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  1. Kesejahteraan psikologikal Orang Asli di Pertak dan Gerachi Jaya
    Desa A, Ahmad A, Sharkawi Z
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2009;olume 23:19-25.
    This study explores whether differences in levels of psychological well-being exist between the Orang Asli in Pertak and those in Gerachi Jaya. Field studies were conductecl on orang Asli in both these villages by using structured interviews. Psychological well-being questionnaires were modified by the researcher based on the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff 1989). Psychological well-being was measured in terms of autonomy, control environment, personal development and positive relationships. This study involved 40 Orang Asli from Gerachi City and 35 Orang Asli from Pertak. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using t-tests. Results show that the levels of psychological well-being between the two groups were not significantly different (t= 0.339, k> 0.05). Implications are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  2. Fulltext Pengurusan elemen psikologikal sebagai persediaan menghadapi bencana: satu kajian kualitatif terhadap mangsa banjir di Kelantan
    Norizan Y
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2016;30:74-81.
    Disaster is that which stimulates a pronounced effect on the one who experiences it. Not only does it result in a physical effect but also a significant psychological repercussion on the victim. The bulk of disaster management researches give too great an emphasis on the physical outlook such as property and health, relative to the psychological aftermath and its management aspect. This research has taken the qualitative approach through an extensive interview with five victims of the flash flood catastrophe in Kelantan to identify the sustained psychological effect as well as how the management of psychological support aspect can be of assistance for the victims. The acquisition of the research findings encompassed several themes namely sustained emotion theme, sustained psychological issue theme along with management of psychological victim aspect. The outcome of the resulting theme corroborated with the disaster management model via three stages namely, induction, identification and assessment, and finally, development and preservation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  3. Comparing the accuracy of density forecasts from competing GARCH models
    Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd Nor, Ahmad Shamiri, Zaidi Isa
    Sains Malaysiana, 2009;38.
    In this research we introduce an analyzing procedure using the Kullback-Leibler information criteria (KLIC) as a statistical tool to evaluate and compare the predictive abilities of possibly misspecified density forecast models. The main advantage of this statistical tool is that we use the censored likelihood functions to compute the tail minimum of the KLIC, to compare the performance of a density forecast models in the tails. Use of KLIC is practically attractive as well as convenient, given its equivalent of the widely used LR test. We include an illustrative simulation to compare a set of distributions, including symmetric and asymmetric distribution, and a family of GARCH volatility models. Our results on simulated data show that the choice of the conditional distribution appears to be a more dominant factor in determining the adequacy and accuracy (quality) of density forecasts than the choice of volatility model.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  4. Application of functional data analysis for the treatment of missing air quality data
    Norshahida Shaadan, Sayang Mohd Deni, Abdul Aziz Jemain
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1531-1540.
    In most research including environmental research, missing recorded data often exists and has become a common problem for data quality. In this study, several imputation methods that have been designed based on the techniques for functional data analysis are introduced and the capability of the methods for estimating missing values is investigated. Single imputation methods and iterative imputation methods are conducted by means of curve estimation using regression and roughness penalty smoothing approaches. The performance of the methods is compared using a reference data set, the real PM10 data from an air quality monitoring station namely the Petaling Jaya station located at the western part of Peninsular Malaysia. A hundred of the missing data sets that have been generated from a reference data set with six different patterns of missing values are used to investigate the performance of the considered methods. The patterns are simulated according to three percentages (5, 10 and 15) of missing values with respect to two different sizes (3 and 7) of maximum gap lengths (consecutive missing points). By means of the mean absolute error, the index of agreement and the coefficient of determination as the performance indicators, the results have showed that the iterative imputation method using the roughness penalty approach is more flexible and superior to other methods.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  5. Fulltext Latest development in microalgae-biofuel production with nano-additives
    Hossain N, Mahlia TMI, Saidur R
    Biotechnol Biofuels, 2019;12:125.
    PMID: 31139255 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1465-0
    Background: Microalgae have been experimented as a potential feedstock for biofuel generation in current era owing to its' rich energy content, inflated growth rate, inexpensive culture approaches, the notable capacity of CO2 fixation, and O2 addition to the environment. Currently, research is ongoing towards the advancement of microalgal-biofuel technologies. The nano-additive application has been appeared as a prominent innovation to meet this phenomenon.

    Main text: The main objective of this study was to delineate the synergistic impact of microalgal biofuel integrated with nano-additive applications. Numerous nano-additives such as nano-fibres, nano-particles, nano-tubes, nano-sheets, nano-droplets, and other nano-structures' applications have been reviewed in this study to facilitate microalgae growth to biofuel utilization. The present paper was intended to comprehensively review the nano-particles preparing techniques for microalgae cultivation and harvesting, biofuel extraction, and application of microalgae-biofuel nano-particles blends. Prospects of solid nano-additives and nano-fluid applications in the future on microalgae production, microalgae biomass conversion to biofuels as well as enhancement of biofuel combustion for revolutionary advancement in biofuel technology have been demonstrated elaborately by this review. This study also highlighted the potential biofuels from microalgae, numerous technologies, and conversion processes. Along with that, the study recounted suitability of potential microalgae candidates with an integrated design generating value-added co-products besides biofuel production.

    Conclusions: Nano-additive applications at different stages from microalgae culture to end-product utilization presented strong possibility in mercantile approach as well as positive impact on the environment along with valuable co-products generation into the near future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  6. Asymmetry dynamic volatility forecast evaluations using interday and intraday data
    Chin WC, Chin WC, Zaidi Isa, Abu Hassan Shaari Mohd Nor
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:1287-1299.
    The accuracy of financial time series forecasts often rely on the model precision and the availability of actual observations for forecast evaluations. This study aimed to tackle these issues in order to obtain a suitable asymmetric time-varying volatility model that outperformed in the forecast evaluations based on interday and intraday data. The model precision was examined based on the most appropriate time-varying volatility representation under the autoregressive conditional heteroscedascity framework. For forecast precision, the evaluations were conducted under three loss functions using the volatility proxies and realized volatility. The empirical studies were implemented on two major financial markets and the estimated results are applied in quantifying their market risks. Empirical results indicated that Zakoian model provided the best in-sample forecasts whereas DGE on the other hand indicated better out-of-sample forecasts. For the type of volatility proxy selection, the implementation of intraday data in the latent volatility indicated significant improvement in all the time horizon forecasts.
    Matched MeSH terms: Empirical Research
  7. Fulltext Kefungsian keluarga dan perkaitannya dengan motivasi pencapaian: satu kajian di kementerian sumber manusia
    Ahmad Khairuddin Mohd G, Haikal Anuar A, Daniella M, Najwa Afiqa R, Nazuha S
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:165-175.
    Family functioning and achievement motivation are two aspects that have been frequently discussed by psychologists. Findings from previous research found that both aspects are related to each other. The objective of this research was to identify the levels of family functioning and motivation achievements among civil servants from the Ministry of Human Resources. Besides that, this research intended to observe the influence of family functioning towards motivation achievement of the same sample. This research involved 945 respondents comprised of employees with different grades and position within the Ministry of Human Resource in which they were chosen via simple random sampling. The Family Functioning Style Scale (FFSS) was used to measure family functioning while the Cassidy and Lynn Achievement Scale (CLAM) was used to measure achievement motivation. Analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 22 on the data collected. Results showed that majority of the respondents were found to have high levels of family functioning, however, majority of the respondents reported average level of achievement motivation. Results also found that family functioning was influential to motivation achievement.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Design
  8. On discordance test for the wrapped normal data
    Adzhar Rambli, Safwati Ibrahim, Mohd Ikhwan Abdullah, Abdul Ghapor Hussin, Ibrahim Mohamed
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:769-778.
    This paper focuses on detecting outliers in the circular data which follow the wrapped normal distribution. We considered four discordance tests based on M, C, D and A statistics. The cut-off points of the four tests were obtained and the performance of the detection procedures was studied via simulations. In general, we showed that the discordance test based on the A statistic outperforms the other tests in all cases. For illustration, the city of Kuantan wind direction data set was considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  9. Point forecast Markov Switching model for U.S. Dollar/ Euro exchange rate
    MOSTAFAEI H, Safaei M
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:481-488.
    This research proposes a point forecasting method into Markov switching autoregressive model. In case of two regimes, we proved the probability that h periods later process will be in regime 1 or 2 is given by steady-state probabilities. Then, using the value of h-step-ahead forecast data at time t in each regime and using steady-state probabilities, we present an h-step-ahead point forecast of data. An empirical application of this forecasting technique for U.S. Dollar/ Euro exchange rate showed that Markov switching autoregressive model achieved superior forecasts relative to the random walk with drift. The results of out-of-sample forecast indicate that the fluctuations of U.S. Dollar/ Euro exchange rate from May 2011 to May 2013 will be rising.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  10. Search for Supersymmetry with a Compressed Mass Spectrum in Events with a Soft τ Lepton, a Highly Energetic Jet, and Large Missing Transverse Momentum in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV
    Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Ambrogi F, Bergauer T, Brandstetter J, et al.
    Phys Rev Lett, 2020 Jan 31;124(4):041803.
    PMID: 32058742 DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.041803
    The first search for supersymmetry in events with an experimental signature of one soft, hadronically decaying τ lepton, one energetic jet from initial-state radiation, and large transverse momentum imbalance is presented. These event signatures are consistent with direct or indirect production of scalar τ leptons (τ[over ˜]) in supersymmetric models that exhibit coannihilation between the τ[over ˜] and the lightest neutralino (χ[over ˜]_{1}^{0}), and that could generate the observed relic density of dark matter. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.2  fb^{-1} of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2016 and 2017. The results are interpreted in a supersymmetric scenario with a small mass difference (Δm) between the chargino (χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±}) or next-to-lightest neutralino (χ[over ˜]_{2}^{0}), and the χ[over ˜]_{1}^{0}. The mass of the τ[over ˜] is assumed to be the average of the χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±} and χ[over ˜]_{1}^{0} masses. The data are consistent with standard model background predictions. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the sum of the χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±}, χ[over ˜]_{2}^{0}, and τ[over ˜] production cross sections for Δm(χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±},χ[over ˜]_{1}^{0})=50  GeV, resulting in a lower limit of 290 GeV on the mass of the χ[over ˜]_{1}^{±}, which is the most stringent to date and surpasses the bounds from the LEP experiments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  11. Fulltext An Octagonal Ring-shaped Parasitic Resonator Based Compact Ultrawideband Antenna for Microwave Imaging Applications
    Hossain A, Islam MT, Almutairi AF, Singh MSJ, Mat K, Samsuzzaman M
    Sensors (Basel), 2020 Mar 01;20(5).
    PMID: 32121477 DOI: 10.3390/s20051354
    An Ultrawideband (UWB) octagonal ring-shaped parasitic resonator-based patch antenna for microwave imaging applications is presented in this study, which is constructed with a diamond-shaped radiating patch, three octagonal, rectangular slotted ring-shaped parasitic resonator elements, and partial slotting ground plane. The main goals of uses of parasitic ring-shaped elements are improving antenna performance. In the prototype, various kinds of slots on the ground plane were investigated, and especially rectangular slots and irregular zigzag slots are applied to enhance bandwidth, gain, efficiency, and radiation directivity. The optimized size of the antenna is 29 × 24 × 1.5 mm3 by using the FR-4 substrate. The overall results illustrate that the antenna has a bandwidth of 8.7 GHz (2.80 ̶ 11.50 GHz) for the reflection coefficient S11 < -10 dB with directional radiation pattern. The maximum gain of the proposed prototype is more than 5.7 dBi, and the average efficiency over the radiating bandwidth is 75%. Different design modifications are performed to attain the most favorable outcome of the proposed antenna. However, the prototype of the proposed antenna is designed and simulated in the 3D simulator CST Microwave Studio 2018 and then effectively fabricated and measured. The investigation throughout the study of the numerical as well as experimental data explicit that the proposed antenna is appropriate for the Ultrawideband-based microwave-imaging fields.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  12. Fulltext Researching social innovation: is the tail wagging the dog?
    Rhule ELM, Allotey PA
    Infect Dis Poverty, 2020 Jan 13;9(1):3.
    PMID: 31931879 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0616-7
    BACKGROUND: Social Innovation in health initiatives have the potential to address unmet community health needs. For sustainable change to occur, we need to understand how and why a given intervention is effective. Bringing together communities, innovators, researchers, and policy makers is a powerful way to address this knowledge gap but differing priorities and epistemological backgrounds can make collaboration challenging.

    MAIN TEXT: To overcome these barriers, stakeholders will need to design policies and work in ways that provide an enabling environment for innovative products and services. Inherently about people, the incorporation of community engagement approaches is necessary for both the development of social innovations and accompanying research methodologies. Whilst the 'appropriate' level of participation is linked to intended outcomes, researchers have a role to play in better understanding how to harness the power of community engagement and to ensure that community perspectives form part of the evidence base that informs policy and practice.

    CONCLUSIONS: To effectively operate at the intersection between policy, social innovation, and research, all collaborators need to enter the process with the mindset of learners, rather than experts. Methods - quantitative and qualitative - must be selected according to research questions. The fields of implementation research, community-based participatory research, and realist research, amongst others, have much to offer. So do other sectors, notably education and business. In all this, researchers must assume the mantel of responsibility for research and not transfer the onus to communities under the guise of participation. By leveraging the expertise and knowledge of different ecosystem actors, we can design responsive health systems that integrate innovative approaches in ways that are greater than the sum of their parts.

    Matched MeSH terms: Qualitative Research*; Community-Based Participatory Research/organization & administration*
  13. Helicobacter pylori overcomes natural immunity in repeated infections
    Stenström B, Windsor HM, Fulurija A, Benghezal M, Kumarasinghe MP, Kimura K, et al.
    Clin Case Rep, 2016 11;4(11):1026-1033.
    PMID: 27830066
    Repeated experimental reinfection of two subjects indicates that Helicobacter pylori infection does not promote an immune response protective against future reinfection. Our results highlight the importance of preventing reinfection after eradication, through public health initiatives, and possibly treatment of family members. They indicate difficulties for vaccine development, especially therapeutic vaccines.
    Matched MeSH terms: Biomedical Research
  14. Fulltext Research in general practice in Malaysia
    Balasundaram R
    Family Practitioner, 1973;1(1):8.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  15. Fulltext Statistical estimators as an alternative to standard deviation in weighted euclidean distance cluster analysis
    Dalatu, Paul Inuwa, Habshah Midi
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2018;26(4):1823-1836.
    MyJurnal
    Clustering is basically one of the major sources of primary data mining tools. It makes
    researchers understand the natural grouping of attributes in datasets. Clustering is an
    unsupervised classification method with the major aim of partitioning, where objects in the
    same cluster are similar, and objects which belong to different clusters vary significantly,
    with respect to their attributes. However, the classical Standardized Euclidean distance,
    which uses standard deviation to down weight maximum points of the ith features on the
    distance clusters, has been criticized by many scholars that the method produces outliers,
    lack robustness, and has 0% breakdown points. It also has low efficiency in normal
    distribution. Therefore, to remedy the problem, we suggest two statistical estimators
    which have 50% breakdown points namely the Sn and Qn estimators, with 58% and 82%
    efficiency, respectively. The proposed methods evidently outperformed the existing methods
    in down weighting the maximum points of the ith features in distance-based clustering
    analysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel
  16. Validation of the hypothesis on carrying capacity limits using the water environment carrying capacity
    Zhou XY, Zheng B, Khu ST
    Sci Total Environ, 2019 May 15;665:774-784.
    PMID: 30790750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.146
    The concept of "carrying capacity" has been widely used in various disciplines in reference to human-environment sustainability. No unified cognition exists regarding carrying capacity limits for humans. As a typical type of carrying capacity, the water environment carrying capacity (WECC) has been researched for human-water environment sustainability. However, most recent research has focused on the assessment of the water environment carrying capacity of a certain region or river basin. The detailed resilience potential of human-water environment systems that could improve the local water environment carrying capacity has not been systematically exploited. The key concerns of the existence of water environment carrying capacity limits and the exact value have not been addressed. This study first distinguished the characteristics of related concepts, such as carrying capacity, planetary boundaries, resilience, limitations, thresholds and tipping points. An analytical framework was then established to exploit the resilience potential from the four dimensions of "scale, structure, pattern and network". The economy scale with full use of the resilience potential is 11,511,880 M yuan under the current technology and development status, which is nearly 37 times that of the current scale of the economy. The analytical framework confirms that the limit on the water environment carrying capacity is a dynamic value, which could be changed from the four dimensions. The socioeconomic scale that the local water environment can support would be nearly unlimited in some extreme ideal situation. The results would provide some enlightenment on the carrying capacity and other similar marked concepts of theoretical research and provide support for human-environment sustainability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  17. Examining Rater Judgements in Music Performance Assessment using Many-Facets Rasch Rating Scale Measurement Model
    Ooi PS, Engelhard G
    J Appl Meas, 2019;20(1):79-99.
    PMID: 30789834
    The fairness of raters in music performance assessment has become an important concern in the field of music. The assessment of students' music performance depends in a fundamental way on rater judgements. The quality of rater judgements is crucial to provide fair, meaningful and informative assessments of music performance. There are many external factors that can influence the quality of rater judgements. Previous research has used different measurement models to examine the quality of rater judgements (e.g., generalizability theory). There are limitations with the previous analysis methods that are based on classical test theory and its extensions. In this study, we use modern measurement theory (Rasch measurement theory) to examine the quality of rater judgements. The many-facets Rasch rating scale model is employed to investigate the extent of rater-invariant measurement in the context of music performance assessments related to university degrees in Malaysia (159 students rated by 24 raters). We examine the rating scale structure, the severity levels of the raters, and the judged difficulty of the items. We also examine the interaction effects across musical instrument subgroups (keyboard, strings, woodwinds, brass, percussions and vocal). The results suggest that there were differences in severity levels among the raters. The results of this study also suggest that raters had different severity levels when rating different musical instrument subgroups. The implications for research, theory and practice in the assessment of music performance are included in this paper.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  18. Preferred Reporting Items for study Designs in Endodontology (PRIDE): guiding authors to identify and correct reporting deficiencies in their manuscripts prior to peer review
    Nagendrababu V, Kishen A, Chong BS, Priya E, Duncan HF, Rôças IN, et al.
    Int Endod J, 2020 May;53(5):589-590.
    PMID: 32277771 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13276
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Design
  19. The synthesis and decomposition of signals and its application in subei basin exploration
    Xiangsheng Bao, Quanwen Liu, Haiyan Zhou
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2169-2177.
    Subei basin is the most promising onshore oil and gas bearing basin in South China. With the deepening of exploration, subtle hydrocarbon reservoirs have gradually become the major target of exploration. Seismic record often shows low signal to noise ratio (SNR), resulting that conventional seismic records have three shortcomings in the identification of subtle reservoirs: difficult to identify small faults; difficult to show the distribution law of sand body; and difficult to find traps. In order to solve this problem, we conducted the research on signal synthesis and decomposition. The research results showed that seismic record of different frequency bands can be restored from original seismic record and both of them contain real stratigraphic information. Based on this, when a certain band or several bands in the original seismic record is affected by noise and result in the reduction of SNR of seismic record, seismic information seriously affected by noise can be abandoned, leaving only less affected seismic information to obtain seismic record with higher SNR. In the collection of actual seismic record, the low and high band seismic information is seriously affected by noise, while medium-band seismic information is less affected. Therefore, based on this, the medium-band seismic information can be restored from the original seismic record to be new record, which is called predominant frequency band seismic record. In this paper, based on the research result, the predominant frequency band seismic record was applied to the two areas of Subei basin and the result showed the research result can be used as a good instruction on well placement and the improvement of drilling success rate.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
  20. Non-seismic geophysical prospecting model of beiya gold mine in western yunnan province
    Jian Yang, Qiao Wang, Shengxian Liang, Jing Guo, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:2149-2162.
    According to the basic rules and characteristics of the gold-polymetallic deposits of Beiya gold mine area in terms of mineralization and ore controlling, it is concluded that skarn deposit is the main ore deposit type in this area and the geological conditions are analyzed by the statistics of the physical parameters. Then, the tectonic, rocks, stratum, ore geophysical models have been treated by the forward modeling numerical simulation and the results are analyzed comprehensively. Based on the forward modeling results, combined with the relevant physical differences, the principle and exploration method test and research for the comprehensive geophysical exploration technology has been carried out, covering the induced polarization and magnetic prospecting for the ore body as well as the indirect geophysical exploration method by means of plane gravity data, audio-magnetotelluric sounding for rock mass and tectonics, the mineralization mode-physical forward modeling - geophysical exploration mode has been established and good results have been achieved. Therefore, a location forecast method has been put forward for the concealed skarn type Fe-Au deposit which is adaptive to the mineralized geological background of Beiya and other similar areas.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research
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