MyMedR

Assessment of infectiousness of male Malaysian blood donors

So-Har T, Gladys LC, Ramli N

Vox Sang, 1983;45(5):389-91.

HBeAg and anti-HBe were determined in the blood of 189 male blood donors. The incidence of HBsAg was 6.9% while that for HBeAg and anti-HBe was 1.6 and 18%, respectively. Of the 13 samples positive for HBsAg, two (15.4%) were positive for HBe while six (46.2%) were positive for anti-HBe. One specimen was negative for HBsAg but was positive for HBeAg and anti-HBe. The observations are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Antibodies/analysis

Salmonella agglutinins in normal adult sera in an endemic area

Jamal F, Yasin MS, Abdullah R, Mokhtar N

J Diarrhoeal Dis Res, 1986 Jun;4(2):74-6.

PMID: 3571875

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis*

Sero-epidemiology of amoebiasis in Peninsular Malaysia

Thomas V, Sinniah B

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1982 Apr;76(2):147-51.

PMID: 6284074

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/analysis

Scrub Typhus antibody in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in Malaysia

Heisey GB, Gan E, Shirai A, Groves MG

Lab. Anim. Sci., 1981 Jun;31(3):289-91.

PMID: 6790836

Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, sera from 113 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), trapped in Peninsular Malaysia, were screened for the presence of antibody to six prototype strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi combined into three polyvalent groupings: I--Karp, TA716, and TA763; II--Gilliam; and III--TA678 and TH1817. Fifteen percent (17/113) of the monkeys had antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:50 to one or more of the antigenic groups. Although a titer greater than or equal to 1:150 is generally considered indicative or prior Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection, we selected a less than 1:25 titer as a conservative standard to insure non-infected animals. Using this criterion, 62 (55%) of the 113 monkeys were accepted for use in scrub typhus studies. The high prevalence of antibody to scrub typhus in the semi-arboreal cynomolgus monkey is in marked contrast to the low prevalence reported in the strictly arboreal silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus). The results of this study indicate that cynomolgus monkeys should be rigorously screened for evidence of prior infection before they are included in experimental scrub typhus studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis*

An epizootic of measles in captive silvered leaf-monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) in Malaysia

Montrey RD, Huxsoll DL, Hildebrandt PK, Booth BW, Arimbalam S

Lab. Anim. Sci., 1980 Aug;30(4 Pt 1):694-7.

PMID: 7421117

An epizootic of measles occurred in a group of 31 silvered leaf-monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) that had been in captivity for 4-12 months. Twenty-four of the monkeys exhibited a maculopapular rash that persisted for 6-9 days. A serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge and conjunctivitis were seen in some animals. Eight monkeys died during the epizootic; however, their deaths could not be directly attributed to measles. Serum samples from the surviving monkeys collected 1-2 months prior to, and 5 weeks after, the epizootic were examined by the complement-fixation and hemagglutination-inhibition tests for antibodies to measles virus. The preepizootic complement-fixation titers were all less than 1:4 and hemagglutination-inhibition titers, less than 1:10. The postepizootic complement-fixation titers in 21 of 23 surviving monkeys ranged from 1:8 to 1:128, and hemagglutination-inhibition titers in 22 of 23 monkeys ranged from 1:40 to 1:80 or greater.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/analysis

Prevalence of antibody to heterologous circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium vivax in Thailand

Wirtz RA, Rosenberg R, Sattabongkot J, Webster HK

Lancet, 1990 Sep 8;336(8715):593-5.

PMID: 1975379

The distribution in Thailand of antibody to a recently discovered variant of circumsporozoite proteins of Plasmodium vivax was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA capture antigens were a synthetic peptide of the principal variant sequence ANGAGNQPG and a candidate P vivax vaccine that contained the predominant repeat sequence GDRAA/DGQPA. Serological evidence of recent inoculation with the variant was found throughout Thailand and in migrants from Cambodia, Malaysia, and Burma. IgG antibody to the two P vivax circumsporozoite proteins was detected in 217 of 804 test sera (27%). Within the regions studied the proportion of positive sera specific for the variant epitope ranged from 28% to 66%. A vaccine against the predominant repeat domain may rapidly select for the variant, which already appears to be widespread within Thailand.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Protozoan/isolation & purification*

Use of avidin-biotin-glucose oxidase complex to detect antimalarial antibody in serum by light microscopy

Lee M, Lambros C

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1988 Aug;39(2):145-9.

PMID: 3044152

An immunohistochemical assay was developed combining an avidin-biotin-glucose oxidase complex procedure (ABC-GO) with light microscopy to detect specific antibody against Plasmodium falciparum. Thin blood films were prepared from culture material of P. falciparum and fixed with acetone. Antibody was detected by successive incubations with test serum, biotinylated goat antihuman antibody, avidin-biotin-glucose oxidase complex, and glucose oxidase substrate. In the presence of reactive serum, a blue precipitate formed on the parasites and could be visually observed with a 40x objective. Sera from patients with single infections for P. vivax or P. ovale were unreactive. No cross-reactivity was observed with sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, filariasis, amebiasis, schistosomiasis, dengue, scrub typhus, leptospirosis, or toxoplasmosis. The sensitivity of ABC-GO is comparable to that of the indirect fluorescent antibody test.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Protozoan/analysis*

A longitudinal study of malaria antibodies in a Malaysian population. I. Group responses

Mathews HM, Dondero TJ

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1982 Jan;31(1):14-8.

PMID: 7036766

The indirect hemagglutination test was used to measure malaria antibody levels in residents of an endemic area of Malaysia. Blood specimens were collected at 4-week intervals for a year. Seropositivity rates increased with age and number of episodes of malaria in young children. Although antibody levels were variable, titers tended to rise with parasitemia and fall in the absence of detected parasites. In general, the serologic indices tended to reflect the parasitologic findings.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/analysis*

A longitudinal study of malaria antibodies in a Malaysian population. II. Follow-up of individuals

Mathews HM, Dondero TJ

Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1982 Jan;31(1):19-23.

PMID: 7036769

A cohort of 62 persons living in a malaria-endemic area was examined by serology and by blood film 14 times over a 56-week period. Serologic responses (indirect hemagglutination test) of the group as a whole reflected the malaria transmission as determined by blood slide examination. The serologic responses of individuals showed titer changes that were not always consistent with blood slide results. The use of chloroquine may have modified the host's immune response.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/analysis*

Dengue virus isolation by antibody-dependent enhancement of infectivity in macrophages

Cardosa MJ

Lancet, 1987 Jan 24;1(8526):193-4.

PMID: 2880019

Acute-phase serum samples collected during an outbreak of dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever in Penang, Malaysia, were tested by a method involving antibody-dependent enhancement of infectivity in the mouse macrophage-like cell line, P388D1. 58 of 71 (81.7%) serologically positive cases yielded virus.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/immunology*

The use of infliximab in South-east Asian children with severe Crohn's disease

Lee WS

Pediatr Int, 2004 Apr;46(2):198-201.

PMID: 15056252

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use*

The laboratory diagnosis of venereal diseases. I. Serological tests for syphilis

Jegathesan M

Med J Malaysia, 1973 Dec;28(2):109-12.

PMID: 4276225

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/analysis

Fulltext Sensitized-erythrocyte-lysis (SEL) test as an epidemiological tool for human leptospirosis serological surveys

Tan DS

Bull World Health Organ, 1969;40(6):899-902.

PMID: 5307602

Epidemiological studies of human leptospirosis have generally been limited to countries with specialized laboratories employing the microscopic-agglutination (MA) test. The sensitized-erythrocyte-lysis (SEL) test is much simpler for routine hospital laboratories to carry out and it has been found valuable in the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. This paper reports the results of studies of the SEL test as an epidemiological tool in serological surveys.The results showed that the significant SEL titre was 1:80 and that the sensitivity of the test depended possibly on the antigen preparation and the amount of complement used. Most of the SEL antibodies were found to persist at significant titres for about 1 year after active infection, but less than half persisted longer than that. The SEL test is therefore useful for detecting recent infections and for indicating that stability of leptospirosis in an area.The endemicity of leptospirosis in West Malaysia was confirmed by the SEL test, based on the employment of 1:80 as the significant titre.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/analysis*

Filarial antibodies and eosinophilia in human subjects in an endemic area

Wong MM, Guest MF

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1969;63(6):796-800.

PMID: 5368008

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/analysis*

Antibodies in human sera reacting with an insect pathogenic virus

MacCallum F, Brown G, Tinsley T

Intervirology, 1979;11(4):234-7.

PMID: 107144

Precipitating antibodies to an insect pathogenic RNA virus of Darna trima from East Malaysia have been found in a small percentage of human sera from several different groups of persons in West Malaysia and the United Kingdom. No associated illness was identified. The results suggest that an antigenically related virus or viruses are present in the environment that may be associated with symptomless or inapparent infections in man.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Viral/analysis*

Serologic survey with the sera of monkeys in regard to their natural infection with measles virus

Yamanouchi K, Fukuda A, Kobune F, Hikita M, Shishido A

Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol., 1969 Apr;22(2):117-21.

PMID: 4981321

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies/analysis*

Ethnic distribution of Chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in a Malaysian population and possible correlation with coronary heart disease

Naidu BR, Ngeow YF, Pang T

Eur J Epidemiol, 2003;18(2):135-7.

PMID: 12733835

Chlamydophila pneumoniae, an important respiratory pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections, has also been implicated in coronary heart disease (CHD). This study reports a cross-sectional, demographic, serological analysis of the prevalence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in a multiracial Malaysian population. Generally, Malaysian Indians had the highest degree of seropositivity (58%) followed by the Chinese (54%) and the Malays (32%), results which were statistically significant (CI: 95%; p < 0.01). Interestingly, this trend was also reflected in the study group consisting of patients with acute myocardial infarctions (AMI) and chronic CHD. Again, the Indians were more frequently seropositive (65%), with more than 50% having IgG titres > or = 128. Comparatively, the Chinese and Malays showed 51 and 17% seropositivity respectively. These results were also statistically significant (CI: 95%; p < 0.01). Malaysian Indians are more commonly afflicted with CHD. A variety of factors have been suggested to explain this prevalence including diet, social habits, genetics and the possible role of infectious agents. This study notes an interesting association between this pattern of racial prevalence and the possible role of C. pneumoniae infections as a contributory/predisposing factor in the development of cardiovascular disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/immunology*

FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY REACTIONS AGAINST SIX SPECIES OF SIMIAN MALARIA IN MONKEYS FROM INDIA AND MALAYSIA

COLLINS WE, SKINNER JC, GUINN EG, DOBROVOLNY CG, JONES FE

J Parasitol, 1965 Feb;51:81-4.

PMID: 14259488

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies*

Fulltext Diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic tests for the early detection of leptospirosis

Alia SN, Joseph N, Philip N, Azhari NN, Garba B, Masri SN, et al.

J Infect Public Health, 2018 11 27;12(2):263-269.

PMID: 30502041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2018.10.137

BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is often misdiagnosed with several other tropical febrile illnesses in Malaysia due to similarities in clinical manifestations. Although treatment regimens could be started based on clinical judgments, early diagnosis has become paramount as a guide to chemotherapeutic interventions. Confirmed laboratory diagnosis through MAT or PCR is time consuming and usually available only in reference laboratories and not practical in healthcare settings. Rapid and easy to perform diagnostic tests are widely used in these settings as the point of care diagnosis. The present study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic performance of two IgM based immunodiagnostic assay kits for acute leptospirosis.

METHODS: A total of 50 serum samples were collected from patients clinically suspected for acute leptospirosis on admission in the Hospital Serdang, from June 2016 to June 2017. All the samples were subjected to MAT, lipL32 PCR and the two rapid tests (Leptocheck-WB and ImmuneMed Leptospira IgM Duo Rapid test).

RESULTS: Out of the 50 clinically suspected patients sampled, 19 were confirmed positive for leptospirosis. Six (12%) were confirmed by MAT and 13 (26%) by PCR. Similarly, of the 50 clinically suspected cases, 17 (34%) showed positivity for Leptocheck-WB and 7 (14%) for ImmuneMed Leptospira IgM Duo Rapid test. The overall sensitivity and specificity was 47.37% and 80.65% for Leptocheck-WB, and 21.05% and 90.32% for ImmuneMed Leptospira IgM Duo Rapid test. In another set of previously confirmed MAT positive samples (1:400-1:3600) obtained from a reference laboratory, Leptocheck-WB showed higher sensitivity (90.72%) than ImmuneMed Leptospira IgM Duo Rapid test (40.21%), and comparable specificity for ImmuneMed Leptospira IgM Duo Rapid test (88.89%) and Leptocheck-WB (82.86%).

CONCLUSION: The sensitivity was higher for Leptocheck-WB and had a comparable specificity with ImmuneMed Leptospira IgM Duo Rapid test. Therefore, based on the present study, Leptocheck-WB is found to be a more sensitive rapid immunodiagnostic test for acute leptospirosis screening in hospital settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Antibodies, Bacterial/blood*

Hepatitis B seroepidemiology and booster vaccination in pre-clinical medical students in a Malaysian university

Othman SN, Zainol Rashid Z, Abdul Wahab A, Abdul Samat MN, Ding CH, Ali UK

Malays J Pathol, 2018 Dec;40(3):295-302.

PMID: 30580360

INTRODUCTION: Infant hepatitis B vaccination was introduced into the Expanded Programme on Immunisation (EPI) in Malaysia in 1989. This study aimed to investigate seroprevalence of hepatitis B among UKM pre-clinical medical students, born between 1991 and 1995, and had their infant vaccination more than 20 years ago.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional study involving 352 students, comprising 109 (31.0%) males and 243 (69.0%) females. Blood specimens were tested for anti-HBs, where levels of ≥10 mIU/mL was considered reactive and protective. Students with non-reactive levels were given a 20 μg HBV vaccine booster. Anti-HBs levels were tested six weeks after the first booster dose. Those with anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL were then given another two booster doses, at least one month apart. Anti-HBs levels were tested six weeks after the third dose.

RESULTS: Ninety-seven students (27.6%) had anti-HBs ranging from 10 to >1000 mIU/mL while 255 (72.4%) had anti-HBs <10 mIU/mL. After one booster dose, 208 (59.1%) mounted anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL. Among the remaining 47 (13.3%), all except two students (0.6%) responded following completion of three vaccination doses. They were negative for HBsAg and anti-HBcore antibody, thus regarded as non-responders.

CONCLUSIONS: Anti-HBs levels waned after 20 years post-vaccination, where more than 70% were within non-reactive levels. For healthcare workers, a booster dose followed by documenting anti-HBs levels of ≥10 mIU/mL may be recommended, to guide the management of post-exposure prophylaxis. Pre-booster anti-HBs testing may not be indicated. Serological surveillance is important in long-term assessment of HBV vaccination programs. No HBV carrier was detected.

Matched MeSH terms: Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood*

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