MyMedR

Fulltext Three cases of head and neck schwannomas: varied clinical presentation

Philip R, Chong AW, Rosalind S, Gurdeep S, Kalyani S

Med J Malaysia, 2007 Jun;62(2):175-6.

Schwannomas are benign tumors. A series of three unusual cases involving the head and neck region at the Department of ENT, Hospital Ipoh from July 2004 to June 2005 is presented. The first case was a pedunculated schwannoma of the tongue base. The second was a schwannoma of the cervical sympathetic chain who developed a transient Horner's Syndrome upon fine needle aspiration cytology. The third case was a bilobed cervical vagal schwannoma which developed immediate vocal cord palsy postoperatively which was evident at six months follow-up. All tumors were removed surgically.

Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology*; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery

Infantile malignant hemangiopericytoma of the orbit

Arshad AR, Normala B

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg, 2008 3 22;24(2):147-8.

PMID: 18356724 DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0b013e31816746b4

A 5-month-old girl presented with a soft-tissue mass over the lateral aspect of her right eyebrow. Surgical resection revealed a diagnosis of infantile malignant hemangiopericytoma. The mass recurred after excision and reconstruction. The patient died 4 months later with brain and lung metastasis.

Matched MeSH terms: Orbital Neoplasms/pathology*; Orbital Neoplasms/therapy

Fulltext High grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the middle ear treated with extended temporal bone resection

Shailendra S, Elmuntser A, Philip R, Prepageran N

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Aug;63(3):247-8.

PMID: 19248700 MyJurnal

We report a case of High grade Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the middle ear. A 67 year old gentleman was referred to our centre for persistent otalgia associated with facial weakness for four months. Examination revealed a middle ear mass with House Brackmann Grade 3 Facial Palsy and ipsilateral lymhadenopathy. Biopsies suggested a squamous cell carcinoma of the middle ear, and he successfully underwent an Extended Temporal bone resection with External canal reconstruction and neck dissection. Postoperative Histopathology revealed that the tumour was in fact a High Grade Mucoepidermoid carcinoma. He received postoperative radiotherapy and is well one year post operatively.

Matched MeSH terms: Ear Neoplasms/pathology*; Ear Neoplasms/surgery*

Fulltext The distinctive profile of risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in comparison with other head and neck cancer types

Abdulamir AS, Hafidh RR, Abdulmuhaimen N, Abubakar F, Abbas KA

BMC Public Health, 2008;8:400.

PMID: 19055849 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-8-400

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and other head and neck cancer (HNCA) types show a great epidemiological variation in different regions of the world. NPC has multifactorial etiology and many interacting risk factors are involved in NPC development mainly Epstein Barr virus (EBV). There is a need to scrutinize the complicated network of risk factors affecting NPC and how far they are different from that of other HNCA types.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology*; Laryngeal Neoplasms/immunology; Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology; Laryngeal Neoplasms/virology*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/virology*

Chondrosarcoma of the mandible: a case report

Saini R, Abd Razak NH, Ab Rahman S, Samsudin AR

J Can Dent Assoc, 2007 Mar;73(2):175-8.

PMID: 17355810

Chondrosarcomas are malignant tumours of cartilaginous origin. They range from a well-differentiated growth resembling a benign cartilage tumour to a high-grade malignancy with aggressive local behaviour and the potential to metastasize. Only 5% to 10% of chondrosarcomas are known to occur in the head and neck region. A case of chondrosarcoma of the anterior region of the mandible is presented, along with a review of the relevant literature.

Matched MeSH terms: Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology*; Mandibular Neoplasms/surgery

Cerebellar intra-axial dermoid cyst: a case of unusual location

Pant I, Joshi SC

Childs Nerv Syst, 2008 Jan;24(1):157-9.

PMID: 17657495

Intra-axial dermoid cysts are rare intracranial space occupying lesions, more so in the pediatric age group. Dermoid cysts account for about 0.2 to 1.8% of all intracranial tumors and are commonly located in the cisternal spaces, mainly in the cerebellopontine angle and parasellar cisterns. A purely intra-axial position as reported in this paper is quite exceptional.

Matched MeSH terms: Cerebellar Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Cerebellar Neoplasms/surgery

Fulltext Endonasal endoscopic resection of intranasal haemangioma

Ahmad R, Norie A

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Dec;61(5):644-6.

PMID: 17623972 MyJurnal

Intranasal haemangioma is quite rare. This tumor may be confused with other intranasal vascular tumor such as juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), glomus tumors as well as other tumor such as angiosarcoma and leiomyoma. Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is the most common vascular tumor encountered in nasal cavity. A definitive histology diagnosis pre-operatively is difficult to be obtained as the biopsy may lead into severe uncontrolled bleeding. The final diagnosis very much depends on histology after the tumor excision. Complete surgical resection of the tumor is the standard approach. In this report we describe our surgical management in approaching intranasal haemangioma endoscopically and this pathology can be considered as one of differential diagnosis for unilateral nasal mass.

Matched MeSH terms: Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/pathology; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms/surgery*

Risk of colorectal adenomas in a multiethnic Asian patient population: race does not matter

Rajendra S, Ho JJ, Arokiasamy J

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2005 Jan;20(1):51-5.

PMID: 15610446

Ethnic differences have been reported for colorectal polyps and large bowel cancer; although the supporting data is weak and insufficient to draw firm conclusions.

Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology

Fulltext Cyclin D1 expression in acral melanoma: a case control study in Sarawak

Ibrahim ZA, Narihan MZ, Ojep DN, Soosay AE, Pan KL

Malays J Pathol, 2012 Dec;34(2):89-95.

PMID: 23424770 MyJurnal

Acral melanoma has been reported to have distinctive clinical presentation and ethnic distribution compared to other histological types of malignant melanoma. Acral melanoma also exhibits distinctive focused gene amplifications, including cyclin D1 overexpression. We reviewed archived histological material of malignant melanoma in the Sarawak General Hospital from year 2004 to 2010. 43 tumours, comprising 28 acral melanoma and 15 non-acral melanoma, had sufficient material to be included in the study. The majority (36%) of acral melanoma tumours occurred in the heel. The tumours were analyzed for cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry. 68% of acral melanoma were cyclin D1 positive compared to a positivity of 33% in non-acral tumours. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). This finding may improve the histological diagnosis of acral melanoma and detection of positive resection margins.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Neoplasms/metabolism; Skin Neoplasms/pathology*

Fulltext Glomus tympanicum: a report of two cases

Subha ST, Raman R, Prepageran N

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):106-8.

PMID: 16250293

Two cases of glomus tympanium tumor of the middle ear stage 'type A' according to Fisch classification, are presented due to their rarity in this part of the world. These tumors were excised by end aural tympanotomy approach and there has been no recurrence in both patients to date.

Matched MeSH terms: Ear Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Ear Neoplasms/surgery*

Fulltext Malignant ovarian mixed germ cell tumour: a rare combination

Koshy M, Vijayananthan A, Vadiveloo V

Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2005 Oct;1(2):e10.

PMID: 21625278 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.1.2.e10

Ovarian germ cell tumours are very rare and affect mainly young girls and women. Due to this, the conservation of reproductive potential is of great concern. One of the most remarkable advances in oncology is in the treatment of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours. Two histological groups are distinguished: dygerminomas, equivalent to testicular seminomas, and non-dysgerminomatous tumours. We report a case of a 30-year-old nulliparous woman who presented with persistent per vaginal bleeding and was found to have a malignant mixed germ cell tumour comprising of both embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Testicular Neoplasms

Fulltext Benign teratoma of the nasal cavity

Sreetharan SS, Prepageran N

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):678-9.

PMID: 15889573

A teratoma is a true neoplasm composed of an assortment of tissue often alien to the site from it arises. Teratomas of the head and neck are exceedingly rare and usually present in the neonatal period. Most of these are found in the cervical region and nasopharynx. Though most tumors are benign, they are often malignant with regards to the location. Here we present a rare case of benign teratoma arising from the nasal septum and presenting for the first time in a young adult. Appropriate literature is reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Nose Neoplasms/pathology*; Nose Neoplasms/surgery

Fulltext A Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data Reveals an Association between Circulating Levels of IGF-I and Prostate Cancer Risk

Travis RC, Appleby PN, Martin RM, Holly JMP, Albanes D, Black A, et al.

Cancer Res, 2016 04 15;76(8):2288-2300.

PMID: 26921328 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-1551

The role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF) in prostate cancer development is not fully understood. To investigate the association between circulating concentrations of IGFs (IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3) and prostate cancer risk, we pooled individual participant data from 17 prospective and two cross-sectional studies, including up to 10,554 prostate cancer cases and 13,618 control participants. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the ORs for prostate cancer based on the study-specific fifth of each analyte. Overall, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGFBP-3 concentrations were positively associated with prostate cancer risk (Ptrend all ≤ 0.005), and IGFBP-1 was inversely associated weakly with risk (Ptrend = 0.05). However, heterogeneity between the prospective and cross-sectional studies was evident (Pheterogeneity = 0.03), unless the analyses were restricted to prospective studies (with the exception of IGF-II, Pheterogeneity = 0.02). For prospective studies, the OR for men in the highest versus the lowest fifth of each analyte was 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.43) for IGF-I, 0.81 (0.68-0.96) for IGFBP-1, and 1.25 (1.12-1.40) for IGFBP-3. These associations did not differ significantly by time-to-diagnosis or tumor stage or grade. After mutual adjustment for each of the other analytes, only IGF-I remained associated with risk. Our collaborative study represents the largest pooled analysis of the relationship between prostate cancer risk and circulating concentrations of IGF-I, providing strong evidence that IGF-I is highly likely to be involved in prostate cancer development. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2288-300. ©2016 AACR.

Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms/blood; Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology*

Prospective association of liver function biomarkers with development of hepatobiliary cancers

Stepien M, Fedirko V, Duarte-Salles T, Ferrari P, Freisling H, Trepo E, et al.

Cancer Epidemiol, 2016 Feb;40:179-87.

PMID: 26773278 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.01.002

INTRODUCTION: Serum liver biomarkers (gamma-glutamyl transferase, GGT; alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; alkaline phosphatase, ALP; total bilirubin) are used as indicators of liver disease, but there is currently little data on their prospective association with risk of hepatobiliary cancers.

METHODS: A nested-case control study was conducted within the prospective EPIC cohort (>520,000 participants, 10 European countries). After a mean 7.5 mean years of follow-up, 121 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 34 intrahepatic bile duct (IHBC) and 131 gallbladder and biliary tract (GBTC) cases were identified and matched to 2 controls each. Circulating biomarkers were measured in serum taken at recruitment into the cohort, prior to cancer diagnosis. Multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR; 95%CI).

RESULTS: In multivariable models, 1SD increase of each log-transformed biomarker was positively associated with HCC risk (OR(GGT)=4.23, 95%CI:2.72-6.59; OR(ALP)=3.43, 95%CI:2.31-5.10;OR(AST)=3.00, 95%CI:2.04-4.42; OR(ALT)=2.69, 95%CI:1.89-3.84; OR(Bilirubin)=2.25, 95%CI:1.58-3.20). Each liver enzyme (OR(GGT)=4.98; 95%CI:1.75-14.17; OR(AST)=3.10, 95%CI:1.04-9.30; OR(ALT)=2.86, 95%CI:1.26-6.48, OR(ALP)=2.31, 95%CI:1.10-4.86) but not bilirubin (OR(Bilirubin)=1.46,95%CI:0.85-2.51) showed a significant association with IHBC. Only ALP was significantly associated with GBTC risk (OR(ALP)=1.59, 95%CI:1.20-2.09).

CONCLUSION: This study shows positive associations between circulating liver biomarkers in sera collected prior to cancer diagnoses and the risks of developing HCC or IHBC, but not GBTC.

Matched MeSH terms: Bile Duct Neoplasms/metabolism; Bile Duct Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology; Biliary Tract Neoplasms/metabolism; Biliary Tract Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Biliary Tract Neoplasms/pathology; Liver Neoplasms/metabolism; Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Liver Neoplasms/pathology

Fulltext Utility of pre-treatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic factors in breast cancer

Koh CH, Bhoo-Pathy N, Ng KL, Jabir RS, Tan GH, See MH, et al.

Br. J. Cancer, 2015 Jun 30;113(1):150-8.

PMID: 26022929 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2015.183

Peripheral blood-derived inflammation-based scores such as the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have recently been proposed as prognostic markers in solid tumours. Although evidence to support these markers as unfavourable prognostic factors is more compelling in gastrointestinal cancers, very little is known of their impact on breast cancer. We investigated the association between the NLR and PLR, and overall survival after breast cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/blood; Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology*

Fulltext Brain and spinal tumour

Goh CH, Lu YY, Lau BL, Oy J, Lee HK, Liew D, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2014 Dec;69(6):261-7.

PMID: 25934956 MyJurnal

This study reviewed the epidemiology of brain and spinal tumours in Sarawak from January 2009 till December 2012. The crude incidence of brain tumour in Sarawak was 4.6 per 100,000 population/year with cumulative rate 0.5%. Meningioma was the most common brain tumour (32.3%) and followed by astrocytoma (19.4%). Only brain metastases showed a rising trend and cases were doubled in 4 years. This accounted for 15.4% and lung carcinoma was the commonest primary. Others tumour load were consistent. Primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) and astrocytoma were common in paediatrics (60%). We encountered more primary spinal tumour rather than spinal metastases. Intradural schwannoma was the commonest and frequently located at thoracic level. The current healthcare system in Sarawak enables a more consolidate data collection to reflect accurate brain tumours incidence. This advantage allows subsequent future survival outcome research and benchmarking for healthcare resource planning.

Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms; Meningeal Neoplasms; Spinal Cord Neoplasms

Fulltext Characteristics of young colorectal cancer in Brunei Darussalam: an epidemiologic study of 29 years (1986-2014)

Koh KS, Telisinghe PU, Bickle I, Abdullah MS, Chong CF, Chong VH

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(8):3279-83.

PMID: 25921132

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common gastrointestinal cancer and the incidence is increasing. CRC is more common with increasing age, but a proportion occurs in young adults, termed young CRC. This study assessed the incidence and the demographic of young CRC in Brunei Darussalam.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: All histologically proven CRC between 1986 and 2014 registered with the Department of Pathology cancer registry were reviewed and data extracted for analyses. Young CRC was defined as cancer in patients aged less than 45 years. The various population groups were categorized into locals (Malays, Chinese and Indigenous) and expatriates.

RESULTS: Over the study period, there were 1,126 histologically proven CRC (mean age 59.1 ± 14.7 years, Male 58.0%, Locals 91.8% and 8.2% expatriates). Young CRC accounted for 15.1% with the proportion declining over the years, from 29% (1986-1990) to 13.2% (2011-2014). The proportion of young CRC was highest among the indigenous (30.8%), followed by the expatriates (29.3%), Malays (14.3%) and lowest among the Chinese (10.8%). The mean age of young CRC was 35.9 ± 6.2; lowest among the indigenous (33.5 ± 6.7), expatriate (34.9 ± 6.0) groupd and the Malays (35.6 ± 6.5) compared to the Chinese (38.6 ± 4.6), a similar trend being observed in the non-young CRC groups. There were no difference between the genders and tumor locations (rectum or colon) between the young and the non-young CRC cases. Female young CRC was significantly younger than male (p<0.05) without any significant variation between the various population groups (p>0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the young CRC accounted for 15.1% of all CRC with declining trend observed over recent years. Young CRC was more common among indigenous, expatriates and Malays and least common among the Chinese. There were no differences in the gender and tumor locations.

Matched MeSH terms: Colonic Neoplasms/ethnology; Colonic Neoplasms/epidemiology; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology; Rectal Neoplasms/ethnology; Rectal Neoplasms/epidemiology; Rectal Neoplasms/pathology; Colorectal Neoplasms/ethnology; Colorectal Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology

Survival rates of cervical cancer patients in Malaysia

Muhamad NA, Kamaluddin MA, Adon MY, Noh MA, Bakhtiar MF, Ibrahim Tamim NS, et al.

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2015;16(7):3067-72.

PMID: 25854407

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant cancer of the female reproductive organs worldwide. Currently, cervical cancer can be prevented by vaccination and detected at an early stage via various screening methods. Malaysia, as a developing country faces a heavy disease burden of cervical cancer as it is the second most common cancer among Malaysian women. This population based study was carried out to fulfil the primary aim of determining the survival rates of Malaysian women with cervical cancer and associated factors. Data were obtained from two different sources namely, the Malaysian National Cancer Registry (MNCR) and National Health Informatics Centre (NHIC) from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2005. Kaplan Meier analyses were conducted to identify the overall survival rates and median survival time. Differences in survival among different ethnic and age group were compared using the log-rank test. A total of 5,859 patients were included. The median survival time for cervical cancer in this study was 65.8 months and the 5-year survival rate was 71.1%. The overall observed survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 94.1%, 79.3% and 71.1% respectively. The log-rank test finding also showed that there were significant differences in the 5-year survival rate among different ethnic groups. Malays had the lowest survival rate of 59.2% followed by Indians (69.5%) and Chinese (73.8%). The overall 5-year survival rate among patients with cervical cancer in Malaysia is relatively good. Age and ethnic groups remain as significant determining factors for cervical cancer survival rate.

Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality*

Aggressive renal tumour: squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid differentiation

Shepherd ARH, Hoh IMY, Goh EH, Cohen PA, Steele D

ANZ J Surg, 2017 Dec;87(12):1054-1056.

PMID: 25962888 DOI: 10.1111/ans.13155

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms/pathology*; Kidney Neoplasms/surgery

Fulltext Ewing's sarcoma of the talus in a four-year-old child

Rasit AH, Sharaf I, Rahman HA

Med J Malaysia, 2001 Jun;56 Suppl C:86-8.

PMID: 11814259

Ewing's sarcoma is a rare malignant tumor of the foot in children. We report a case of Ewing's sarcoma of the talus in a four-year-old Chinese girl to highlight the initial difficulty in diagnosis and the clinical course of the disease. She was initially diagnosed as osteomyelitis of the talus and died eight months after presentation with pleural and spinal metastases. To the best of our knowledge, Ewing's sarcoma of the talus in a young child has never been reported in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Neoplasms/pathology*; Bone Neoplasms/radiography*

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