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Fulltext Accuracy of handheld continuous - wave doppler ultrasound in the assessment of varicose veins

Siow, LR, Naresh G, Nik Ritza Kosai, Harunarashid H, Sutton, PA, Zainal AA

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2015;5(2):16-28.
MyJurnal

The incidence of varicose veins and the need for treatment has shown a tremendous increase over the years. Debilitating venous ulcers and dragging edemas of the lower limb with overall improvement in cosmetic results and availability of endovenous procedures has brought many patients forward for treatment. Continuous-wave handheld Doppler usage is limited by its diagnostic capabilities, thus the need to determine its real effectiveness. Benefits of using hand-held dopplers lies in its rapidity in assessment of patients, it's low running cost and short learning curve. This is important as duplex ultrasounds are not readily available in district hospitals. This study aims to determine the clinical effectiveness of hand-held continuous wave dopplers in the local setting especially in primary uncomplicated varicose articles veins. All electively referred patients with primary uncomplicated varicose veins who were referred to the Varicose Vein Clinic were evaluated with continuous-wave handheld Doppler (CWD) and duplex ultrasound (DUS) examination. The study duration was from the 1st of July to 31st of August 2013 (2 months). All patients in the study were independently evaluated with CWD and DUS in the clinic on the same day after adequate rest time. DUS was taken as the gold standard for evaluation of CWD specificity and sensitivity. The Chi-square and T-test was used to test for statistical significance. A total of 41 patients were evaluated in this study. The specificity of CWD when compared to DUS for diagnosing Sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) was 100% and at the Sapheno-popliteal junction (SPJ) was 87%. Meanwhile sensitivity of CWD for SFJ was 75% and SPJ was 60%. The examination time with CWD was significantly faster than when compared with DUS examination with significant faster tracing times that can be achieved with CWD. CWD also significantly shorter reflux times when compared to DUS. Continuous-wave handheld doppler proves to be an indispensable clinical tool in the evaluation of SFJ and SPJ reflux in varicose veins. CWD assessment in this study was shown to be equal if not better for evaluating reflux when compared to DUS assessment for SFJ reflux. Main advantages for CWD also lie in its low running cost, rapidity in assessment and short learning curve when compared to duplex ultrasound examinations.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext An intestinal parasitological survey among the Jehai Orang Aslis (aborigines) of the Temenggor forest, Perak state, Malaysia

Yaya Liliana Hanapian, Joon Wah Mak, Paul Chieh Yee Chen

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2014;8(2):18-23.
MyJurnal

The Orang Aslis are indigenous minority peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, numbering 147,412 in 2003.Currently, the Orang Asli are divided into four language groupings namely the Northern Aslian, the Central Aslian, and the Southern Aslian groups, all of whom speak Austroasiatic languages; a fourth group in the South of Peninsular Malaysia speak a Malay dialect belonging to the Austronesian group of languages.This research was carried out on only one of the Northern Aslian group, the Jehai, who are also named Negritos based on their physical features. The Jehai live in the Belum and the Temenggor Forest that straddles Upper Perak and West Kelantan and until recently, were nomadic and lived by hunting-gathering.The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately two billion people worldwide are infected with the soil-transmitted nematode helminths,Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale, with 400 million of these infected being children of school age.Global numbers of A. lumbricoides infection have been estimated at about 1.5 billion cases. (Crompton, 2001). T. trichiura infection affects approximately 1,049 million people worldwide and an estimated 1.2 billion people are infected by hookworms. In Malaysia, the most common soil-transmitted helminth infections are A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura and hookworms.
However, as there have been no extensive surveys on these infections, it is difficult to estimate with certainty the current overall incidence of infection with soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) among the Malaysian population.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext New Paradigms for Virus Detection, Surveillance and Control of Zika Virus Vectors in the Settings of Southeast Asia

Vythilingam I, Sam JI, Chan YF, Khaw LT, Sulaiman WY

Front Microbiol, 2016;7:1452.
PMID: 27679623 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01452

Zika virus (ZIKV) has now become a global public health concern. The vectors for ZIKV are Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus. Both these mosquitoes are predominant in Southeast Asia and are also responsible for the spread of other arboviral diseases like dengue virus and chikungunya virus. The incidence of dengue has been increasing over the years and this is of concern to public health workers. Simple laboratory tools for the detection of ZIKV is also lacking. In the absence of drugs and vaccine for these arboviral diseases, vector control is the main option for surveillance and control. Aedes larval surveys have been the hallmark of dengue control along with larviciding and fogging when cases are reported. However, we need new paradigms and options for control of these vectors. The current situation in Southeast Asia clearly proves that effective strategies for vector control need to be proactive and not reactive. This will be the way forward to control epidemics of these diseases inclusive of ZIKV until a vaccine becomes available.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Microbial safety of street vended and laboratory prepared dragon-fruit (pitaya) juices in Penang, Malaysia

International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(4):1509-1513.
MyJurnal

This study reports on the microbiological quality of fresh and laboratory prepared pitaya fruit juice compared this with those collected from street vendors in the Penang island of Malaysia. Additionally, the microbial growth patterns were monitored during extended storage for up to 7 days at 2 different temperature ranges (at 10°C and 25±1°C). Results revealed the presence and increase in the incidence of bacteria, yeasts and moulds in all the juice samples (fresh and stored). Except for Klebsiella pneumoniae all the other foodborne pathogens screened in this study such as: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp. and generic Escherichia coli were absent. Our results highlights and stresses the need to employ proper hygienic conditions during harvesting and processing stages of pitaya fruit or their juices to improve the overall microbial quality to ensure adequate safety for consumers.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext miR-200c Regulation of Metastases in Ovarian Cancer: Potential Role in Epithelial and Mesenchymal Transition

Sulaiman SA, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R

Front Pharmacol, 2016;7:271.
PMID: 27601996 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00271

Among the gynecological malignancies, ovarian cancer is the most fatal due to its high mortality rate. Most of the identified cases are epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) with five distinct subtypes: high-grade serous carcinoma, low-grade serous carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, and clear-cell carcinoma. Lack of an early diagnostic approach, high incidence of tumor relapse and the heterogenous characteristics between each EOC subtypes contribute to the difficulties in developing precise intervention and therapy for the patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs that have been shown to function as tumor suppressors or oncomiRs. The miR-200 family, especially miR-200c, has been shown to be implicated in the metastasis and invasion of ovarian carcinoma due to its functional regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This mini review is aimed to summarize the recent findings of the miR-200c functional role as well as its validated targets in the metastasis cascade of ovarian cancer, with a focus on EMT regulation. The potential of this miRNA in early diagnosis and its dual expression status are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Effect of intervention on pap smear screening among rural women in Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Asmani AR, Aziah D, Group 8

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2006;6(1):38-43.
MyJurnal

Cervical cancer is preventable by detecting precancerous states through Pap smear screening, followed by appropriate treatment. In Malaysia, even with a high incidence of cervical cancer and accessible screening program, the uptake of Pap smear screening was still low. Lack of knowledge, embarrassment, fear for the test and results are the factors reducing participation. The aim of this study was to determine the change in knowledge and attitude regarding the Pap smear screening as well as knowledge on cervical cancer among women in Mukim ]aya Setia after educational intervention. A community trial was conducted in August 2005 where 80 women were randomly selected. The women were interviewed for assessment prior to the intervention, using a set of structured questionnaire. The women underwent educational intervention programmes on cervical cancer and Pap smear screening. After a week, the women were re-assessed using the same set of questionnaire for their post intervention knowledge and attitudes. Scores were given for each answer, which were totaled and analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 41.1 (10.37) years. Most were housewives (87.5%), within the low income group (91.2%), of less than RM 1000.00 income per household. Most of the women received their education up to the secondary level only (97.5%). Despite their poor economic status, most of them had more than three children (68.8%). There was a significant improvement in knowledge of Pap smear (mean difference= 4.3, 95% CI= 3.55, 5.10) and cervical cancer (mean difference= 10.7, 95% CI= 10.03, 11.37) as well as attitude to Pap smear (mean difference= 7.1, 95% CI= 5.72, 8.47) after educational intervention. The knowledge and attitudes towards Pap smear screening as well as knowledge on cervical cancer among rural women in Mukim ]aya Setia, Kota Bharu improved after educational intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 5 years age in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand: a review

Maimaiti, Namaitijiang, Lotfizadeh, Masoud, Zafar Ahmed, Azam Rahimi, Jadoo, Saad Ali, Aljunid, Syed

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(1):0-0.
MyJurnal

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia in children and adults, including the elderly, and is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Aim of this paper to review published articles on incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children less than 5 years of age in Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand, and compare the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis among the children in the three courtiers. Literature searches were conducted using google scholar, PubMed, the World Health Organization (WHO) website of the Weekly Epidemiological Record, and the countries’ Ministry of Health (MOH) website, and were limited to articles written in English. All relevant publications/abstracts published/presented during the period December 2000 through March 2014. Searches were conducted from April 1, 2014, till July 11, 2014 using various combinations of the following search terms “ Pneumococcal diseases” OR “meningococcal” OR “pneumococcal meningitis” OR “meningococcus”. A total of five articles and abstracts described the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis among children 5 years old. These five documents include two conference abstracts from Malaysia, one published paper from Singapore and two published papers from Thailand. The Malaysian, Singaporean and Thai pneumococcal meningitis incidence rate was 3.8-8.6, 2.3 and 0.10-1.8 per 100,000 children respectively. Our review confirmed that the incidence rate of pneumococcal meningitis was vary among the countries. The highest incidence rate of pneumococcal meningitis was found in Malaysia followed by Singapore and Thailand.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Paper review of factors, surveillance and burden of food borne disease outbreak in Malaysia

Sharifa Ezat, W.P., Netty, D., Sangaran, G.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2013;13(2):98-105.
MyJurnal

Food borne diseases like cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A, dysentery and food poisoning occur as the results of ingestion of foodstuffs contaminated with microorganisms or chemical. The true incidence of food borne disease in Malaysia is unknown, however the incidence is low ranging from 1.56 to 0.14 cases per 100,000 population and the food poisoning cases is on the rise as the evident by the incident rate of 62.47 cases per 100,000 population in 2008 and 36.17 in 2009. The rapid population growth and demographic shift toward ageing population, changing eating habit such as consumption of raw or lightly cooked food, long storage of such food, lack of education on basic rules of hygienic food preparation and food trading without appropriate microbiological safety procedure become contributing factors for food borne diseases. Food borne disease in Malaysia is in the rise and the direct and indirect cost management of FBD will become one of the most common issues to face by the government. The world is spending millions and millions in cost of treatment due to food borne diseases. The information on this paper was collected via findings of previous journals, data and statistics from the MOH of Malaysia and WHO websites. As a result, authors found that the prevention and management of the food borne disease outbreak needs to be addressed seriously.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Managing obesity in Malaysian schools: are we doing the right strategies?

Vikneswaran A/L Sabramani, Idayu Badila Idris, Rosnah Sutan, Zaleha Md. Isa, Saidatul Norbaya Buang, Hasanain Faisal Ghazi

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2015;15(2):75-83.
MyJurnal

The evolution in lifestyle and dietary habits of the Malaysian people that have taken place over the last few decades can be largely attributed to both family and social environment. These factors are known to affect the nutritional status of the community, in both children and adults. Reduced physical activity and changes in their diet have been one of the contributing factors to the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity. However, in Malaysia, in which nutrition transition has been a norm, it is worrying when the trends of overweight and obesity have been rising steadily over the years especially among children. Although numerous strategies to control obesity in Malaysia have been taking place, many had shown little effect. Analysing strategies implemented at national level is thus crucial in order to ascertain reasons for the shortfalls of these strategies especially among children. Obesity most commonly begins as early as the ages of 5 and 6 years, or during adolescence. Obesity is indeed a major public health concern due to its huge negative impact on the society at large which is well supported by evidence-based literatures. Managing this issue is complex and holistic approach is thus crucial in reducing its incidence and prevalence.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Endovascular therapy versus surgery in adult with coarctation of the aorta

Abdulgani, Hafil Budianto, Oemar, Hamed

Medical Health Reviews, 2009;2009(1):43-58.
MyJurnal

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital anomaly presented by the combination of upper body hypertension and weak or absent femoral pulses. Increased morbidity and shortened life span of infants born with coarctation suggest that the malformation should be treated early in life. Surgical intervention has been recognized as the gold standard of treatment for children born with this defect. Unfortunately, studies in many institutions have shown that the diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta is often missed. As a consequence, many patients with coarctation of the aorta are not detected until adult life. Long-term follow-up of adult patients following surgical intervention for coarctation of the aorta reveals ongoing risks; hence, less invasive endovascular therapy becomes an alternative approach. Literature’s review was performed to compare the results of endovascular therapy (stenting and angioplasty) with surgical techniques to repair adult with coarctation of the aorta. The immediate improvement in hypertension and the morbidity were similar. Although stenting can be expected to show superiority to balloon angioplasty alone, that was not apparent when comparing these two endovascular approaches. The morbidity, mortality, and repeat intervention rates were just as high for stenting as they were for angioplasty or for a combination of both modalities. The majority of surgical complications were minor (i.e., vasculitis, bleeding), whereas the majority of endovascular complications could be considered more severe (i.e., dissection, traumatic aneurysm, stroke). Surgical therapy was associated with a very low risk of restenosis and recurrence, whereas endovascular therapy had a much higher incidence of restenosis and the need for repeat interventions. In conclusion, surgical therapy is superior compared to other modes of interventional therapy for adult with coarctation of the aorta, and it shall remain as current mode of therapy for adult with coarctation of the aorta.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Causes of chronic oxygen dependency in new borns in a tertiary level neonatal unit

Jacqueline, H.O.

Malaysian Journal of Child Health, 1992;4(1):20-22.
MyJurnal

A retrospective survey was carried out in a neonatal unit to identify babies who required oxygen for more than the first 28 days of life and to determine the cause of their oxygen dependency. A total of 9173 neonates were admitted over a three year period. Approximately 750 were ventilated. Fifteen required oxygen for more than the first 28 days. Ten (67%) of these were due to bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 2 had upper airway complications of mechanical ventilation, one had recurrent apnoea, one had recurrent pneumonia, and one who did not require ventilation had chronic oxygen dependency of unknown cause. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was the commonest cause of chronic oxygen dependency. The incidence was 1.5% of ventilated babies.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Quality of life among patients suffering from cholestatic liver disease-induced pruritus: A systematic review

Jin XY, Khan TM

J Formos Med Assoc, 2016 Sep;115(9):689-702.
PMID: 27431691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2016.05.006

A systematic assessment of literature was done to estimate the impact of pruritus on health-related quality of life among patients with cholestatic liver disease (CLD). All the articles were reviewed manually for study design, population, outcomes, and study quality. A qualitative approach was used to analyze and extract data from included studies. A total of eight studies were retrieved, of which one was a cohort study and the other seven were cross-sectional studies. Overall, it appears that the incidence of pruritus was a common complication reported by most of the studies. Among patients with CLD incidence of pruritus was 29%. Pruritus was found to have a substantial impact on patients' health-related quality of life. Greater health-related quality of life impairment was observed with increased severity of pruritus. Pruritus was found to have a significant association (p<0.05) in quality-of-life instrument domains such as role limitation-physical, role limitation-emotional, bodily pain, vitality, energy, and physical mobility. Evidence suggests that pruritus has a substantial impact on health-related quality of life among patients with CLD. More research is required to support the evidence.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Associated factors for in-hospital mortality following hip fracture

Ang HL, Mohamad Adam B, Tajuddin A, Isnoni I, Suzanna A, Anwar Hau M, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(1):1-5.
MyJurnal

The incidence of hip fractures is increasing within the aging population.We determined the risk factors of in-hospital mortality following hip fracture across major hospitals in Malaysia. This is a retrospective cohort review from 18 hospitals across Malaysia in National Orthopaedic Registry of Malaysia (NORM) . We collected demographic data, prefracture co-morbidities, previous hip fracture, pre-fracture walking ability, fracture type and stability, mechanism of injury, type of management (operative or non-operative), operation types and grade of surgeon. Between 2008 and 2009, 685 patients were admitted with a hip fracture to 18 government hospitals with orthopaedic service. The overall in-hospital mortality was 2.2%. We found more in-hospital mortality in elderly patients and patients with eye and hearing problems as pre-fracture morbidity. In conclusion, patients who were elderly with multiple comorbidities especially those with eye and hearing impairment were had higher risk for immediate mortality

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Evaluation of Ocular Surface Disease in Asian Patients with Primary Angle Closure

Ling TE, Othman K, Yan OP, Rashid RA, Tet CM, Yaakob A, et al.

Open Ophthalmol J, 2017;11:31-39.
PMID: 28400889 DOI: 10.2174/1874364101711010031

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of ocular surface disease (OSD) and to determine the effects of topical pressure-lowering drugs on ocular surface disease in primary angle closure patients.
METHODS: This was a cross-sectional comparative study comparing primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) patients (Group A) with primary angle closure and primary angle closure suspect (Group B). Group A was treated with topical pressure-lowering drugs; Group B was not. Data on ocular diagnosis and details of treatment were obtained from medical records. Ocular surface disease incidence was assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and from clinical signs using Schirmer's test, tear break-up time and corneal fluorescein stain. Predictive Analytic Software 20 and STATA analysis software were used for statistical analyses.
RESULTS: Group A demonstrated a higher rate of OSD (OSDI 52.3%, Schirmer's test 70.5%, tear break-up time (TBUT) 75%, corneal staining 77.3%) compared to Group B (OSDI 39.0%, Schirmer's test 73.2%, TBUT 58.5% and cornea staining 14.6%) except for Schirmer's test. There was a significant difference in mean score of OSDI (p=0.004), TBUT (p=0.008) and cornea staining (p<0.001) between two groups. Primary angle closure glaucoma treated with more than two medications and for more than three years had worse ocular surface disease parameters but without statistical significant difference.
CONCLUSION: Ocular surface disease is common in PACG patients treated with topical pressure-lowering drugs. Topical pressure-lowering drugs caused significant OSD symptoms and signs except for tear production in PACG patients. Thorough evaluation of ocular surface disease is important to ensure appropriate treatment and intervention in PACG patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Factors influencing the prevalence and distribution of ticks and tick- borne pathogens among domestic animals in Malaysia

Mohammed, Konto, Tukur, Salamatu M., Watanabe, Mahira, Abd-rani, Puteri A.m., Lau, Seng F., Shettima, Yasheruram M., et al.

The Pertanika Journal of Scholarly Research Reviews, 2016;2(2):12-22.
MyJurnal

Changes in tick-vector densities and a resultant incidence of tick-borne diseases are
caused mainly by human activities affecting the environmental ecosystem, especially in tropical
countries. As one of the most important invertebrate arthropod vectors of disease transmission, ticks
are susceptible to changes in their environment due to their sole dependence of all their life stages on
prevailing environment. Upon completion of their lifecycle, ticks depend on the availability of hosts
and other several factors related to their surroundings to survive. This review discusses the major
factors that influence the prevalence and distribution of tick-borne diseases among domestic animals
in Malaysia. It is highly imperative to understand the factors that lead to increase in tick-vector
populations, infection intensity and hence the spatial distribution of ticks and tick-borne diseases in
order to prevent their emergence and resurgence as well as to serve as a basis for effectivecontrol.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Concomitant t(8;21) and trisomy 4 in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (aml)

Phan, CL, Ong, TC, Chang, KM, Zubaidah, Z., Puteri Jamilatul, N.M.B.

Medicine & Health, 2010;5(1):45-48.
MyJurnal

The t(8;21)(q22;q22) is a frequently occurring aberration in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (18-20%) and usually correlate with French-America-British (FAB) M2 subtype. Several studies showed that patients carrying this abnormality demonstrated good response to standard chemotherapy but also have a high incidence of disease relapse. Trisomy 4 is a rare and specific chromosomal abnormality occurring in AML M2 or M4 of the FAB subtypes. We report a case of a 33-year-old female with an apparently clinical and hematologic diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in whom cytogenetic analysis revealed an abnormal karyotype with trisomy 4, in addition to t(8;21). Trisomy 4 and t(8;21) in a patient with AML is rare. The significance of t(8;21) with trisomy 4 in AML are unclear but patients bearing this abnormality are associated with a poor prognosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Chickenpox in pregnancy: still a feared complication

Zainur Rashid, Z., Sharifah Sulaiha, S.A., Darnina, A.J.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-11.
MyJurnal

Varicella or chickenpox is an infectious disease caused by Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), which commonly affects the children. It is a mild, self-limiting disease and rarely complicate to serious conditions except in adults. Decreasing incidence of chickenpox among children, probably owing to improved living conditions ,prevention and health care, is worrisome as growing number of adults are being infected. This creates disturbing concerns in many parties as women at childbearing age might get infected and not only are them at a great risk of serious complications, but also their unborn fetus or their newborn babies.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext The Effect Of 5 Units Oxytocin Preparation In The Augmentation Of Labour – Is It Cost Effective?

Roszaman Ramli, Ghazali Ismail

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2006;5(1):1-8.
MyJurnal

Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the new oxytocin regimes in the augmentation of labour and the effect on the maternal and fetal outcome. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Labour ward of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan. Participants: 230 pregnant women in labour at term with obstetric indications for labour augmentation. Methods: The women were randomly assigned to receive new oxytocin regime of 5 units in 500 cc of D/Saline at titration of 5 dpm with increments of 5 dpm to a maximum of 60 dpm. Or, old oxytocin regime of 1/2/4 units with titration of 20/40/60 dpm for primips and half the dosage for multips.
Main outcome measures: Cost analysis, duration of labour, duration of augmentation, complication of labour, post partum hemorrhage (PPH), mode of delivery and perinatal outcome.
Results: There was no significant difference in the mean duration of labour (6.8 h vs 6.7 h ; p = 0.45) and mean augmentation time (3.86 h vs 4.0 h; p = 0.9) between the regimes studied There seemed to be higher incidence of caesarean section in the old oxytocin group (6.5% vs 24.7%; p = 0.001). There was no significant influence on the neonatal morbidity and mortality (p = 0.07). A moderate reduction of annual cost for augmentation of labour was noted (RM 962.34).
Conclusion: The results showed that the new oxytocin regime was more cost-effective without apparent increased in the maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext The prevalence of accidental needle stick injury and their reporting among healthcare workers in orthopaedic wards in General Hospital Melaka, Malaysia

Bhardwaj, A., Sivapathasundaram, N., Yusof, M. F., Minghat, A. H., Swe, K. M. M., Sinha, N. K.

Malays Orthop J, 2014;8(2):6-13.
MyJurnal

Accidental needle-stick injuries (NSIs) are a hazard for health-care workers and general public health. Orthopaedic surgeons may be more prone to NSIs due to the prevalence of bone spikes in the operative field and the use of sharp orthopaedic instruments such as drills, saws and wires. A hospital-based cross sectional study was conducted in the orthopedic wards of Melaka General Hospital. The prevalence of NSIs was 32 (20.9%) and majority of it occurred during assisting in operation theatre 13(37.4%). Among them six (18.8%) were specialist, 12(37.5%) medical officer, 10 (31.2%) house officer and four staff nurses (12.5%). Among the respondents 142 (92.8%) had been immunized against Hepatitis B and 148 (96.7%) participants had knowledge regarding universal precaution. The incidence of NSI among health care workers at orthopaedics ward was not any higher in comparison with the similar studies and it was found out that the prevalence was more in junior doctors compared with specialist and staff nurses and it was statistically significant.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext The lack of effective hand washing practice despite high level of knowledge and awareness in medical students of clinical years

S. Sulaiha S.A., Wee, Yun Ling, Lie, Joo Chin, Eow, Wei-Liang, Muhamad Faiz, S., Chien, Noris Fook Tan

International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2010;4(2):-.
MyJurnal

Background: Nosocomial infection is among the leading problem in many major hospitals resulting in soaring cost expenditure in managing its affect.Hand washing practice is a crucial preventive way to contain such mischief but many ignored its importance. This is perhaps due to lack of appropriate role modeling from senior practitioners.
Subjects and methods: Our study examined the prevalence of hand washing practice among medical students from year 3 to 5 and compared it to their knowledge and level of awareness on its importance in clinical practice. 142 students were randomly observed during their clinical work in the wards on this practice and questionnaires were later distributed to 268 students from all semesters on their knowledge on the technique and awareness on its importance.
Results: Out of 142, almost 80% washed their hands but only 41.6% performed effective hand washing. In contrary, 80 to 90% showed good level of knowledge and awareness as well as perception about its importance in clinical practice.
Conclusions: The contradictory findings between the actual practice of hand washing and knowledge as well as awareness suggest that enforcement on the practice is necessary. This requires motivation and cooperation from all health alliances and higher authority in the health system. Remedial measures are much needed in order to contain high incidence of nosocomial infection in our local practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

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