MyMedR

Recent patents on topical application of honey in wound and burn management

Benhanifia MB, Boukraâ L, Hammoudi SM, Sulaiman SA, Manivannan L

Recent Pat Inflamm Allergy Drug Discov, 2011 Jan;5(1):81-6.

PMID: 21171951

Topical application of honey to burn and wounds has been found to be effective in controlling infection and producing a clean granulating bed. It is suggested that the wound healing effect of honey may in part be related to the release of inflammatory cytokines from surrounding tissue cells, mainly monocytes and macrophages. It has been reported that honey hastens wound healing by accelerating wound contractions. Microscopic evaluation demonstrated that there was a significant acceleration of dermal repair in wound treated with honey. Macroscopic and microscopic observations under in vivo assessment suggested that the topical application of honey might have favourable influences on the various phases of burn and wound healing hence accelerating the healing process. The regulatory effects of honey are related to components other than the sugars. However, the mechanisms by which honey affects the release of anti inflammatory agents and growth factors from monocytic cells are as yet unclear. Whether honey affects other cell types, particularly endothelial cells and fibroblasts, involved in wound healing also needs to be clarified. The present article is a short review of recent patents on the healing effect of honey in wound and burn management.

Matched MeSH terms: Burns/drug therapy*; Inflammation/drug therapy

Significant resolution of tuberculous pleural effusion on chemotherapy alone

Loh LC, Lim BK, Wan Yusuf S

J R Coll Physicians Edinb, 2010 Jun;40(2):100-4.

PMID: 21125048 DOI: 10.4997/JRCPE.2010.202

As a standard, significant pleural effusion, whether tuberculous (TB) or not, requires therapeutic thoracocentesis. We tested the hypothesis that standard anti-TB chemotherapy alone can resolve significant pleural effusion.

Matched MeSH terms: Pleural Effusion/drug therapy*; Tuberculosis, Pleural/drug therapy*

Fulltext Outcome of patients presenting with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy) in a tertiary centre--a five year experience

Tang IP, Lee SC, Shashinder S, Raman R

Med J Malaysia, 2009 Jun;64(2):155-8.

PMID: 20058577

This is a retrospective study. The objective of this study is to review the factors influencing the outcome of treatment for the patients presented with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. The demographic data, clinical presentation and management of 84 patients with idiopathic facial nerve paralysis (Bell's palsy) were collected from the medical record office, reviewed and analyzed from 2000 to 2005. Thirty-four (72.3%) out of 47 patients who were treated with oral prednisolone alone, fully recovered from Bell's palsy meanwhile 36 (97%) out of 37 patients who were treated with combination of oral prednisolone and acyclovir fully recovered. The difference was statistically significant. 42 (93.3%) out of 45 patients who presented within three days to our clinic, fully recovered while 28 (71.8%) out of 39 patients presented later then three days had full recovery from Bell's palsy. The difference was statistically significant. The outcome of full recovery is better with the patients treated with combined acyclovir and prednisolone compared with prednisolone alone. The patients who were treated after three days of clinical presentation, who were more than 50 years of age, who had concurrent chronic medical illness and facial nerve paralysis HB Grade IV to VI during initial presentation have reduced chance of full recovery of facial nerve paralysis.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Therapy, Combination; Bell Palsy/drug therapy*

Term interstitial pregnancy with uterine conservation

Ng PH, NorAzlin MI, Nasri NI

Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2007 Dec;99(3):251.

PMID: 17888439

Matched MeSH terms: Placenta Diseases/drug therapy*; Pregnancy, Ectopic/drug therapy*

Successful treatment of mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in a Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)

Mylniczenko ND, Manharth AL, Clayton LA, Feinmehl R, Robbins M

J. Zoo Wildl. Med., 2005 Jun;36(2):346-8.

PMID: 17323584

An adult, female Malayan sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) was diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the rostral mandible. Initial treatment included bilateral mandibulectomy rostral to the lingual frenulum followed by intra- and perilesional cisplatin injections. Recovery after the procedure was uneventful and the Malayan sun bear adapted well to a shortened mandible. Histopathology indicated incomplete surgical excision of the tumor; therefore, radiation therapy was instituted weekly for four treatments at 2 Gy in parallel opposed fields (total 4 Gy each treatment) with one additional cisplatin treatment. Two years after initial presentation, the animal showed no recurrence of neoplasia.

Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy; Mandibular Neoplasms/drug therapy

Fulltext Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhi in a patient with osteomyelitis of the rib

Wilson G, Prabhu N, Easow JM, Mukhopadhyay C

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Dec;60(5):667-9.

PMID: 16515126

Salmonella osteomyelitis of the rib is a rare clinical entity. In our case, a muhidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi was isolated from an immuno-competent patient with osteomyclitis of the ribs, who was treated earlier with ciprotloxacin for typhoid fever. The patient was successfully treated for osteomyclitis with intravenous ceftriaxone.

Matched MeSH terms: Osteomyelitis/drug therapy*; Typhoid Fever/drug therapy*

Fulltext Pituitary thyroid resistance syndrome

Norlela S, Nor Azmi K, Khalid BAK

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Dec;60(5):642-3.

PMID: 16515117

Thyroid hormone resistance (RTH) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, characterized clinically by goiter and biochemically by elevated circulating free thyroid hormone levels in the presence of measurable serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations. About 85% of patients with RTH harbor mutations in thyroid hormone receptor [beta] (TR[beta]). Even rarer is pituitary thyroid resistance syndrome. We report a case of a 35-year-old man who presented with hypermetabolic symptoms with elevated levels of thyroid hormones, associated with nonsuppressed thyrotropin (TSH). When treated with anti-thyroid drugs, his thyroid hormone levels normalized and TSH increased, suggesting thyroid resistance at the pituitary level.

Matched MeSH terms: Pituitary Diseases/drug therapy; Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndrome/drug therapy

Endobronchial actinomycosis: is a repeat bronchoscopy after treatment necessary?

How SH, Ramachandram K, Aziz AA

Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 2006 Jan;67(1):42-3.

PMID: 16447411 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2006.67.1.20327

Matched MeSH terms: Actinomycosis/drug therapy*; Bronchial Diseases/drug therapy*

Persistent neonatal hypoglycaemia as a result of hypoplastic pituitary gland

Yong SC, Boo NY, Wu LL

Br J Hosp Med (Lond), 2006 Jun;67(6):326.

PMID: 16821748 DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2006.67.6.21296

Matched MeSH terms: Hypoglycemia/drug therapy; Hypopituitarism/drug therapy

Cyclosporine rescue therapy in autoimmune liver cirrhosis: a case report

Wah-Kheong C, Jaganathan V, Sanjiv M

Turk J Gastroenterol, 2012;23(5):599-603.

PMID: 23161309

Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Corticosteroids with or without azathioprine have been shown to improve outcome and are the current standard of care in autoimmune hepatitis patients. However, long-term use of corticosteroids and use of azathioprine could be associated with significant adverse effects that prevent their continued use at optimal dosages or may even require complete cessation. We present a patient with autoimmune liver cirrhosis who was intolerant of corticosteroid and azathioprine, who was successfully treated with cyclosporine. To our knowledge, cyclosporine use has not been reported previously in autoimmune cirrhosis, although it has been used in autoimmune hepatitis patients with reported success and good tolerability. We conclude that cyclosporine seems to be an effective alternative to azathioprine as a steroid-sparing agent in both non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic autoimmune hepatitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy*; Liver Cirrhosis/drug therapy*

Follicular cutaneous larva migrans: a report of three cases and review of the literature

Veraldi S, Persico MC, Francia C, Nazzaro G, Gianotti R

Int J Dermatol, 2013 Mar;52(3):327-30.

PMID: 23414157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2012.05723.x

Hookworm-related cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is characterized clinically by erythematous and slightly raised tracks, located especially on the feet. These tracks may be single or multiple, linear or serpiginous, more or less ramified and intertwined. The length is variable (up to many cm); the width ranges from 1 mm to 4 mm. Tracks are often accompanied by severe pruritus.

Matched MeSH terms: Larva Migrans/drug therapy; Pruritus/drug therapy

Fluoroquinolones for treating tuberculosis

Ziganshina LE, Vizel AA, Squire SB

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005.

PMID: 16034951

Fluoroquinolones are sometimes used to treat multiple-drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis. The effects of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis regimens need to be assessed.

Matched MeSH terms: Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy*; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy*

Fulltext Multifocal choroiditis: ocular TB or side-effects of anti-TB therapy?

Bastion MLC, Kok HS, Muhaya M

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):682-4.

PMID: 15889575

A patient with end-stage renal failure secondary to polycystic kidney disease was seen in the Eye Clinic for a corneal abrasion. Incidental fundal examination revealed bilateral multiple, small, raised, pale yellow sub-retinal nodules. Past medical history of inadequately treated pulmonary tuberculosis was obtained. Following initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy, the choroidal lesions resolved.
Study site: Eye clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Choroiditis/drug therapy; Tuberculosis, Ocular/drug therapy

Fulltext Atypical antipsychotic induced obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Teh EE, Najib MAM

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):690-1.

PMID: 15889578

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Therapy, Combination; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/drug therapy

Fulltext Actinomyces infection of the mastoid: a rare entity

Subha ST, Raman R, Cheah PL, Soo Hoo TS

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):680-1.

PMID: 15889574

A rare case of mastoid infection caused by actinomyces israelii is presented. This patient underwent exploratory mastoidectomy followed by long term oral pencillin. She responded well to the treatment and has been asymptomatic on follow up to date.

Matched MeSH terms: Actinomycosis/drug therapy; Bone Diseases, Infectious/drug therapy

Treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection using interferon

Guan R

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:28-33.

PMID: 16108170

Four to 6 months of conventional interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) (5MU daily or 10MU three times weekly) resulted in HBeAg loss in approximately 33% of HBeAg positive patients (controls: 12%). Longer treatment duration improved HBeAg seroconversion. Children with chronic HBV infection and high ALT respond to IFN-a at similar rates. Good end-of-treatment (ET) biochemical and virological response were also achieved with IFN-alpha in HBeAg negative, HBV-DNA positive hepatitis patients. Sustained response (SR) however, was disappointing, but improved with longer duration of treatment: (10-15% SR with 4/6 months treatment: 30% SR with 24 months treatment). Weekly pegylated IFN-alpha2a (PegIFN-alpha2a) for 24 weeks gave a significantly higher HBeAg conversion rate (33%) than conventional IFN-alpha2a (25%). Fifty-two weeks of PegIFN-alpha2b gave a sustained HBeAg loss in 35% patients and HBeAg seroconversion in 29% patients. Similar results were obtained with 48 weeks of weekly PegIFN-alpha2a. PegIFN-alpha2a monotherapy was found to be superior to lamivudine monotherapy in affecting a 6-month SR (normal ALTs and HBV DNA < 20,000 copies/mL) in HBeAg negative/anti-HBe positive chronic hepatitis B patients. There is a tendency for IFN-a and lamivudine combination to result in better sustained response than lamivudine monotherapy. This tendency is also observed with PegIFN-a and lamivudine combination although the combination did not appear to be better than PegIFN-alpha monotherapy. IFN induced HBeAg seroconversion is durable, could increase over time and resulted in better overall survival and survival free of hepatic decompensation or hepatocellular cancer. The main advantage of IFN-a therapy is that a course of finite duration may achieve sustained off-therapy response in a proportion of both HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients. However, IFN treatment is usually associated with side-effects, especially flu-like symptoms, fatigue, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and depression. These are usually tolerable but may require dose modification and premature cessation of treatment (5%). Interferon therapy induced hepatitis flares may lead to decompensation in patients with cirrhosis and can be dangerous in patients with decompensated liver function despite dose reduction.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Therapy, Combination; Hepatitis B/drug therapy*

Management of patients coinfected by HCV and HIV

Poynard T

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:70-1.

PMID: 16108178

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/drug therapy*; Hepatitis C, Chronic/drug therapy*

Hepatorenal syndrome

McCormick A, Sultan J

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jul;60 Suppl B:17-21.

PMID: 16108168

Matched MeSH terms: Hepatorenal Syndrome/drug therapy; Renal Insufficiency/drug therapy

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) for preventing and treating acute bleeds during pregnancy in women with congenital bleeding disorders

Karanth L, Barua A, Kanagasabai S, Nair S

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2015 Sep 09.

PMID: 26350784 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009824.pub3

BACKGROUND: Congenital bleeding disorders can cause obstetric haemorrhage during pregnancy, labour and following delivery. Desmopressin acetate is found to be an effective drug which can reduce the risk of haemorrhage and can also stop bleeding in certain congenital bleeding disorders. Its use in pregnancy has been controversial. Hence beneficial and adverse effects of desmopressin acetate in these groups of pregnant women should be evaluated.This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2013.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of desmopressin acetate in preventing and treating acute bleeds during pregnancy in women with congenital bleeding disorders.

SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Coaguopathies Trials Register comprising references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches and handsearches of relevant and abstract books of conferences proceedings. We also searched for any randomised controlled trials in a registry of ongoing trials and the reference lists of relevant articles and reviews.Date of most recent search: 18 June 2015.

SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials investigating the efficacy of desmopressin acetate versus tranexamic acid or factor VIII or rFactor VII or fresh frozen plasma in preventing and treating congenital bleeding disorders during pregnancy were eligible.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: No trials matching the selection criteria were eligible for inclusion.

MAIN RESULTS: No trials matching the selection criteria were eligible for inclusion.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The review did not identify any randomised controlled trials investigating the relative effectiveness of desmopressin acetate for bleeding during pregnancy in women with congenital bleeding disorders. In the absence of high quality evidence, clinicians need to use their clinical judgement and lower level evidence (e.g. from observational trials) to decide whether or not to treat women with congenital bleeding disorders with desmopressin acetate.Given the ethical considerations, future randomised controlled trials are unlikely. However, other high quality controlled studies (such as risk allocation designs, sequential design, parallel cohort design) to investigate the risks and benefits of using desmopressin acetate in this population are needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Blood Coagulation Disorders/drug therapy*; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/drug therapy*

Occurrence, Management, and Risk Factors for Adverse Drug Reactions in Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients

Ahmad N, Javaid A, Syed Sulaiman SA, Afridi AK, Zainab, Khan AH

Am J Ther, 2016 3 5;25(5):e533-e540.

PMID: 26938643 DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000421

Although Pakistan has a high burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), little is known about prevalence, management, and risk factors for adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in MDR-TB patients in Pakistan. To evaluate occurrence, management, and risk factors for ADRs in MDR-TB patients, and its impact on treatment outcomes, this observational cohort study was conducted at programmatic management unit for drug resistant TB of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of 181 MDR-TB patients enrolled at the study site from January 1, 2012 to February 28, 2013 were included. Patients with drug resistant TB other than MDR-TB, transferred out patients and those who were still on treatment at the end of study duration (January 31, 2015) were excluded. Patients were followed until treatment outcomes were reported. ADRs were determined by laboratory data and/or clinical criteria. SPSS 16 was used for data analysis. A total of 131 patients (72.4%) experienced at least 1 ADR. Gastrointestinal disturbance was the most commonly observed adverse event (42%), followed by psychiatric disturbance (29.3%), arthralgia (24.3%), and ototoxicity (21%). Potentially life-threatening ADRs, such as nephrotoxicity (2.7%) and hypokalemia (2.8%) were relatively less prevalent. Owing to ADRs, treatment regimen was modified in 20 (11%) patients. On multivariate analysis, the only risk factor for ADRs was baseline body weight ≥ 40 kg (OR = 2.321, P-value = 0.013). ADRs neither led to permanent discontinuation of treatment nor adversely affected treatment outcomes. Adverse effects were prevalent in current cohort, but caused minimal modification of treatment regimen, and did not negatively impact treatment outcomes. Patient with baseline body weight ≥ 40 kg should be closely monitored.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug Therapy, Combination; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy*

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