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Fulltext Effects of L-arginine on the reproductive system of male rabbits

Sukardi, S., Yaakub, H., Ganabadi, S., Cheng, L.H.

Malays J Nutr, 2006;12(2):201-211.
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L-arginine is an amino acid, which serves as the sole substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with the concomitant formation of L-citrulline in biologic system. NO has been demonstrated to be involved in smooth muscle relaxation and vasodilation, immune regulation and neurotransmission. It also has an important function as both intercellular and intracellular signals in many physiological systems, including the reproductive system where NO mediates penis erection. This study was undertaken to determine the effects of L-arginine on sperm motility, sperm count, and the nitric oxide level in the seminal plasma. Twelve sexually matured male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were randomly divided into four groups with three rabbits each, which were control, low, medium, and high concentration groups. The treatment groups were force-fed with 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 300mg/kg body weight of L-arginine for four weeks, whereas the control group was force-fed with water. Semen samples were collected every three days alternatively for a week before starting treatment and then after four weeks of treatment. Pre-treatment and post-treatment results were compared. Semen samples were collected using artificial vaginas from each group for sperm analysis such as sperm motility, sperm count and NO level in seminal plasma. Sperm motility and sperm count were analysed manually under microscope (twenty power objective), using a Makler counting chamber. NO levels in the seminal plasma were determined using Griess reaction. The results obtained from this study showed that oral consumption of L-arginine exerted a significant (p

Matched MeSH terms: Penis
Fulltext Staged resection in the management of HIV-related anogenital giant condyloma acuminatum. A case report

Loo GH, Lim LY, Zainuddin ZM, Fam XI

Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2019 Dec;48:73-76.
PMID: 31737262 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2019.10.024

Introduction: Giant condyloma acuminata (GCA), also known as Bushke-Lowenstein tumour, is a rare disease which affects 0.1% of the population. Although histopathologically benign, it tends to be locally destructive. The common sites of involvement include the penis and the anorectum. Due to the rarity of the disease, there is a lack of controlled studies on the optimal management of this entity. Thus, we report a case of anogenital GCA in a 40-year-old HIV-positive man.
Case presentation: A 40-year-old man presented with progressive anogenital warts associated with foul-smelling discharge and fever. He has been diagnosed with HIV and was on HAART on presentation. A warty excrescence had infiltrated the entire external genitalia, gluteals and sacral region. Serial excision was performed along with a defunctioning colostomy. The patient recovered well, and the final histopathological showed features of GCA.
Discussion: With HIV, the HPV infection goes unchecked may develop into GCA. Malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma may occur in more than half of the cases. A complex interaction between HIV and HPV may lead to a higher risk of recurrence even after resection. The diagnosis is usually clinical. Imaging modalities may be used in identifying the extent and depth of invasion.
Conclusion: The optimal management of anogenital giant condyloma acuminata remains to be determined. Staged surgical excision should be conducted to achieve an optimum outcome. Radical reconstructive surgery should be reserved for patients with recurrence, malignant transformation or sphincter involvement.

Matched MeSH terms: Penis
Fulltext Erectogenic Effects of Clerodendron capitatum: Involvement of Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibition

Abdelwahab SI, Mohamed AH, Mohamed OY, Oall M, Taha MM, Mohan S, et al.

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2012;2012:137386.
PMID: 21747892 DOI: 10.1155/2012/137386

Clerodendron capitatum (Willd) (family: verbenaceae) is locally named as Gung and used traditionally to treat erectile dysfunction. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the erectogenic properties of C. capitatum. The relaxation effect of this plant was tested on phenylephrine precontracted rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle (CCSM). The effects of C. capitatum were also examined on isolated Guinea pig atria alone, in the presence of calcium chloride (Ca(2+) channel blocker), atropine (cholinergic blocker), and glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive K(+) channel blocker). These effects were confirmed on isolated rabbit aortic strips. The extract, when tested colorimetrically for its inhibitory activities on phosphordiesterase-5 (PDE-5) in vitro towards p-nitrophenyl phenyl phosphate (PNPPP), was observed to induce significant dose-dependent inhibition of PDE-5, with an ID(50) of 0.161 mg/ml (P < .05). In conclusion, our results suggest that C. capitatum possesses a relaxant effect on CCSM, which is attributable to the inhibition of PDE-5, but not mediated by the release calcium, activation of adrenergic or cholinergic receptors, or the activation of potassium channels.

Matched MeSH terms: Penis
Fournier's Gangrene: A Case of Neglected Symptoms with Devastating Physical Loss

Singam P, Wei KT, Ruffey A, Lee J, Chou TG

Malays J Med Sci, 2012 Jul;19(3):81-4.
PMID: 23610554

Fournier's gangrene is a severe life-threatening infection involving the perianal area, perineum, and external genitalia. It demands prompt recognition, critical care therapy, surgical therapy, and a combination of antibiotics. The infection commonly spreads via the fascial planes and causes superficial vascular thrombosis within the Colles' fascia around the external genitalia. It can extend cephalad to involve the Scarpa's fascia and Camper's fascia in the abdominal wall. The treatment would include multiple debridements, which would result in disfiguring scars of the perineum and might lead to significant physical and psychological complications. We describe a case of a 58-years-old man presenting with Fournier's gangrene resulting from an infection of an impacted urethral stone. The patient previously had obstructive voiding symptoms for 1 month but chose to neglect them. The resultant infection was severe and caused penile and right testicular gangrene. He underwent multiple wound debridements, which included a total penectomy and right orchiectomy. Psychological and rehabilitative support was necessary for him to overcome his loss and disfigurement.

Matched MeSH terms: Penis
Metformin mitigates impaired testicular lactate transport/utilisation and improves sexual behaviour in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Nna VU, Abu Bakar AB, Ahmad A, Mohamed M

Arch Physiol Biochem, 2021 Feb;127(1):51-60.
PMID: 31072137 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1610778

CONTEXT: Lactate is the preferred energy substrate for developing testicular germ cells. Diabetes is associated with impaired testicular lactate transport/utilisation, and poor sexual behaviour.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of metformin on parameters involved in testicular lactate production, transport/utilisation, and sexual behaviour in diabetic state.
METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned into normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), and metformin-treated diabetic group (n = 6/group). Metformin (300 mg/kg b.w./day) was administrated orally for 4 weeks.
RESULTS: Intra-testicular glucose and lactate levels, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increased, while the mRNA transcript levels of genes responsible for testicular glucose and lactate transport/utilisation (glucose transporter 3, monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), MCT2, and LDH type C) decreased in DC group. Furthermore, penile nitric oxide increased, while cyclic guanosine monophosphate decreased, with impaired sexual behaviour in DC group. Treatment with metformin improved these parameters.
CONCLUSIONS: Metformin increases testicular lactate transport/utilisation and improves sexual behaviour in diabetic state.

Matched MeSH terms: Penis/metabolism