MyMedR

Fulltext Is Ebola a sexually transmitted disease? Implication of Ebola RNA persistence in the semen

Sulaiman WAW, Mat LNI, Hoo FK, Mohamed MH, Lim SMS

J Infect Public Health, 2017 07 27;11(2):299.

PMID: 28757292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.07.015

Matched MeSH terms: Sexually Transmitted Diseases/transmission*; Disease Transmission, Infectious*; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/transmission*

Fulltext Emerging infectious diseases--Southeast Asia

Lam SK

Emerg Infect Dis, 1998 Apr-Jun;4(2):145-7.

PMID: 9621184

Matched MeSH terms: Arbovirus Infections/transmission; Communicable Diseases/transmission; Dengue/transmission; Enterovirus Infections/transmission

Fulltext Imported case of acute respiratory tract infection associated with a member of species nelson bay orthoreovirus

Yamanaka A, Iwakiri A, Yoshikawa T, Sakai K, Singh H, Himeji D, et al.

PLoS One, 2014;9(3):e92777.

PMID: 24667794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092777

A Japanese man suffered from acute respiratory tract infection after returning to Japan from Bali, Indonesia in 2007. Miyazaki-Bali/2007, a strain of the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus, was isolated from the patient's throat swab using Vero cells, in which syncytium formation was observed. This is the sixth report describing a patient with respiratory tract infection caused by an orthoreovirus classified to the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus. Given the possibility that all of the patients were infected in Malaysia and Indonesia, prospective surveillance on orthoreovirus infections should be carried out in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, contact surveillance study suggests that the risk of human-to-human infection of the species of Nelson Bay orthoreovirus would seem to be low.

Matched MeSH terms: Reoviridae Infections/transmission; Respiratory Tract Infections/transmission

Inhumane death?

Kestel A

Science, 1999 May 7;284(5416):913.

PMID: 10357670

Matched MeSH terms: Swine Diseases/transmission; Paramyxoviridae Infections/transmission

Fulltext Breast feeding and HIV infection

Cutting WA

BMJ, 1992 Oct 03;305(6857):788-9.

PMID: 1422355

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Seropositivity/transmission; HIV Infections/transmission*

Fulltext Prevalence of soil transmitted helminths in school children in the Federal Territory of Malaysia

George J, Ow Yang CK

Med J Malaysia, 1982 Mar;37(1):35-9.

PMID: 7121344

A study conducted in. all the government schools in Wilayah to find the prevalence rate of worm infection in. urban schools revealed that 50 percent of the 7,682 school children. examined suffered from helminthiasis. More than 50 percent had mixed infections, worm infection was more prevalent among Malays and Indians. Both males and females had an equal prevalence of worm infection. Schools near the squatter areas had high infection rates. This was attributed to poverty, cultural factors, and environmental sanitation in the squatter areas.

Matched MeSH terms: Helminthiasis/transmission; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/transmission

Fulltext Effects of temperature, humidity, air quality and anthropic activities on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a systematic review protocol

Jeevananthan C, Muhamad NA, Jaafar MH, Hod R, Ab Ghani RM, Md Isa Z, et al.

BMJ Open, 2020 11 04;10(11):e039623.

PMID: 33148753 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039623

INTRODUCTION: The current global pandemic of the virus that emerged from Hubei province in China has caused coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), which has affected a total number of 900 036 people globally, involving 206 countries and resulted in a cumulative of 45 693 deaths worldwide as of 3 April 2020. The mode of transmission is identified through airdrops from patients' body fluids such as during sneezing, coughing and talking. However, the relative importance of environmental effects in the transmission of the virus has not been vastly studied. In addition, the role of temperature and humidity in air-borne transmission of infection is presently still unclear. This study aims to identify the effect of temperature, humidity and air quality in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will systematically conduct a comprehensive literature search using various databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CENTRAL and Google Scholar to identify potential studies. The search will be performed for any eligible articles from the earliest published articles up to latest available studies in 2020. We will include all the observational studies such as cohort case-control and cross-sectional studies that explains or measures the effects of temperature and/or humidity and/or air quality and/or anthropic activities that is associated with SARS-CoV-2. Study selection and reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline. All data will be extracted using a standardised data extraction form and quality of the studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale guideline. Descriptive and meta-analysis will be performed using a random effect model in Review Manager File.

ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No primary data will be collected, and thus no formal ethical approval is required. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and conference presentation.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020176756.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Viral/transmission*; Coronavirus Infections/transmission*

Zoonotic diseases from birds to humans in Vietnam: possible diseases and their associated risk factors

Nga VT, Ngoc TU, Minh LB, Ngoc VTN, Pham VH, Nghia LL, et al.

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 2019 Jun;38(6):1047-1058.

PMID: 30806904 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03505-2

In recent decades, exceeding 60% of infectious cases in human beings are originated from pathogenic agents related to feral or companion animals. This figure continues to swiftly increase due to excessive exposure between human and contaminated hosts by means of applying unhygienic farming practices throughout society. In Asia countries-renowned for lax regulation towards animal-trading markets-have experienced tremendous outbreaks of zoonotic diseases every year. Meanwhile, various epidemic surges were first reported in the residential area of China-one of the largest distributor of all animal products on the planet. Some noticeable illnesses comprising of A/H5N1 or H7N9-known as avian influenza which transmitted from poultry and also wild birds-have caused inevitable disquiet among inhabitants. Indeed, poultry farming industry in China has witnessed dynamic evolution for the past two decades, both in quantity and degree of output per individual. Together with this pervasive expansion, zoonotic diseases from poultry have incessantly emerged as a latent threat to the surrounding residents in entire Asia and also European countries. Without strict exporting legislation, Vietnam is now facing the serious problem in terms of poultry distribution between the two countries' border. Even though several disease investigations have been conducted by many researchers, the disease epidemiology or transmission methods among people remained blurred and need to be further elucidated. In this paper, our aim is to provide a laconic review of common zoonotic diseases spread in Vietnam, outstanding cases and several factors predisposing to this alarming situation.

Matched MeSH terms: Bird Diseases/transmission*; Zoonoses/transmission*

Fulltext Toxoplasmosis with special reference to peninsular Malaysia and Singapore

Thomas V

Malays J Pathol, 1979 Aug;2:23-31.

PMID: 263419

Matched MeSH terms: Toxoplasmosis/transmission*; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/transmission*

Feline sporotrichosis: an increasingly important zoonotic disease in Malaysia

Zamri-Saad M, Salmiyah TS, Jasni S, Cheng BY, Basri K

Vet Rec, 1990 Nov 10;127(19):480.

PMID: 2270639

Matched MeSH terms: Sporotrichosis/transmission*; Zoonoses/transmission*

Rabies in Malaysia

Tan YS

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1988 Dec;19(4):535-6.

PMID: 3238465

Matched MeSH terms: Dog Diseases/transmission; Rabies/transmission

Fulltext Defining the ecological and evolutionary drivers of Plasmodium knowlesi transmission within a multi-scale framework

Davidson G, Chua TH, Cook A, Speldewinde P, Weinstein P

Malar J, 2019 Mar 08;18(1):66.

PMID: 30849978 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2693-2

Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic malaria parasite normally residing in long-tailed and pig-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina, respectively) found throughout Southeast Asia. Recently, knowlesi malaria has become the predominant malaria affecting humans in Malaysian Borneo, being responsible for approximately 70% of reported cases. Largely as a result of anthropogenic land use changes in Borneo, vectors which transmit the parasite, along with macaque hosts, are both now frequently found in disturbed forest habitats, or at the forest fringes, thus having more frequent contact with humans. Having access to human hosts provides the parasite with the opportunity to further its adaption to the human immune system. The ecological drivers of the transmission and spread of P. knowlesi are operating over many different spatial (and, therefore, temporal) scales, from the molecular to the continental. Strategies to prevent and manage zoonoses, such as P. knowlesi malaria require interdisciplinary research exploring the impact of land use change and biodiversity loss on the evolving relationship between parasite, reservoir hosts, vectors, and humans over multiple spatial scales.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/transmission*; Zoonoses/transmission*; Primate Diseases/transmission*; Disease Transmission, Infectious*

Fulltext Dynamic spatiotemporal trends of dengue transmission in the Asia-Pacific region, 1955-2004

Banu S, Hu W, Guo Y, Naish S, Tong S

PLoS One, 2014;9(2):e89440.

PMID: 24586780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089440

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever (DF) is one of the most important emerging arboviral human diseases. Globally, DF incidence has increased by 30-fold over the last fifty years, and the geographic range of the virus and its vectors has expanded. The disease is now endemic in more than 120 countries in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. This study examines the spatiotemporal trends of DF transmission in the Asia-Pacific region over a 50-year period, and identified the disease's cluster areas.

METHODOLOGY AND FINDINGS: The World Health Organization's DengueNet provided the annual number of DF cases in 16 countries in the Asia-Pacific region for the period 1955 to 2004. This fifty-year dataset was divided into five ten-year periods as the basis for the investigation of DF transmission trends. Space-time cluster analyses were conducted using scan statistics to detect the disease clusters. This study shows an increasing trend in the spatiotemporal distribution of DF in the Asia-Pacific region over the study period. Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Singapore and Malaysia are identified as the most likely clusters (relative risk = 13.02) of DF transmission in this region in the period studied (1995 to 2004). The study also indicates that, for the most part, DF transmission has expanded southwards in the region.

CONCLUSIONS: This information will lead to the improvement of DF prevention and control strategies in the Asia-Pacific region by prioritizing control efforts and directing them where they are most needed.

Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/transmission*

Fulltext HIV transmission through breast milk: the science behind the understanding of current trends and future research

Prameela KK

Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):644-51.

PMID: 23770969 MyJurnal

Breastmilk protects the infant from many diseases and many short- term and long- term benefits accrue. At the same time it is also known that breastfeeding acts as a vehicle for some infective agents. It is now accepted that breastmilk transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus- 1 (HIV-1) is an important mode of paediatric infection . Despite this fact, many researchers have observed that corresponding to the volume of milk consumed by the infant, maternal transmission via breastmilk is still comparatively low. Some have noted the long latency period of breastmilk HIV transmission with evidence of numerous anti-HIV factors in breastmilk. Although there are accepted standard guidelines on infant feeding in mothers who are HIV positive in many countries, it maybe equally important to realize gaps in our knowledge of mother- to -child HIV transmission. From an evolutionary perspective, the role of the mammary epithelial cell (MEC) and of breastmilk , in contributing to and possibly in influencing HIV-1 transmission is intriguing. The presence of HIV-1 or of other viruses in maternal milk seem to be a requisite to spur immunological defenses to optimize necessary protection to the infant. This article reviews some aspects of the science of HIV transmission through breastmilk and reflects the concept -based understanding of current policies on HIV and breastfeeding. At the same time, it highlights uncertainties in this field and the urgency for future research in this direction. Accepting current notions of breastmilk HIV transmission, greater deliberation by research may throw more light on why breastfeeding with its abundant advantages is fraught with the hazards of transmission of a deadly disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical*

"Mixing" as an ethnoetiology of HIV/AIDS in Malaysia's multinational factories

Root R

Med Anthropol Q, 2006 Sep;20(3):321-44.

PMID: 16937620

Minah Karan, the stigmatizing label appended to Malay factory women in the 1980s, signaled a dangerous female sexuality that risked spreading beyond the factory gates and infecting Malaysia's idea(l)s of its traditional kampung culture. This article narrates how Minah Karan, as the former antihero of development, was reconstituted in the 1990s, with the government's labeling of factories as "high-risk settings" for HIV/AIDS. This is an ethnoetiology based not on any evidential epidemiological data but on the racial and gendered "mixing" that transpires behind factory walls: a fear that the "mixing of the sexes" means ipso facto "sexual mixing" among the races. The article demonstrates how importation of the high-risk label articulates at the local level the new and contested linkages, economic, religious, and scientific, constitutive of globalization. The pragmatic nature and imperatives of this high-risk process are discerned in factory women's accounts of how they negotiate the interactional imperatives of factory work, because transnational structures of productivity violate the social boundaries that have long connoted political stability, moral integrity, ethnic community, and individual safety. The article concludes by questioning whether ethnoetiologies, especially when they concern sexual networks, become social etiologies, because this would locate ethnoetiologies as central to conventional public health praxis rather than as ethnographic exotica in the margins.

Matched MeSH terms: HIV Infections/transmission

The application of one health approaches to henipavirus research

Hayman DT, Gurley ES, Pulliam JR, Field HE

Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol., 2013;365:155-70.

PMID: 23160861 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_276

Henipaviruses cause fatal infection in humans and domestic animals. Transmission from fruit bats, the wildlife reservoirs of henipaviruses, is putatively driven (at least in part) by anthropogenic changes that alter host ecology. Human and domestic animal fatalities occur regularly in Asia and Australia, but recent findings suggest henipaviruses are present in bats across the Old World tropics. We review the application of the One Health approach to henipavirus research in three locations: Australia, Malaysia and Bangladesh. We propose that by recognising and addressing the complex interaction among human, domestic animal and wildlife systems, research within the One Health paradigm will be more successful in mitigating future human and domestic animal deaths from henipavirus infection than alternative single-discipline approaches.

Matched MeSH terms: Henipavirus Infections/transmission

Problems and solutions in vector control

Tham AS

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):13-9.

PMID: 8277783

Matched MeSH terms: Dengue/transmission*

Fulltext Perspectives in medicine: malaria

Sandosham AA

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):5-20.

PMID: 6334800

Matched MeSH terms: Malaria/transmission

Anopheles (Cellia) balabacensis Baisas is a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti in Sabah, Malaysia