MyMedR

Iron and infection: the clinical evidence

Oppenheimer SJ

Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 1989;361:53-62.

Iron deficiency is prevalent in childhood in the developed and developing countries. Programs of presumptive therapy, mass supplementation and food fortification have been introduced in many countries. The unresolved debate over the interaction of iron and infection in the clinical setting prompts re-evaluation of these practices. Situations of iron overload are associated with increased susceptibility to certain infections, although the exact mechanisms may vary with the main pathology. Iron treatment has been associated with acute exacerbations of infection, in particular malaria. In most instances parenteral iron was used. In the neonate parenteral iron is associated with serious E. coli sepsis. In one country, with endemic malaria, parenteral iron was associated with increased rates of malaria and increased morbidity due to respiratory disease in infants. In contrast in non-malarious countries studies of oral iron supplementation have if anything shown a reduction in infectious morbidity. Methodological problems in the latter reports indicate the need for further controlled prospective studies with accurate morbidity recording if informed recommendations are to be made.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Congenital rubella syndrome in Malaysia

Tan DSK

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Mar;40(1):11-4.

PMID: 3831727

Of the five diseases generally recognised as causing congenital defects, viz., toxoplasmosis, rubella, cy tomegaloviral infection, herpes simplex and syphilis (TORCHES) studied in Malaysia, rubella was found to be the most important. A total of 574 children with features of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) were examined for rubella-specific IgM (in infants four months and below), and for rubella HAl antibodies (in children six months to four-years-old), and compared with 374 normal children of the same age groups. Whereas the prevalence rate of rubella in normal children was only 1.3%, in children with CRS (multiple defects) it was 87.3%; with congenital heart disease 71.0%; with congenital cataract 64.0%; with deafness 60.1%; with rash 30.8%; with hepatomegaly 17.1%; with mental retardation 4.1 %. Congenital rubella was not important as a cause of neonatal jaundice (0.9%)
and CNS defects (0%).

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Growth of head circumference of Malaysian infants and pre-school children

Chen ST

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1990;32(3-4):81-6.

PMID: 2133761

126 Malaysian children, 65 boys and 61 girls from higher income families were followed-up regularly from birth to six years of age in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. The study confirms the observations of previous studies that growth velocity of head circumference is most rapid during the first few months of infancy and then decreases so that by the fifth year of life the increment is minimal. It also confirms the fact that boys have bigger head circumferences than girls. The paper also presents the head circumference distance and velocity percentile charts which can be used to monitor the head circumference of Malaysian children.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Influence of maternal factors and sex of newborn on birthweight

Yadav H

Med J Malaysia, 1988 Sep;43(3):224-8.

PMID: 3241580

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn/physiology*

Fulltext The prevalence, nature and severity of disabilities in a Malaysian community

Chen PCY, Arokiasamy JT, Gan CY

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Sep;38(3):206-11.

PMID: 6231457

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Transmission of infection among household contacts of cholera patients in the 1978 outbreak in Perak

Gan CY

Med J Malaysia, 1981 Jun;36(2):70-5.

PMID: 7343821

In the outbreak of cholera in Perak in 1978, a study on 179 cholera patients (cases) from 8 health districts in the state indicated that those afflicted with the disease were from the rural areas, belonged to the lower socio-economic class and had little or no formal education. Under such conditions, it is expected that personal hygiene may not be satisfactory and person to person contact could play an important role in the transmission of the disease especially among those living in close contact. 34.2 percent of the 164 households of the cholera patients contained injected household contacts. From 1 to 6 infected household contacts per household were found for household size ranging from 2 to 18. Ninetyjive (8.6 percent) of the total 1101 household contacts were injected. Only 8 of these 95 infected household contacts developed clinical symptoms giving a ratio of 1:12 symptomatic to inapparent injections. While most of the contacts probably acquired their infection from the patient who constitutes the index case, the role of the asymptomatic carrier in the transmission ofinjection cannot be underestimated.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fertility preferences among Malaysian women: an analysis of responses to the new population policy

Khor GL

J Biosoc Sci, 1990 Oct;22(4):465-76.

PMID: 2250038

About 10% of 3887 ever-married women included in the 1984-85 Malaysian Population and Family Survey revealed that they were influenced by the new population policy to desire more children than they had originally wanted. These women were more likely to be rural Malays from the lower socioeconomic class. Ideal family size was more than four children. Children are desired for economic benefits and emotional support. The natality of the Malays has risen since 1980: their total fertility rate has increased while their contraceptive prevalence rate has dropped sharply. Coupled with a decline in the crude death rate, the present fertility preferences and behaviour of the Malays will render the target of the population policy more attainable than is reflected by the survey data.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant Mortality

Fulltext The nutritional status of Iban preschool children, Sarawak

Yap SB

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Sep;40(3):185-90.

PMID: 3879878

An anthropometric study and dietary investigations were conducted in an Iban community in the Sixth Division of Sarawak. 140 children aged 0 to 6 years, were assessed anthropometrically. Their mean weights and heights were much lower than those of their counterparts in Singapore. 7% of the children were nutritional dwarfs while about 68% were either wasted or wasted as well as stunted. Rice was the staple food in the community while other foods were considered unnecessary. Child feeding practices also reflected this dependancy on rice leading to a toddler diet which is mainly carbohydrate in nature. The dietary assessment showed a quantitative adequacy of energy as well as protein, a [inding whicn does not reflect the seasonal fluctuations with periods of hunger. The predominant contribution from rice resulted in protein intakes which were qualitatively deficient.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Breast feeding among the Chinese in four countries

Koh TH

J Trop Pediatr, 1981 04;27(2):88-91.

PMID: 7230315 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/27.2.88

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Human rotavirus infection in Malaysia. II. A study on the influence of living standard on the prevalence of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis in children hospitalized with diarrhoea

Yap KL, Sabil D, Muthu PA

J Trop Pediatr, 1984 10;30(5):269-71.

PMID: 6512912 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/30.5.269

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Congenital (Bochdalek) diaphragmatic hernia: problems in diagnosis and management

Laidin AZ, Al Rashid Z, Mohd Nor M

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Sep;39(3):185-91.

PMID: 6544919

A review of 24 children with posterolateral (Bochdalek) diaphragmatic hernia over a five-year period was carried out to highlight the problems of diagnosis and' management. Nine children were delivered in the Maternity Hospital Kuala Lumpur, giving an incidence of 1:10,000 live births which is half the expected incidence. Difficulty in diagnosis is apparent from the large number of initially misdiagnosed cases (29%) and those not detected
soon after birth (71% diagnosed after 24 hours). Less than half the babies had associated anomalies, commonest being malrotation and ipsilateral lung hypoplasia. Mortality (20.8%) appears to be related to the degree of lung hypoplasia and shunting, and the birthweight of the babies. Current evidence indicates that pulmonary hypertension is the main factor in the chain of events beginning with lung hypoplasia, which ultimately leads to their demise. Various methods to overcome this complication have been evolved which appear to give some hope for these high-risk infants.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Anterior encephalocele

Rapport RL, Dunn RC, Alhady F

J. Neurosurg., 1981 Feb;54(2):213-9.

PMID: 7452336

Eighteen cases of anterior encephalocele treated at the University of Malaya Hospital between 1970 and 1980 are discussed, and the literature concerning this defect is reviewed. A detailed analysis of the microscopic abnormalities present in the surgical specimens is included, along with the relevant radiographic and demographic data. Anterior encephalocele is more common in Southeast Asia than elsewhere. The possible ethnographic and geographic implications are presented, as well as a discussion of the relevant embryology, in attempting to define possible etiologies for this malformation. The author's surgical approach to the repair of this defect and reasons for preferring a transcranial, intradural approach are described. Potential complications are enumerated.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Morbidity in Alagille syndrome in 6 Malaysian children

Lim CB, Choy YS

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):641-6.

PMID: 15190647 MyJurnal

We retrospectively studied the records of 6 Malaysian children who were diagnosed with Alagille Syndrome (AGS) according to this criteria from January 1999 to January 2001, at the Institute of Paediatrics, Kuala Lumpur Hospital. Four patients (66%) had a positive family history. Thirteen individuals (6 patients and 7 relatives) were diagnosed with AGS in these 5 families. Only 6/13 (46%) of them presented with liver involvement. All 6 patients presented with typical facies and cholestasis (100%). Three (50%) presented with portal hypertension (PHT) with synthetic liver dysfunction (1 died), 1/6 (17%) have PHT and normal synthetic liver function. Two have cleared their jaundice but have biochemical evidence of hepatitis and hepatomegaly, four have congenital heart disease 5/6 posterior embryotoxon, 2/6 butterfly vertebrae, 4/6 hyperlipidaemia and 4/6 failure to thrive. One patient has a Jagged-1 gene disruption at the translocation breakpoint locus 20p12.3 2n = 46,XX,t(12.20) (q22, p12.3). 5/6 (83%) are still alive. Two-thirds of our patients developed chronic liver disease by 3 years of age. Two-thirds of the index patients have a family history. Only 46% of individuals in these families have clinical evidence of liver involvement. Mortality depends on cardiac/renal disease, end-stage liver failure and intercurrent infection.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Leaching of bisphenol A from new and old babies' bottles, and new babies' feeding teats

Tan BL, Mustafa AM

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2003;15(2):118-23.

PMID: 15038686

Bisphenol A is the monomer used in the manufacture of polycarbonate. Bisphenol A is also known to mimic the female hormone estrogen. In this study, the possibility of the leaching of bisphenol A from polycarbonate babies' bottles and feeding teats was investigated. Bisphenol A was extracted from water samples exposed to the bottles and teats using liquid-liquid extraction. Bisphenol A was analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer with quadrapole detector in selected ion monitoring mode. Mean leaching of bisphenol A from 100 used babies' bottles when filled with water at 25 degrees C and 80 degrees C were 0.71 +/- 1.65 ng/cm2 (mean +/- standard deviation) and 3.37 +/- 5.68 ng/cm2 respectively. Mean leaching of bisphenol A from 30 new babies' bottles when filled with water at 25 degrees C and 80 degrees C were 0.03 +/- 0.02 ng/cm2 and 0.18 degrees 0.30 ng/cm2 respectively. Bisphenol A was observed to have leached from babies' feeding teats into 37 degrees C water ranged from non-detectable to 22.86 ng/g. The technique employed in this study is fast, reliable and economical.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant Equipment*

Aspects of ecology of food and nutrition in Peninsular Malaysia

Chong YH

J Trop Pediatr Environ Child Health, 1976 Oct;22(5):238-56.

PMID: 1051830

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant Mortality

Fulltext An example of Filariasis control from West Malaysia

Wilson T

Bull World Health Organ, 1969;41(2):324-9.

PMID: 5308708

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Malignant oral tumours in Peninsular Malaysia -- A preliminary report on 2,263 cases

Ramanathan K, Han NK

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Jun;33(4):342-5.

PMID: 522747

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Astrup studies in the newborn

Hee Wan Jang H

Med J Malaya, 1971 Mar;25(3):208-10.

PMID: 4253248

Matched MeSH terms: Infant, Newborn*

Nutrition in Malaya

Chandrasekharan N

N Y State J Med, 1970 Aug 1;70(15):2010-6.

PMID: 5270540

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Infant, Newborn

Fulltext Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kazeminia M, Abdi A, Shohaimi S, Jalali R, Vaisi-Raygani A, Salari N, et al.

Head Face Med, 2020 Oct 06;16(1):22.

PMID: 33023617 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-020-00237-z

BACKGROUND: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a type of dental caries in the teeth of infants and children that is represented as one of the most prevalent dental problems in this period. Various studies have reported different types of prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children worldwide. However, there has been no comprehensive study to summarize the results of these studies in general, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world during a systematic review and meta-analysis.

METHODS: In this review study, articles were extracted by searching in the national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) between 1995 and December 2019. Random effects model was used for analysis and heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by using the I2 index. Data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software.

FINDINGS: In this study, a total of 164 articles (81 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and 83 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth) were entered the meta-analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 80,405 was 46.2% (95% CI: 41.6-50.8%), and the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 1,454,871 was 53.8% (95% CI: 50-57.5%). Regarding the heterogeneity on the basis of meta-regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world. With increasing the sample size and the year of study, dental caries in primary teeth increased and in permanent teeth decreased.

CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of primary and permanent dental caries in children in the world was found to be high. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels by providing feedback to hospitals.

Matched MeSH terms: Infant; Sudden Infant Death

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