994.
    PMID: 23593157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059994
    The rapid mutation of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) and the limited characterization of the composition and incidence of the variant population are major obstacles to the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine. This issue was addressed by a comprehensive analysis of over 58,000 clade B HIV-1 protein sequences reported over at least 26 years. The sequences were aligned and the 2,874 overlapping nonamer amino acid positions of the viral proteome, each a possible core binding domain for human leukocyte antigen molecules and T-cell receptors, were quantitatively analyzed for four patterns of sequence motifs: (1) "index", the most prevalent sequence; (2) "major" variant, the most common variant sequence; (3) "minor" variants, multiple different sequences, each with an incidence less than that of the major variant; and (4) "unique" variants, each observed only once in the alignment. The collective incidence of the major, minor, and unique variants at each nonamer position represented the total variant population for the position. Positions with more than 50% total variants contained correspondingly reduced incidences of index and major variant sequences and increased minor and unique variants. Highly diverse positions, with 80 to 98% variant nonamer sequences, were present in each protein, including 5% of Gag, and 27% of Env and Nef, each. The multitude of different variant nonamer sequences (i.e. nonatypes; up to 68%) at the highly diverse positions, represented by the major, multiple minor, and multiple unique variants likely supported variants function both in immune escape and as altered peptide ligands with deleterious T-cell responses. The patterns of mutational change were consistent with the sequences of individual HXB2 and C1P viruses and can be considered applicable to all HIV-1 viruses. This characterization of HIV-1 protein mutation provides a foundation for the design of peptide-based vaccines and therapeutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics*; Viral Proteins/chemistry
  16. Immunogenicity of a truncated enterovirus 71 VP1 protein fused to a Newcastle disease virus nucleocapsid protein fragment in mice
    Ch'ng WC, Saw WT, Yusoff K, Shafee N
    Acta Virol., 2011;55(3):227-33.
    PMID: 21978156
    Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the viruses that cause hand, foot and mouth disease. Its viral capsid protein 1 (VP1), which contains many neutralization epitopes, is an ideal target for vaccine development. Recently, we reported the induction of a strong immune response in rabbits to a truncated VP1 fragment (Nt-VP1t) displayed on a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) capsid protein. Protective efficacy of this vaccine, however, can only be tested in mice, since all EV71 animal models thus far were developed in mouse systems. In this study, we evaluated the type of immune responses against the protein developed by adult BALB/c mice. Nt-VP1t protein induced high levels of VP1 IgG antibody production in mice. Purified VP1 antigen stimulated activation, proliferation and differentiation of splenocytes harvested from these mice. They also produced significant levels of IFN-γ, a Th1-related cytokine. Taken together, Nt-VP1t protein is a potent immunogen in adult mice and our findings provide the data needed for testing of its protective efficacy in mouse models of EV71 infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics; Viral Proteins/immunology*
  17. Molecular analysis of isolates from influenza B outbreaks in the U.S. and Nepal, 2005
    Daum LT, Canas LC, Klimov AI, Shaw MW, Gibbons RV, Shrestha SK, et al.
    Arch Virol, 2006 Sep;151(9):1863-74.
    PMID: 16736092
    Currently circulating influenza B viruses can be divided into two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages referred to by their respective prototype strains, B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87, based on amino acid differences in the hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein. During May and July 2005, clinical specimens from two early season influenza B outbreaks in Arizona and southeastern Nepal were subjected to antigenic (hemagglutinin inhibition) and nucleotide sequence analysis of hemagglutinin (HA1), neuraminidase (NA), and NB genes. All isolates exhibited little reactivity with the B/Shanghai/361/2002 (B/Yamagata-like) vaccine strain and significantly reduced reactivity with the previous 2003/04 B/Hong Kong/330/2001 (B/Victoria-like) vaccine strain. The majority of isolates were antigenically similar to B/Hawaii/33/2004, a B/Victoria-like reference strain. Sequence analysis indicated that 33 of 34 isolates contained B/Victoria-like HA and B/Yamagata-like NA and NB proteins. Thus, these outbreak isolates are both antigenically and genetically distinct from the current Northern Hemisphere vaccine virus strain as well as the previous 2003-04 B/Hong Kong/330/2001 (B/Victoria lineage) vaccine virus strain but are genetically similar to B/Malaysia/2506/2004, the vaccine strain proposed for the coming seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Since these influenza B outbreaks occurred in two very distant geographical locations, these viruses may continue to circulate during the 2006 season, underscoring the importance of rapid molecular monitoring of HA, NA and NB for drift and reassortment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics; Viral Proteins/immunology
  18. Type-3 dengue viruses responsible for the dengue epidemic in Malaysia during 1993-1994
    Kobayashi N, Thayan R, Sugimoto C, Oda K, Saat Z, Vijayamalar B, et al.
    Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1999 Jun;60(6):904-9.
    PMID: 10403318
    To characterize the dengue epidemic that recently occurred in Malaysia, we sequenced cDNAs from nine 1993-1994 dengue virus type-3 (DEN-3) isolates in Malaysia (DEN-3 was the most common type in Malaysia during this period). Nucleic acid sequences (720 nucleotides in length) from the nine isolates, encompassing the precursor of membrane protein (preM) and membrane (M) protein genes and part of the envelope (E) protein gene were aligned with various reference DEN-3 sequences to generate a neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree. According to the constructed tree, the nine Malaysian isolates were grouped into subtype II, which comprises Thai isolates from 1962 to 1987. Five earlier DEN-3 virus Malaysian isolates from 1974 to 1981 belonged to subtype I. The present data indicate that the recent dengue epidemic in Malaysia was due to the introduction of DEN-3 viruses previously endemic to Thailand.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/genetics; Viral Proteins/chemistry
  19. Newcastle disease virus Malaysian strain AF2240 induces apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells at an early stage of the virus life cycle
    Ghrici M, El Zowalaty M, Omar AR, Ideris A
    Int J Mol Med, 2013 Mar;31(3):525-32.
    PMID: 23337979 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1244
    Newcastle disease virus (NDV) AF2240 Malaysian strain is a very virulent avian virus. NDV strain AF2240 was previously demonstrated to induce apoptosis in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. However, at which stage of the NDV life cycle apoptosis is induced and whether NDV replication and protein synthesis are involved in apoptosis induction have yet to be determined. In the present study, we investigated the time course of NDV strain AF2240 nucleoprotein (NP) gene expression and the early apoptotic signs in the form of activation of caspase-8 and mitochondrial transition pore opening. In addition, the induction of apoptosis by both ultraviolet-inactivated and cycloheximide-treated NDV-infected MCF-7 cells were examined. Our findings showed that NDV strain AF2240 induced apoptosis at 1 h post-infection (pi) through activation of mitochondrial transition pore opening and at 2 h through activation of caspase-8, while the NP gene was expressed at 6 h pi. The induced apoptosis was independent of both virus replication and protein synthesis. In conclusion, NDV strain AF2240 induces apoptosis at an early stage of its life cycle, possibly during virus binding or fusion with the cell membrane. The mitochondrial-related pathway may be the central activator in NDV strain AF2240-induced apoptosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/biosynthesis; Viral Proteins/genetics
  20. Nanoglue: an alternative way to display cell-internalizing peptide at the spikes of hepatitis B virus core nanoparticles for cell-targeting delivery
    Lee KW, Tey BT, Ho KL, Tejo BA, Tan WS
    Mol Pharm, 2012 Sep 4;9(9):2415-23.
    PMID: 22775561 DOI: 10.1021/mp200389t
    Cell-internalizing peptides (CIPs) can be used to mediate specific delivery of nanoparticles across cellular membrane. The objective of this study was to develop a display technique using hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid-binding peptide as a "nanoglue" to present CIPs on HBV nanoparticles for cell-targeting delivery. A CIP was selected from a phage display library and cross-linked specifically at the tips of the spikes of the HBV capsid nanoparticle via the "nanoglue" by using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS). Fluorescent oligonucleotides packaged in the nanoparticles and the fluorescein molecules conjugated on the nanoparticles were delivered to cells by using this display technique. This study demonstrated a proof of principle for cell-targeting delivery via "nanoglue" bioconjugation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Viral Proteins/pharmacokinetics*; Viral Proteins/chemistry
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator ([email protected])

External Links