Displaying publications 41 - 55 of 55 in total

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  1. Olfactory ensheathing cells seeded muscle-stuffed vein as nerve conduit for peripheral nerve repair: a nerve conduction study
    Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Hasan S, Ali A, Mahmod M, Htwe O, et al.
    J Biosci Bioeng, 2014 Aug;118(2):231-4.
    PMID: 24598302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2014.02.002
    We evaluated bridging of 15 mm nerve gap in rat sciatic nerve injury model with muscle-stuffed vein seeded with olfactory ensheathing cells as a substitute for nerve autograft. Neurophysiological recovery, as assessed by electrophysiological analysis was faster in the constructed biological nerve conduit compared to that of autograft.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  2. Effect of maternal age, birth weight and infant sex on total nucleated cell (TNC) count and volume of umbilical cord blood (UCB) collected
    Choong SN, Ng YK, Kamalan A, Saraswathy S, Goh EH, Lee MJ, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:55-6.
    PMID: 19024981
    This study evaluates the effect of maternal age, birth weight and infant sex on two main UCB parameters for use and long-term cryopreservation: TNC and volume. Data from 1000 UCB units were collected and analyzed in this study. The results indicate that TNC is correlated to infant birth weight and sex but not maternal age at delivery. Volume is only correlated to birth weight but not maternal age and infant sex.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  3. Fulltext Neural Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Nontherapeutic Applications: Toxicology, Pharmacology, and In Vitro Disease Modeling
    Yap MS, Nathan KR, Yeo Y, Lim LW, Poh CL, Richards M, et al.
    Stem Cells Int, 2015;2015:105172.
    PMID: 26089911 DOI: 10.1155/2015/105172
    Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) derived from either blastocyst stage embryos (hESCs) or reprogrammed somatic cells (iPSCs) can provide an abundant source of human neuronal lineages that were previously sourced from human cadavers, abortuses, and discarded surgical waste. In addition to the well-known potential therapeutic application of these cells in regenerative medicine, these are also various promising nontherapeutic applications in toxicological and pharmacological screening of neuroactive compounds, as well as for in vitro modeling of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Compared to alternative research models based on laboratory animals and immortalized cancer-derived human neural cell lines, neuronal cells differentiated from hPSCs possess the advantages of species specificity together with genetic and physiological normality, which could more closely recapitulate in vivo conditions within the human central nervous system. This review critically examines the various potential nontherapeutic applications of hPSC-derived neuronal lineages and gives a brief overview of differentiation protocols utilized to generate these cells from hESCs and iPSCs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  4. The effect of mesenchymal stem cell-secreted factors on airway epithelial repair
    Halim NS, Aizat WM, Yahaya BH
    Regen Med, 2019 01;14(1):15-31.
    PMID: 30566028 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2018-0020
    AIM: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secreted factors on airway repair.

    MATERIALS & METHODS: An indirect in vitro coculture model of injured airway epithelium explant with MSCs was developed. LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine factors secreted by MSCs and their involvement in epithelium repair was evaluated by histopathological assessment.

    RESULTS: The identification of 54 of MSC proteins of which 44 of them were secretory/extracellular proteins. 43 of the secreted proteins were found to be involved in accelerating airway epithelium repair by stimulating the migratory, proliferative and differentiation abilities of the endogenous repair mechanisms. MSC-secreted proteins also initiated epithelial-mesenchymal transition process during early repair.

    CONCLUSION: MSC-secreted factors accelerated airway epithelial repair by stimulating the endogenous reparative and regenerative ability of lung cells.

    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  5. Fulltext Analysis of octamer-binding transcription factor-4 expression in oral leukoplakia
    Tegginamani AS, Shivakumar VH, Kallarakkal TG, Ismail SM, Abraham MT, Bin Zamzuri AT
    J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 2020 09 09;24(2):400.
    PMID: 33456258 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.JOMFP_272_19
    Background: Oral potentially malignant disorders have a risk for malignant transformation but are difficult to reliably identify and predict which patients are at the risk for malignant transformation. OCT4 has been hypothesized to play a key oncogenic driver in a variety of solid tumors. A deeper understanding of the aberrant molecular pathways which lead to carcinogenesis needs to be identified by the potential markers.

    Aims: To assess the OCT4 stemness factor in oral leukoplakia for its potential risk to malignant transformation.

    Settings and Design: 20 cases of oral leukoplakia were obtained from archives at Oral Cancer Research & Coordinating center (OCRCC) Malaysia Subjects and Methods: 20 cases of oral leukoplakia were assessed by OCT4 immunohistochemically. Oral squamous cell carcinoma was used as a control.

    Result: no expression of OCT 4 was observed in any cases of oral leukoplakia.

    Conclusion: The molecular mechanisms of Oct4 regulation and in particular of its switch on and off in tissues depends upon its microenvironment, which makes it challenging in fundamental and applied research fields of regenerative medicine and cancer therapy. It's better that patients should undergo multiple biopsies for the early detection of malignant transformation with close follow-up during the first two to three years, a large amount of work remains to be done with multi-marker panel investigation, as cure rates have remained constant over three decades.

    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  6. Mesenchymal stem cells: From stem cells to sarcomas
    Lye KL, Nordin N, Vidyadaran S, Thilakavathy K
    Cell Biol Int, 2016 Jun;40(6):610-8.
    PMID: 26992453 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10603
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have garnered vast interests in clinical settings, especially in regenerative medicine due to their unique properties-they are reliably isolated and expanded from various tissue sources; they are able to differentiate into mesodermal tissues such as bones, cartilages, adipose tissues, and muscles; and they have unique immunosuppressive properties. However, there are some concerns pertaining to the role of MSCs in the human body. On one hand, they are crucial component in the regeneration and repair of the human body. On the contrary, they are shown to transform into sarcomas. Although the exact mechanisms are still unknown, many new leads have pointed to the belief that MSCs do play a role in sarcomagenesis. This review focuses on the current updates and findings of the role of MSCs in their transformation process into sarcomas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  7. CRISPR/Cas9 in Stem Cell Research: Current Application and Future Perspective
    Patmanathan SN, Gnanasegaran N, Lim MN, Husaini R, Fakiruddin KS, Zakaria Z
    Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2018;13(8):632-644.
    PMID: 29895256 DOI: 10.2174/1574888X13666180613081443
    The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein 9 or CRISPR/Cas9 system is one of the hottest topics discussed lately due to its robustness and effectiveness in genome editing. The technology has been widely used in life science research including microbial, plant, animal, and human cell studies. Combined with the pluripotency of stem cells, the technology represents a powerful tool to generate various cell types for disease modeling, drug screening, toxicology, and targeted therapies. Generally, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied in genetic modification of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells, after which the cells are differentiated into specific cell types and used for functional analysis or even clinical transplantation. Recent advancement in CRISPR/Cas9 technology has widened the scope of stem cell research and its therapeutic application. This review provides an overview of the current application and the prospect of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, particularly in stem cell research and therapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  8. Characterisation and immunosuppressive activity of human cartilage-derived mesenchymal stem cells
    Sandrasaigaran P, Algraittee SJR, Ahmad AR, Vidyadaran S, Ramasamy R
    Cytotechnology, 2018 Jun;70(3):1037-1050.
    PMID: 29497876 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0182-4
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert potent immuno-regulatory activities on various immune cells and also differentiate into various mesodermal lineages besides retaining a distinct self-renewal ability. Such exclusive characteristics had enabled MSCs to be recognised as an ideal source for cell-based treatment in regenerative medicine and immunotherapy. Thus, considering MSCs for treating degenerative disease of organs with limited regenerative potential such as cartilage would serve as an ideal therapy. This study explored the feasibility of generating human cartilage-derived MSCs (hC-MSCs) from sports injured patients and characterised based on multipotent differentiation and immunosuppressive activities. Cartilage tissues harvested from a non-weight bearing region during an arthroscopy procedure were used to generate MSCs. Despite the classic morphology of fibroblast-like cells and a defined immunophenotyping, MSCs expressed early embryonic transcriptional markers (SOX2, REX1, OCT4 and NANOG) and differentiated into chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteocytes when induced accordingly. Upon co-culture with PHA-L activated T-cells, hC-MSCs suppressed the proliferation of the T-cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although, hC-MSCs did not alter the activation profile of T cells significantly, yet prevented the entering of activated T cells into S phase of the cell cycle by cell cycle arrest. The present study has strengthened the evidence of tissue-resident mesenchymal stem cells in human cartilage tissue. The endogenous MSCs could be an excellent tool in treating dysregulated immune response that associated with cartilage since hC-MSCs exerted both immunosuppressive and regenerative capabilities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  9. Stem Cells Derived from Amniotic Fluid: A Potential Pluripotent-Like Cell Source for Cellular Therapy?
    Ramasamy TS, Velaithan V, Yeow Y, Sarkar FH
    Curr Stem Cell Res Ther, 2018;13(4):252-264.
    PMID: 29336267 DOI: 10.2174/1574888X13666180115093800
    BACKGROUND: Regenerative medicine aims to provide therapeutic treatment for disease or injury, and cell-based therapy is a newer therapeutic approach different from conventional medicine. Ethical issues that rose by the utilisation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) and the limited capacity of adult stem cells, however, hinder the application of these stem cells in regenerative medicine. Recently, isolation and characterisation of c-kit positive cells from human amniotic fluid, which possess intermediate characteristics between hESCs and adult stem cells, provided a new approach towards realising their promise for fetal and adult regenerative medicine. Despite the number of studies that have been initiated to characterize their molecular signature, research on developing approaches to maintain and enhance their regenerative potential is urgently needed and must be developed.

    AIM: Thus, this review is focused on understanding their potential uses and factors influencing their pluripotent status in vitro.

    CONCLUSION: In short, this cell source could be an ideal cellular resource for pluripotent cells for potential applications in allogeneic cellular replacement therapies, fetal tissue engineering, pharmaceutical screening, and in disease modelling.

    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  10. Fulltext Optimization of pre-transplantation conditions to enhance the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells
    Haque N, Kasim NH, Rahman MT
    Int J Biol Sci, 2015;11(3):324-34.
    PMID: 25678851 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.10567
    Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered a potential tool for cell based regenerative therapy due to their immunomodulatory property, differentiation potentials, trophic activity as well as large donor pool. Poor engraftment and short term survival of transplanted MSCs are recognized as major limitations which were linked to early cellular ageing, loss of chemokine markers during ex vivo expansion, and hyper-immunogenicity to xeno-contaminated MSCs. These problems can be minimized by ex vivo expansion of MSCs in hypoxic culture condition using well defined or xeno-free media i.e., media supplemented with growth factors, human serum or platelet lysate. In addition to ex vivo expansion in hypoxic culture condition using well defined media, this review article describes the potentials of transient adaptation of expanded MSCs in autologous serum supplemented medium prior to transplantation for long term regenerative benefits. Such transient adaptation in autologous serum supplemented medium may help to increase chemokine receptor expression and tissue specific differentiation of ex vivo expanded MSCs, thus would provide long term regenerative benefits.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  11. Treat the graft to improve the regenerative ability of the host
    Mamidi MK, Pal R, Govindasamy V, Zakaria Z, Bhonde R
    Med Hypotheses, 2011 Apr;76(4):599-601.
    PMID: 21277690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.01.010
    The staggering number of publications featuring the use of stem cells has revolutionized regenerative medicine research. Preclinical studies indicate that allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be useful for the treatment of several clinical disorders, including sepsis, acute renal failure, acute myocardial infarction, and more recently, acute lung injury (ALI). However, considerable success would not be obtained in clinical trials due to poor survival of transplanted cells under the influence of inflammatory conditions. Despite robust approaches like cellular reprogramming, scaffolds and conditioned media have been tested to overcome this problem; however the success rate of these approaches remain questionable. Recently, pretreatment of bioactive compounds in vitro have been shown to suppress cell apoptosis and promote cell survival. Quite likely a similar phenomenon can take place in vivo. Based on such studies, we hypothesize that MSCs derived from human post-natal tissues could be conditioned and prepared for targeted disease therapy. Depending on the disease condition, the MSCs could be treated prior to delivery with appropriate bioactive compounds to allow them survive longer and perform a better role as biocatalyst. The advantage of this approach could be the tailor made availability of MSCs preconditioned with appropriate bioactive compounds for disease specific therapy. Therefore, the choice of suitable bioactive molecule is likely to enhance the efficacy of targeted stem cell therapy and preconditioning may provide a novel strategy in maximizing biological and functional properties of MSCs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  12. Cell based therapy for osteoarthritis in a sheep model: gross and histological assessment
    Alfaqeh H, Norhamdan MY, Chua KH, Chen HC, Aminuddin BS, Ruszymah BH
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jul;63 Suppl A:37-8.
    PMID: 19024972
    This study was to determine if autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in chondrogenic medium could repair surgically induced osteoarthritis. Sheep BMSCs were cultured in medium containing 5ng/ml TGFbeta3 + 50ng/ml IGF-1 for three weeks. The cultured cells were then suspended at density of 2x10(6) cell/ml and injected intraarticularly into the osteoarthritic knee joint. After six weeks, the distal head of the femur and the proximal tibial plateau were removed and stained with H&E. The results indicated that knee joints treated with autologous BMSCs cultured in chondrogenic medium showed clear evidence of articular cartilage regeneration in comparison with other groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  13. Human platelet lysate permits scale-up of dental pulp stromal cells for clinical applications
    Govindasamy V, Ronald VS, Abdullah AN, Ganesan Nathan KR, Aziz ZA, Abdullah M, et al.
    Cytotherapy, 2011 Nov;13(10):1221-33.
    PMID: 21929379 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.602337
    BACKGROUND AIMS. Dental pulp stromal cells (DPSC) are considered to be a promising source of stem cells in the field of regenerative therapy. However, the usage of DPSC in transplantation requires large-scale expansion to cater for the need for clinical quantity without compromising current good manufacturing practice (cGMP). Existing protocols for cell culturing make use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a nutritional supplement. Unfortunately, FBS is an undesirable additive to cells because it carries the risk of transmitting viral and prion diseases. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of human platelet lysate (HPL) as a substitute for FBS in a large-scale set-up. METHODS. We expanded the DPSC in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium-knock-out (DMEM-KO) with either 10% FBS or 10% HPL, and studied the characteristics of DPSC at pre- (T25 culture flask) and post- (5-STACK chamber) large-scale expansion in terms of their identity, quality, functionality, molecular signatures and cytogenetic stability. RESULTS. In both pre- and post-large-scale expansion, DPSC expanded in HPL showed extensive proliferation of cells (c. 2-fold) compared with FBS; the purity, immune phenotype, colony-forming unit potential and differentiation were comparable. Furthermore, to understand the gene expression profiling, the transcriptomes and cytogenetics of DPSC expanded under HPL and FBS were compared, revealing similar expression profiles. CONCLUSIONS. We present a highly economized expansion of DPSC in HPL, yielding double the amount of cells while retaining their basic characteristics during a shorter time period under cGMP conditions, making it suitable for therapeutic applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  14. Advances in the Generation of Functional β-cells from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells As a Cure for Diabetes Mellitus
    Kalra K, Chandrabose ST, Ramasamy TS, Kasim NHBA
    Curr Drug Targets, 2018;19(13):1463-1477.
    PMID: 29874998 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180605112917
    Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Loss and functional failure of pancreatic β-cells, the parenchyma cells in the islets of Langerhans, progress diabetes mellitus. The increasing incidence of this metabolic disorder necessitates efficient strategies to produce functional β-cells for treating diabetes mellitus. Human induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSC), hold potential for treating diabetes ownig to their self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into β- cells. iPSC technology also provides unlimited starting material to generate differentiated cells for regenerative applications. Progress has also been made in establishing in-vitro culture protocols to yield definitive endoderm, pancreatic endoderm progenitor cells and β-cells via different reprogramming strategies and growth factor supplementation. However, these generated β-cells are still immature, lack functional characteristics and exhibit lower capability in reversing the diseases conditions. Current methods employed to generate mature and functional β-cells include; use of small and large molecules to enhance the reprogramming and differentiation efficiency, 3D culture systems to improve the functional properties and heterogeneity of differentiated cells. This review details recent advancements in the generation of mature β-cells by reprogramming stem cells into iPSCs that are further programmed to β-cells. It also provides deeper insight into current reprogramming protocols and their efficacy, focusing on the underlying mechanism of chemical-based approach to generate iPSCs. Furthermore, we have highlighted the recent differentiation strategies both in-vitro and in-vivo to date and the future prospects in the generation of mature β-cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
  15. Platelet-rich concentrate in serum-free medium enhances cartilage-specific extracellular matrix synthesis and reduces chondrocyte hypertrophy of human mesenchymal stromal cells encapsulated in alginate
    Samuel S, Ahmad RE, Ramasamy TS, Karunanithi P, Naveen SV, Kamarul T
    Platelets, 2019;30(1):66-74.
    PMID: 29090639 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1371287
    Platelet-rich concentrate (PRC), used in conjunction with other chondroinductive growth factors, have been shown to induce chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) in pellet culture. However, pellet culture systems promote cell hypertrophy and the presence of other chondroinductive growth factors in the culture media used in previous studies obscures accurate determination of the effect of platelet itself in inducing chondrogenic differentiation. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PRC alone in enhancing the chondrogenic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) encapsulated in three-dimensional alginate constructs. Cells encapsulated in alginate were cultured in serum-free medium supplemented with only 15% PRC. Scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the cell morphology. Chondrogenic molecular signature of hMSCs was determined by quantitative real-time PCR and verified at protein levels via immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results showed that the cells cultured in the presence of PRC for 24 days maintained a chondrocytic phenotype and demonstrated minimal upregulation of cartilaginous extracellular matrix (ECM) marker genes (SOX9, TNC, COL2, ACAN, COMP) and reduced expression of chondrocyte hypertrophy genes (Col X, Runx2) compared to the standard chondrogenic medium (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Regenerative Medicine
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