MyMedR

The main morbid anatomical features of the 176 lung, the 2 tracheal, and the 13 laryngeal cancers seen in the 22,997 post-mortems performed by the University and Government Departments of Pathology, Singapore, from 1948-58 inclusive, are described, and are seen to be as elsewhere. About one-tenth of all cancers admitted to hospital, and of all cancers registered by the Registrar-General (Singapore) from 1954-58 inclusive were in the lung. In 15 per cent of all post-mortems on persons with malignant disease, the primary tumour was of pulmonary origin. The crude death rate for cancer of the lung in Singapore for 1954-58 inclusive was 0-065 per 1000 living per annum. More cases of lung cancer are seen before the age of 40 than in the West. The consumption of tobacco in Singapore is noted to be 3-7 lb. (1.7 kg) per person per annum. A portion of the literature on cancer of the lung in South-East Asia and in China is discussed. I wish to thank Professor R. Kirk for kind help and encouragement, my colleagues of the Government and University Departments of Pathology for access to their post-mortem notes and records, Mr. E. J. Phillips and Mr. S. C. Chua of the Department of Statistics, Singapore, and Mr. Lee of the Customs Department, Singapore, for various data, Mr. Ti Teow See for Fig. 1, and Mr. P. A. Samuel who typed the script. This communication forms part of a thesis for the degree of Ph.D. (Malaya). © 1960, The British Empire Cancer Campaign for Research. All rights reserved.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms

Tumours of the upper respiratory and alimentary tracts

Mekie DEC

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1937;1:20-5.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms

Breast cancer prevention

Khoo EM

Family Physician, 1996;8:3-7.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms

Fulltext Management of colorectal cancer--can we do better?

Gul YA

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):89-90.

PMID: 18942289

Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis; Colorectal Neoplasms/therapy*

Fulltext Cutaneous metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Poovaneswaran S, Paleri V, Charlton F, Dobrowsky W, Kelly C

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Aug;67(4):430-2.

PMID: 23082459 MyJurnal

The presence of cutaneous metastases in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (SCCHN) is rare and associated with a dismal prognosis. It is vital to distinguish these lesions from direct invasion of the skin by SCCHN or primary cutaneous malignancies as the prognosis is vastly different and so is the management. In this case report, we present four cases of cutaneous metastases and also briefly review the literature pertaining to this phenomenon.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy; Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Laryngeal Neoplasms/therapy; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology*; Mouth Neoplasms/therapy; Skin Neoplasms/secondary*; Skin Neoplasms/therapy; Tonsillar Neoplasms/pathology*; Tonsillar Neoplasms/therapy

Management of the pregnant mother with malignant conditions

Sivanesaratnam V

Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2001 Apr;13(2):121-5.

PMID: 11315864

A malignancy discovered in pregnancy is often difficult to manage; the optimal maternal therapy has to be balanced with the fetal well-being. Generally, the cancer is managed as though the patient is not pregnant. For the various site-specific cancers, surgery is the main modality of treatment; this should be individualized. Chemotherapeutic agents are highly teratogenic in the first trimester, with some adverse effects when used after 12 weeks' gestation. The overall survival rate for pregnancy-associated breast cancer is poor; the reasons for this are discussed. For cervical cancer, delivery by caesarean section appears to be the method of choice, with significantly better survival rates compared with those who deliver vaginally. Other gynaecological and non-gynaecological malignancies are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis; Breast Neoplasms/therapy; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy; Ovarian Neoplasms/diagnosis; Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy; Uterine Neoplasms/diagnosis; Uterine Neoplasms/therapy; Endometrial Neoplasms/diagnosis; Endometrial Neoplasms/therapy

Fulltext Cutaneous lesions as a presenting sign of metastases in male breast cancer: a rare clinical entity

Poovaneswaran S, Lee ZEJ, Lim WY, S Raja Gopal N, Mohd Dali F, Mohamad I

Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):168-70.

PMID: 23629568 MyJurnal

Male breast cancer accounts for only 1% of cancers in men and 1% of breast cancers. Cutaneous metastases occur less than 10% of all patients with visceral malignancies and are considered a rare and late event in progression of metastatic disease. A 45-year-old man presented with a lump in the left breast which was confirmed to be infiltrating ductal carcinoma. He underwent a left mastectomy and axillary clearance followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy to the left chest wall. However, he was non-compliant to adjuvant tamoxifen due to hot flushes. One year later, he presented with biopsy proven cutaneous metastases. Initially he had complete excision of the lesions, however, two months later more skin lesions appeared predominantly over the chest wall and back. Hormonal therapy failed to control the metastases as such he was treated with systemic chemotherapy. He is currently on third line chemotherapy.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms*; Skin Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms, Male*

Fulltext Metastatic disease of the proximal femur

Faisham WI, Zulmi W, Biswal BM

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Mar;58(1):120-4.

PMID: 14556337

Since January 1999, ten patients had undergone surgical treatment for metastatic bony lesions of proximal femur at this centre. Seven of these patients were treated for complete pathological fractures, one for impending fracture and one for revision of internal fixation and loosening of hemiarthroplasty. Primary malignancies were located in breast in four cases, prostate in three and one in lung, thyroid and neurofibrosarcoma. Two patients had died within six months after surgery, four after 1 year while the remaining four were still alive. The mean duration of survival was eleven months. Nine patients had been ambulating pain free and there were no failure of reconstruction.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Neoplasms/diagnosis; Bone Neoplasms/secondary*; Bone Neoplasms/surgery; Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis; Breast Neoplasms/pathology*; Breast Neoplasms/surgery; Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis; Lung Neoplasms/pathology*; Lung Neoplasms/surgery; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis; Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology*; Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery; Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnosis; Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology*; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery

Fulltext Cancer Metastases to the Hand: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Dow T, Davis C, ElAbd R, Lalonde D, Williams J

Hand (N Y), 2024 Sep;19(6):865-874.

PMID: 36856295 DOI: 10.1177/15589447231153175

BACKGROUND: Metastatic lesions to the hand or wrist are rare and can mimic inflammatory and benign processes such as gout and infections. This often leads to misdiagnosis, underreporting, and delays in treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine all known cases of metastasis to the hand or wrist available in the literature and to analyze demographic trends, metastasis characteristics, and clinical course, and provide recommendations for management.

METHODS: An online systematic review of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library from inception to January 7, 2022, was completed. Studies outlining the care of a patient with acrometastases of the hand were included. Data extracted included age, sex, site of primary tumor and metastasis, presence of other metastases, time from primary diagnosis to acrometastasis diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment, and survival.

RESULTS: Between 1889 and present, 871 lesions were described in 676 patients who met the inclusion criteria. There was no predilection for hand dominance or site of previous trauma. The mean age among patients was 59.5 (1.5-91) years, and male sex was more common (64.6%). The most common primary cancer source was the lung (39.2%), followed by the kidney (10.8%). The distal phalanx was the most frequently cited tumor location (33.7%). Mean survival after diagnosis of acrometastasis was 6.3 months (0.25-50) ± 11.5 months.

CONCLUSION: Acrometastasis remains an uncommon presentation of metastatic disease with poor prognosis. Treatment currently focuses on pain management and optimizing functional outcomes. Our review led to the development of 7 treatment recommendations when managing these patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/pathology; Lung Neoplasms/pathology; Lung Neoplasms/secondary

Congenital orofacial teratoma in a 22-week foetus

Hamidi LR, Saaid R, Samberkar PN, Wong YP, Tan GC

Malays J Pathol, 2024 Apr;46(1):117-118.

PMID: 38682853

No abstract available.

Matched MeSH terms: Facial Neoplasms/congenital; Facial Neoplasms/pathology; Mouth Neoplasms/congenital; Mouth Neoplasms/diagnosis; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology

Teratoma in infancy and childhood: a ten-year review at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Sinniah D, Prathap K, Somasundram K

Cancer, 1980 Aug 01;46(3):630-2.

PMID: 7397629

A ten-year review revealed a similarity in the incidence of teratoma in relation to other childhood tumors in Malaysian as compared with Caucasian children. The most common sites of origin were the sacropcoccygeal, gonadal, and retroperitoneal areas. The reason for the high incidence of retroperitoneal tumor in our series as compared with other countries is not clear. Late presentation and poor followup are associated with poor prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Abdominal Neoplasms/epidemiology; Abdominal Neoplasms/therapy; Mediastinal Neoplasms/epidemiology; Mediastinal Neoplasms/therapy; Ovarian Neoplasms/epidemiology; Ovarian Neoplasms/therapy; Parotid Neoplasms/epidemiology; Parotid Neoplasms/therapy; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/epidemiology; Retroperitoneal Neoplasms/therapy; Testicular Neoplasms/epidemiology; Testicular Neoplasms/therapy

Fulltext Exploring the link between human papilloma virus and oral and oropharyngeal cancers

Khode SR, Dwivedi RC, Rhys-Evans P, Kazi R

J Cancer Res Ther, 2014 Jul-Sep;10(3):492-8.

PMID: 25313727 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.138213

Squamous cell carcinoma involving the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx regions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide. The recent discovery of a strong association between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and OC and oropharyngeal (OP) cancer has prompted world-wide research into the exact etiology and pathogenesis of these cancers in relation to the HPV. HPV-positive OC/OP cancers generally present at a relatively advanced stage (by virtue of cervical nodal involvement) and are more commonly seen in younger patients without significant exposure to alcohol or tobacco. These factors are implicated in prognosis, regardless of HPV association. In this article, we review the biology and epidemiology, risk factors, association, molecular analyses, treatment response and prognosis of HPV-related cancers. Role of HPV vaccination in HPV-related OC/OP cancers has also been discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/etiology*; Mouth Neoplasms/mortality; Mouth Neoplasms/pathology; Mouth Neoplasms/therapy; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/etiology*; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/mortality; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms/therapy

Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as a sphenoid sinus mass and meningeal carcinomatosis

Hashim H, Rahmat K, Abdul Aziz YF, Chandran PA

Ear Nose Throat J, 2014 Jun;93(6):E20-3.

PMID: 24932824

We report the case of a 30-year-old woman who was referred to us for evaluation of a 2-week history of fever, headache, vomiting, bilateral ptosis, and blurred vision. Imaging obtained by the referring institution had identified a sphenoid sinus mass and diffuse meningeal infiltration, which was thought to represent an infective process. We subsequently identified the mass as a metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The patient was placed under palliative care, and she died 1 month later. Metastases to the sphenoid sinus from any primary source are very rare, and they are generally not considered in the radiologic differential diagnosis. HCC is known to metastasize to the lung, lymph nodes, and musculoskeletal system; again, reported cases of metastasis to the sphenoid sinus are rare. Indeed, our review of the English-language literature found only 6 previously reported cases of sinonasal metastasis of a primary HCC. A diagnosis of a sinonasal metastasis is more difficult in a patient who has no previous diagnosis of a primary malignancy. In presenting this case, our aim is to remind readers of this possibility.

Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/pathology*; Liver Neoplasms/radiography; Lung Neoplasms/radiography; Lung Neoplasms/secondary*; Meningeal Neoplasms/secondary*; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/secondary*

One patient, two lymphomas, three primaries

Eshra A, Al-Hendal A, Al Enezi M, Al-Mishaan M, Abo Dief W

Gulf J Oncolog, 2010 Jul.

PMID: 20601338

Concomitant adenocarcinoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, both located in the intestinal tract, are unusual. Collision tumors of the colon on the other hand are extremely rare neoplasms. A case of true collision tumor of a marginal zone lymphoma and a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon (hepatic flexure) is reported. Simultaneously, a third primary is identified as follicular lymphoma involving the terminal ileum. Correlation with clinical history, radiology investigations, endoscopic findings and histological examination of the resected specimen as well as the use of ancillary techniques such as immunohistochemistry are the most useful in making the correct diagnosis of a synchronous three primaries involving the small bowel and colon. Therefore, we present these three primary synchronous neoplasms involving two different parts of the gastrointestinal tract, with two of these three primaries colliding at one organ.

Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/pathology*; Ileal Neoplasms/pathology*; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology*

Fulltext Sinonasal malignant melanocytic melanoma: a rare case report

Pathma L, Philip R, Harvinder S, Manjit S

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):152-3.

PMID: 18942306 MyJurnal

Malignant melanocytic melanoma is a rare sinonasal malignancy. We present a case report of an elderly lady who presented with epistaxis and intranasal polyps. Computed tomography revealed soft tissue mass in the oropharynx, nasopharynx, left ethmoid and entire maxillary sinus. The mass was removed via endoscopic medial maxillectomy. Histopathology examination revealed sinonasal melanocytic malignant melanoma. At present 17 months postoperatively she is symptom free with no recurrence and under regular follow up.

Matched MeSH terms: Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/pathology*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Nose Neoplasms/pathology*

Fulltext Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum with breast and ocular metastases

Hisham RB, Thuaibah H, Gul YA

Asian J Surg, 2006 Apr;29(2):95-7.

PMID: 16644510

We present the case of a 32-year-old woman who, 10 months after abdominoperineal resection and total mesorectal excision for a locally advanced mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum, presented with local recurrence and metastases to the breast, spine, the left eye and orbit. Following surgery, due to the patient's personal reasons, adjuvant chemoradiation was not given. The patient died 2 months later, with disseminated cancer. To the best of our knowledge, breast as well as ocular metastasis in a patient with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the rectum has never been reported and, therefore, needs to be documented.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/secondary*; Eye Neoplasms/secondary*; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology*

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