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Fulltext ‘oQ-Ba’ the universal bins trolley

Aryane Suwin, Faye Borine, Hasya Putri Sari Amrizal, Muhammad Fakhrulraazi Rajiei, Muhammad Hafizul Zainal, Muhammad Syamil Zolpakar, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(105):53-0.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Clinical and sharp bins are commonly found in clinical settings. The usage of these bins is vital to ensure that health care facilities remain hygienic, free from any microbial transmissions and incidences of needle stick injuries. ‘oQ-Ba’ is a Japanese phrase that means bin. In real clinical settings, it is difficult to gather all bins at once while performing procedure due to limitations of space, frequency and mobility of bins. Therefore, ‘oQ-Ba’ the Universal Bins Trolley is developed to improve the waste management practice and increase the efficiency and effectivity of care delivery. Methods: A total of 40 respondents comprised of staffs from Emergency and Trauma De- partment and Haemodialysis Unit at Serian District Hospital were selected to use “oQ-Ba” the Universal Bins Trolley. They were given self-administered questionnaires pre and post-trials whichcomposed of ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answers to ob- tain feedbacks on the effectiveness of this project. Descriptive statistics include frequencies, means and percentages were used to analyze the data using the SPSS version 22. Results: The staffs found that the prototype helps to ensure the availability of the three bins as the bins are all attached together under one compartment. The staffs also found that the prototype is more convenient compared to the existing waste bins because of its mobility and unique design which consumed little amount of space. Conclusion: ‘oQ-Ba’ the Universal Bins Trolley provides handful of benefits to medical practitioners as it can ensure the availability of the three bins during a procedure.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Study of demographic factors with lbw eventsin TasikMalaya general hospital

Mamat Purnama, Lia Herliana

The Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 2019;10(4):33-38.
MyJurnal

LBW infants are at risk not only due to neonatal complications but also by other risk factors (eg. congenital anomalies associated with LBW). This research is motivated by the high incidence of LBW in Tasikmalaya City Hospital each year. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between demographic factors in this case the mother's age, maternal education level, socio-economic level with the incidence of LBW. The research hypothesis has a relationship between maternal age, maternal education level, socioeconomic level, pregnancy with LBW incidence. The benefits of research provide a basis for evidencebased practice to nursing practitioners, that there is a relationship between demographic factors (maternal age, education level and socioeconomic level) with the incidence of LBW. Quantitative research method was used with cross sectional approach. The data was processed using univariate and bivariate analysis. The results of the study show no significant relationship between the factors of maternal age, education level, socioeconomic level with the incidence of LBW in Tasikmalaya City Hospital with p value > 0.05 for all variables. From the present study it is suggested that nurses should improve health education so that people can understand better about the risk of LBW.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext The influence of hospital practices and family support on breastfeeding duration, adverse events, and postnatal depression among first-time mothers

Sarah Dib, Jonathan CK Wells, Nurul Husna M Shukri

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(106):90-98.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Baby-friendly hospital practices and family support are recognised to improve the chances of success- ful breastfeeding. The associations between support and maternal psychological state and breastfeeding problems are less explored. This study aimed to assess the influence of professional and family support on breastfeeding ad- verse events and postpartum depression at 2 weeks and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) status at 12 weeks postpartum, and to identify predictors of positive outcomes. Methods: 64 primiparous Malaysian mothers were interviewed face-to-face, at 2, 6 and 12 weeks post-delivery, to collect data regarding family support, hospital and infant feeding practices, breastfeeding problems and pain, maternal perceptions and depression. Logistic regression and correlation were used to ascertain associations between support and EBF, adverse events and postpartum depression. Results: Neither professional nor family support predicted EBF at 12 weeks. Eighty-five percent of the mothers received high family support, which was associated with lower depression scores (r=-0.36, p=0.005); higher depression scores were associated with more breastfeeding problems. EBF discontinuation before 12 weeks was predicted by maternal perception of insufficient milk supply (OR=8.96, CI=1.78, 45.18). Earlier breastfeeding initiation (r=0.26, p=0.04) and skin-to-skin contact (r=0.25, p=0.048) were associated with lower breastfeeding pain. EBF in hospital was cor- related with fewer breastfeeding problems (r=0.31, p=0.01). Conclusion: Mothers with greater family support suf- fered from less depressive symptoms, which could lower the incidence of breastfeeding problems and prolong EBF duration. Skin-to-skin contact, early breastfeeding initiation and EBF in hospital were associated with less adverse events, thus better compliance with these Baby-Friendly practices is recommended.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Measuring the effectiveness of integrated vector management with targeted outdoor residual spraying and autodissemination devices on the incidence of dengue in urban Malaysia in the iDEM trial (intervention for Dengue Epidemiology in Malaysia): study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial

Saadatian-Elahi M, Alexander N, Möhlmann T, Langlois-Jacques C, Suer R, Ahmad NW, et al.

Trials, 2021 May 30;22(1):374.
PMID: 34053466 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05298-2

BACKGROUND: In common with many South East Asian countries, Malaysia is endemic for dengue. Dengue control in Malaysia is currently based on reactive vector management within 24 h of a dengue case being reported. Preventive rather than reactive vector control approaches, with combined interventions, are expected to improve the cost-effectiveness of dengue control programs. The principal objective of this cluster randomized controlled trial is to quantify the effectiveness of a preventive integrated vector management (IVM) strategy on the incidence of dengue as compared to routine vector control efforts.
METHODS: The trial is conducted in randomly allocated clusters of low- and medium-cost housing located in the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya. The IVM approach combines: targeted outdoor residual spraying with K-Othrine Polyzone, deployment of mosquito traps as auto-dissemination devices, and community engagement activities. The trial includes 300 clusters randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio. The clusters receive either the preventive IVM in addition to the routine vector control activities or the routine vector control activities only. Epidemiological data from monthly confirmed dengue cases during the study period will be obtained from the Vector Borne Disease Sector, Malaysian Ministry of Health e-Dengue surveillance system. Entomological surveillance data will be collected in 12 clusters randomly selected from each arm. To measure the effectiveness of the IVM approach on dengue incidence, a negative binomial regression model will be used to compare the incidence between control and intervention clusters. To quantify the effect of the interventions on the main entomological outcome, ovitrap index, a modified ordinary least squares regression model using a robust standard error estimator will be used.
DISCUSSION: Considering the ongoing expansion of dengue burden in Malaysia, setting up proactive control strategies is critical. Despite some limitations of the trial such as the use of passive surveillance to identify cases, the results will be informative for a better understanding of effectiveness of proactive IVM approach in the control of dengue. Evidence from this trial may help justify investment in preventive IVM approaches as preferred to reactive case management strategies.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN ISRCTN81915073 . Retrospectively registered on 17 April 2020.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Knowledge, attitude, practice and stigma of tuberculosis among healthcare providers in Hospital Ampang

Hafridz Murshid al-Wafi Shahbuddin, Ummi Affah Mahamad, Abdul Aziz Marwan

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(108):42-46.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Malaysia is an intermediate tuberculosis burdened country as classified by WHO. There was a recent rise in TB incidence. Healthcare providers, especially in secondary or tertiary centers, were constantly exposed to TB infected patients, which is a hazard source for TB infection. Thus, assessment of behavior towards TB is paramount through knowledge, attitude, health-seeking practice, and stigma domains. Method: A cross-sectional survey was carried out between November 2014 and February 2015 among healthcare providers in Medical Department, Hos- pital Ampang. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver 21. Results: Despite overall good knowledge on TB, only 20% of the correspondence knew which patient’s population is at risk of TB infection. Almost all perceived TB as a health threat and willing to seek medical care if they developed TB symptoms. However, a small proportion (5.3%) will keep it a secret if they contracted TB. This is contrasted by the majority that perceived TB patients will not be accept- ed by the community. Conclusion: Knowledge and attitude towards TB was adequate within the healthcare providers in Medical Department, Hospital Ampang despite the presence of some knowledge gaps. However, there was high perceived stigma that needed to be addressed in order for them to deliver the best medical care.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext A case report of gastric volvulus, a rare cause of acute abdomen

Qader AQ, Abdul Hamid H

Radiol Case Rep, 2021 Jul;16(7):1907-1911.
PMID: 34093935 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.04.059

Gastric volvulus is an uncommon disorder with an unknown incidence, unless it stays in the back of the diagnostician's mind, diagnosis of gastric volvulus, which can have significant morbidity and mortality associated with it, can be easily missed and can present either in the acute or chronic setting with variable symptoms. When it occurs in the acute scenario, patients present with severe epigastric pain and retching without vomiting. Together with inability to pass nasogastric tube, they constitute Borchardt's triad. The presence of a hiatal hernia with persistent vomiting despite initial antiemetic treatment should trigger one to think of gastric volvulus, despite the patient appearing very stable. We report a case which presented in our hospital with abdominal pain and vomiting. As Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy shows hiatal hernia and peptic ulcer. Primary gastric volvulus occurs in the absence of any defect in the diaphragm or adjacent organ pathology and may be caused by weakening of gastric supports. As conclusion; Gastric volvulus is a surgical case, requiring early diagnosis and aggressive management, as a delay results into complications like gangrene and perforation which substantially increase the morbidity and mortality in these patients, and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is the best modality for diagnosis of gastric volvulus.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext A model of nurses' intention to care of patients with COVID-19: Mediating roles of job satisfaction and organisational commitment

Sharif Nia H, Arslan G, Naghavi N, Sivarajan Froelicher E, Kaveh O, Pahlevan Sharif S, et al.

J Clin Nurs, 2021 Jun;30(11-12):1684-1693.
PMID: 33616249 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.15723

AIM AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to test the hypothesis that job satisfaction and organisational commitment might play a mediating roles between workload, quality of supervision, extra-role behaviour, pay satisfaction and intention to care of patients with COVID-19.
BACKGROUND: Given the high incidence of coronavirus and shortage of nurses in Iranian hospitals, learning about nurses' intention to care for patients with COVID-19 is important.
DESIGN: In this cross-sectional study, 648 Iranian nurses were surveyed during March 2020. The online questionnaire consisted of two parts. The mediating role was explored for the following: job satisfaction and commitment in the association of workload, quality of supervisor, extra-role behaviours, and pay satisfaction with the intention to care. The study adhered to STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies.
RESULTS: The results of this study show that job satisfaction and organisational commitment mediated the relationship of nurses' workload, quality of supervisor, extra-role behaviours, and pay satisfaction with the intention to care for patients with COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: The results of the study indicate the importance of job satisfaction and organisational commitment as mechanisms that help to understand the association of nurses' workload, quality of supervisor, extra-role behaviours and pay satisfaction with the intention to care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Hospital managers need to attend to the role of nurses' job satisfaction and other organisational factors to ensure that they can cope with the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Effect of cinnamon powder addition to nutritional composition, physical properties and sensory acceptability of butter biscuits

Ng, S.H., Wan Rosli, W.I.

Malays J Nutr, 2014;20(2):245-253.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Demand for dietary fibre-enriched and low sugar bakery products is rapidly increasing due to the current high incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cinnamon, a spice which acts as a natural sweetener and insulin mimetic is believed to have health benefits. The objective of this study was to determine the properties of butter biscuits containing cinnamon powder (CP) that partially replaced sucrose at levels of 0 (control), 2, 4 or 6%. Methods: Nutritional composition, physical properties and sensory acceptability of the biscuits were analysed using AOAC methods, texture profile analyser and 7-point hedonic scaling method, respectively. Results: Protein, ash and dietary fibre contents of the biscuits increased significantly (P < 0.05) whereas the moisture and sucrose contents were reduced significantly, proportionately to the increasing levels of CP. In texture profile analyses, increment of firmness and reduction of crispiness of the biscuits were detected with increasing levels of CP, but not significantly. The sensory scores for control and 2% CP biscuits were not significantly different for all the sensory attributes. Biscuits with 4% CP received lower scores only for aroma and appearance whereas the scores for colour, crispiness and flavour showed no significant differences compared to the control and 2% CP biscuit. Conclusion: The addition of 4% CP in biscuit could be an effective way to produce nutritious butter biscuits without any apparent change to its desirable physical properties and sensory acceptability.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Endophytic Bacteria Isolated from Citrus Plants for Biological Control of Citrus Canker in Lime Plants

Daungfu O, Youpensuk S, Lumyong S

Trop Life Sci Res, 2019 Jan;30(1):73-88.
PMID: 30847034 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2019.30.1.5

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri is a disease affecting the yield and fruit quality of lime (Citrus aurantiifolia). This research investigated endophytic bacteria obtained from six healthy Citrus spp. to inhibit the pathogen and to control citrus canker on lime plants. Numbers of the endophytic bacteria isolated from C. aurantifolia, C. hystrix, C. maxima, C. nobilis, C. reticulata and C. sinensis were 28, 25, 29, 42, 12 and 34 isolates, respectively. The selected endophytic bacteria that were effective against X. citri subsp. citri were Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LE109, B. subtilis LE24 and B. tequilensis PO80. The optimum culture medium for an antagonistic effect on the pathogen in B. amyloliquefaciens LE109 and B. tequilensis PO80 was yeast extract peptone dextrose broth, and in B. subtilis LE24 was modified soluble starch broth. To control citrus canker in lime, young expanded leaves of lime plants were aseptically punctured and inoculated with 30 μl of bacterial suspension of the pathogen (108 CFU/ml in 0.85% NaCl) per punctured location. After the pathogenic inoculation for 24 h, the leaves were then inoculated with 30 μl of the selected endophytic bacteria (108 CFU/ml in 0.85% NaCl), and treated with 30 μl of the culture media containing bioactive compounds produced by the selected endophytic bacteria. The leaves inoculated with cell suspensions of B. amyloliquefaciens LE109 or B. subtilis LE24 could completely control citrus canker. However, the leaves inoculated with B. tequilensis PO80 displayed 10% disease incidence. Additionally, the leaves treated with the crude bioactive compounds of B. amyloliquefaciens LE109 or B. subtilis LE24 could completely control citrus canker. Notably, the leaves treated with the crude bioactive compounds of B. tequilensis PO80 displayed 5% disease incidence. The results of this study showed that the Bacillus strains play important roles in the biocontrol of citrus canker in lime.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Toxicity of Chlorophyllin against Lymnaea acuminata at Different Wavelengths of Visible Light

Chaturvedi D, Singh VK

Trop Life Sci Res, 2016 Aug;27(2):25-36.
PMID: 27688849 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2016.27.2.3

Fasciolosis is a water and food-borne disease caused by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This disease is widespread in different parts of the world. Lymnaeidae and Planorbidae snails are the intermediate hosts of these flukes. Snail population management is a good tool to control fasciolosis because gastropods represent the weakest link in the life-cycle of trematodes. Chlorophyll can be extracted from any green plant. Chlorophyllin was prepared from spinach in 100% ethanol by using different types of chemicals. The chlorophyll obtained from spinach was transformed into water-soluble chlorophyllin. In the present paper, toxicity of chlorophyllin against the snail Lymnaea acuminata was time and concentration dependent. The toxicity of extracted and pure chlorophyllin at continuous 4 h exposure of sunlight was highest with lethal concentration (LC50) of 331.01 mg/L and 2.60 mg/L, respectively, than discontinuous exposure of sunlight up to 8 h with LC50 of 357.04 mg/L and 4.94 mg/L, respectively. Toxicity of extracted chlorophyllin was noted in the presence of different monochromatic visible lights. The highest toxicity was noted in yellow light (96 h, LC50 392.77 mg/L) and the lowest in green light (96 h, LC50 833.02 mg/L). Chlorophyllin in combination with solar radiation or different wavelength of monochromatic visible lights may become a latent remedy against the snail L. acuminata. It was demonstrated that chlorophyllin was more toxic in sunlight. Chlorophyllin is ecologically safe and more economical than synthetic molluscicides which have the potential to control the incidence of fasciolosis in developing countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Prevalence of Fusarium Wilt Disease of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus Linn) in Peninsular Malaysia Caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani

Din HM, Rashed O, Ahmad K

Trop Life Sci Res, 2020 Oct;31(3):29-45.
PMID: 33214854 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2020.31.3.3

Fusarium wilt disease is one of the most problematic and destructive disease in cucumber production. The causative agents are Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani. These pathogens are soil borne and transmitted through infested soil and water. A field survey was conducted to study the disease prevalence in the major growing areas of cucumber in Peninsular Malaysia. Field study revealed that the disease was highly prevalence in the field with the disease incidence was in the range of 10%-60%. The morphological properties of F. oxysporum are microconidia (3.8-15.7 μm × 2.9-4.9 μm), macroconidia (14.8-38.5 μm × 2.4-5.7 μm) and number of septate was 1-4. While for F. solani are microconidia (3.39-14.63 μm × 2.36-4.44 μm), macroconidia (7.22-50.46 μm × 2.43-6.14 μm) and number of septate was 1-5. Based on molecular identification had confirmed that the disease is caused by F. oxysporum and F. solani with similarity index of 99%-100% based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequences. The pathogenicity test showed that the symptoms of Fusarium wilt disease was firstly appeared as yellowing of old leaves. Progressively, the infected plant will be wilted and finally died. The outputs of this study are highly important to establish an effective disease management programme to reduce disease prevalence and yield loss in the field.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Highly dynamic transient colonization by Staphylococcus aureus in healthy Malaysian students

VasanthaKumari N, Alshrari ASD, Rad EG, Moghaddam HG, van Belkum A, Alreshidi MA, et al.

J Med Microbiol, 2009 Nov;58(Pt 11):1531-1532.
PMID: 19589902 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.011692-0
Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Discovery of small molecule inhibitors against the NS3/4A serine protease of Hepatitis C virus genotype 3 via highthroughput virtual screening and in vitro evaluations

Sakhor W, Teoh TC, Yusof R, Lim SK, Razif MFM

Trop Biomed, 2020 Sep 01;37(3):609-625.
PMID: 33612776 DOI: 10.47665/tb.37.3.609

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) consists of eight genotypes and 90 subtypes, with genotype (GT) 3 being the second most common globally and is linked to higher incidences of steatosis and rapid development of fibrosis and cirrhosis. The NS3/4A serine protease, a heterodimer complex of two HCV non-structural proteins, is an effective target for pharmaceutical intervention due to its essential roles in processing HCV polyproteins and inhibiting innate immunity. This study combines structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) of predefined compound libraries, pharmacokinetic prediction (ADME/T) and in vitro evaluation to identify potential low molecular weight (<500 Dalton) inhibitors of the NS3/4A serine protease (GT3). In silico screening of ZINC and PubChem libraries yielded five selected compounds as potential candidates. Dose-dependent inhibition of the NS3/4A serine protease and HCV replication in HuH-7.5 cells revealed that compound A (PubChem ID No. 16672637) exhibited inhibition towards HCV GT3 with an IC50 of 106.7µM and EC50 of 25.8µM, respectively. Thus, compound A may be developed as a potent, low molecular weight drug against the HCV NS3/4A serine protease of GT3.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Molecular quantitation and characterization of Vibrio cholerae from different seafood obtained from wetmarket and supermarket

Vengadesh, L., Son, R., Yoke-Kqueen, C.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(1):45-50.
MyJurnal

Vibrio cholerae still represents a significant threat to human health worldwide despite the advances in hygiene, consumer knowledge, food treatment and food processing. In Malaysia, statistics in year 2009 have shown that among the food and water borne diseases, food poisoning has the highest incidence rate of 36.17 per 100,000 populations and with a mortality rate of 0.01 per 100,000 populations. In this study, 22 seafood samples comprising of fish, squid, crustacean and mollusks purchased from wet market and supermarket were analyzed. The Most Probable Number (MPN) and real time PCR was used to enumerate the Vibrio cholerae in seafood sample. The results showed that MPN-real time PCR of the samples from wet market had a maximum of >1100 MPN/g compare to 93 MPN/g enumerated from the MPN plate. The MPN-real time PCR in the samples from supermarket indicated 290 MPN/g as compared to 240 MPN/g enumerated from the MPN plate. The standard curves showed that there was a good linear correlation between the Ct values. The minimum level of detection of Vibrio cholerae standard DNA at targeted gene was 3 x 10-5 ng/μl.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Occurrence of Norovirus GI in green and red onion

Noor Hidayah, M.S., Tuan Zainazor, C., Pui, C.F., Noorlis, A., Noor Eliza, M.R., Naziehah, M.D., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2011;18(2):677-681.
MyJurnal

Several Norovirus cases due to consumption of green onions have been reported during recent years but reports on red onions are not found. Onions are one of the major tastes in Malaysian food which are sometimes consuming raw especially the green onion. Viral contamination in onions can occur due to planting condition and not properly prepared food. This situation can pose the human health risk. A method was developed to detect the Norovirus that might present on different type of onions. In this study, 60 samples were collected from local market. Elution by Tryptose Phosphate Glycine broth and concentration steps using negatively charge filter were applied to enhance the detection of virus in food due to low copies of virus on food surface. The viral RNA was extracted using Qiagen Rneasy Mini kit before further detection using One-step RT-PCR. The total incidence of Norovirus in green onion and red onion was 13.33% (4/30) and 3.33 % (1/30) respectively. This is the first report of the detection of Norovirus in red and green onions in Malaysia. Based on the results, it is concluded that this method is reliable to detect Norovirus on onions and vegetables surface and hence can be applied in the laboratories for routine or food borne outbreak investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Review of the burden of esophageal cancer in Malaysia

Siti-Azrin AH, Wan-Nor-Asyikeen WA, Norsa'adah B

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2016;17(8):3705-9.
PMID: 27644604

Esophageal cancer is one of the top leading causes of cancer-related deaths in Malaysia. To date, neither the prevalence nor incidence of esophageal cancer nationally have been recorded. Esophageal cancer remains a major and lethal health problem even if it is not common in Malaysia. The late presentation of esophageal cancer makes it a difficult and challenging medical problem. Therefore, more governmental and non-governmental organizations of Malaysia should emphasize primary and secondary prevention strategies.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext The rare primary Low Grade Papillary Adenocarcinoma of Nasopharynx: a diagnostic challenge and management

Noor Dina, H., Gendeh, B.S.

Medicine & Health, 2015;10(2):137-140.
MyJurnal

Low Grade Papillary Nasopharyngeal Adenocarcinoma (LGPAC) is a very rare tumour of mucosal origin compared to a higher incidence of well differentiated keratinized/non-keratinized nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It is an epithelial tumour with glandular differentiation. Its papillary figure seen histologically, is also seen in metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. This has caused a significant challenge to the Pathologist to differentiate primary papillary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma and metastatic tumour. Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1) is also expressed in subsets of papillary nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma, which is valuable as a diagnostic tool. LGPAC is a benign-like malignant neoplasm. An early diagnosis with a complete tumour removal via conventional excision or endoscopic approach has offered a good prognosis with low risk of recurrence.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Post-intubation airway related adverse effects: a aomparison between intra-cuff dexamethasone and intra-cuff alkalinized lignocaine

Kep, Kee W., Nadia, M.N., Melvin, K., Muhammad, M., Raha, R., Nurlia, Y.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2013;3(2):26-31.
MyJurnal

Post-intubation airway related adverse effects such as coughing on the endotracheal tube (ETT), restlessness, hoarseness and sore throat are common and undesirable outcomes of anaesthesia using endotracheal intubation. This prospective randomized single blind study was carried out to compare the effectiveness of intra-cuff dexamethasone and alkalinized lignocaine in reducing the incidence of post-intubation airway related adverse effects. Eighty four patients aged 18 – 60 years, of ASA status I or II, were randomly allocated into three groups: air, dexamethasone and alkalinized lignocaine. Their ETT cuffs were inflated according to the group they were allocated to. The incidence of coughing on the ETT, restlessness, hoarseness and sore throat was assessed, postoperatively. The results showed a significant difference in the incidence of cough, restlessness, hoarseness and sore throat in the dexamethasone group compared to the air group. All the patients had minimal or no sore throat at all documented times. Both intra-cuff dexamethasone and alkalinized lignocaine significantly reduced the incidence of hoarseness. However, alkalinized lignocaine additionally lowered the incidence of restlessness, significantly.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block versus intrathecal morphine for analgesia post caesarean section: which is better?

Aizatul Isla, A.L., Wan Rahiza, W.M., Azrin, M.A., Thohiroh, A.R., Nurlia, Y., Nadia, M.N.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2013;3(2):39-45.
MyJurnal

The tranversus abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia after caesarean section may confer potential benefits comparable to that of intrathecal opioids. We compared postoperative analgesia, and the incidence of nausea, vomiting, pruritus and sedation between the TAP block and intrathecal morphine (ITM) in patients undergoing Caesarean section. This was a prospective, randomised clinical study. Fifty American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I or II patients, planned for elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, were randomly allocated to the TAP group (patients receiving spinal anaesthesia with bilateral TAP block without ITM) or ITM group (patients receiving spinal anaesthesia with ITM without a TAP block). Assessment for pain, postoperative nausea and vomiting, pruritus and sedation was done upon arrival and discharge from recovery, and at 6, 12 and 24 hours, postoperatively in the post natal ward. Results were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). There was no pain at rest in either groups. Both groups experienced pain on movement at the 12th (p = 0.6) and 24th hour (p = 0.4). None of the patients in the TAP group experienced nausea, vomiting, pruritus or sedation. However, these incidences were found to be significantly higher in the ITM group. Ultrasound guided TAP block provided comparable postoperative analgesia to ITM without the side effects of the latter.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence
Fulltext Spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine and intrathecal morphine versus combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia using Bupivacaine and Epidural infusion of bupivacaine plus fentanyl for postoperative analgesia after hip and knee arthroplasty

Mohd Azizan, G., Karis, M., Noordin, Y.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2013;3(2):46-53.
MyJurnal

This randomised single-blinded study was conducted to evaluate if there was any difference between spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and intrathecal morphine 0.2mg and combined-spinal epidural using hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% with epidural infusion of bupivacaine 0.1% plus fentanyl 2.0μg/ml for 24 hours, postoperative analgesia following hip and knee arthroplasty, in terms of pain score and side effects (nausea, vomiting, pruritus and respiratory depression). Eighty patients ASA I or ASA II, aged between 18 to 75 years who underwent knee and hip arthroplasty of approximately 3-4 hours, duration were recruited. They were randomly allocated to one of two groups by using computer generated randomised numbers. The pain score during the postoperative period was evaluated using Visual Analogue Score (VAS pain score) and the side effects were documented and treated accordingly. Results showed that patients in Group 1 and Group 2 were comparable in terms of age, gender, height, weight and race. There was no statistical difference in VAS pain score between the two groups at all times intervals. However, patients in Group 1 had a higher incidence of nausea and pruritus than patients in Group 2. None of the patients in either group, experienced respiratory depression. Thus, it was concluded that both intrathecal morphine 0.2mg and epidural infusion of bupivacaine 0.1% plus fentanyl 2.0μg/ml were comparable in providing postoperative analgesia up to 24 hours following hip and knee arthroplasty. Nevertheless, the use of spinal morphine led to a higher incidence of side effects namely nausea and pruritus.

Matched MeSH terms: Incidence

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