Displaying publications 21 - 35 of 35 in total

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  1. Razak M, Mahmud MM, Hyzan MY, Omar A
    Med J Malaysia, 2000 Sep;55 Suppl C:9-13.
    PMID: 11200050
    From January 1994 to January 1998, 26 patients of unstable thoracolumbar burst fracture were treated by a short segment posterior instrumentation (pedicular screw plate/rod system), reduction and fusion in Kuala Lumpur and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Hospital. Majority of them were young and in a productive age group (mean age were 30 year-old). The mean duration of follow-up was 24.4 months. The injuries were caused by fall from height (69%) and motor vehicle accident (31%). Most of the fracture occurred at 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae (24/26). Twelve of the patients did not have neurological deficits. Out of 14 patients with neurological deficits, 64.4% of them showed an improvement of at least one Frankel's grade. There was no defect correlation between canal compromise and neurological deficit. Kyphotic angle improved from 20 degrees to 7 degrees immediately after surgery. In the last follow-up average kyphotic angle was 9 degrees with average lost of 2 degrees. The average length of hospitalization following surgery was 24 days. A posterolateral bony fusion was achieved in all cases at an average of 3 months. Complication included 2 loosening and 3 misplacement of pedicle screw fixation. We concluded that short-segment fixation with posterolateral decompression and fusion is effective in the treatment of unstable thoracolumbar burst fracture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/surgery*
  2. Ong T, Bin Syed Ali SA, Sahota O
    Curr Rheumatol Rev, 2021;17(1):109-112.
    PMID: 32867654 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116999200820170559
    INTRODUCTION: There is a lack of robust data on hospitalised acute vertebral fragility fractures. This analysis aimed to report on the number of hospitalised vertebral fragility fractures treated in a large UK teaching hospital. This information would support better design of hospital services and resource allocation to manage this group of patients.

    METHODS: Patients aged 50 years and over hospitalised with a vertebral fragility fracture from 1/2/2016 to 31/1/2017 were identified from radiology and hospital records. Patients sustaining vertebral fractures due to either major trauma or malignancy were excluded. Data was collected on patient demographics, fracture details, hospitalisation details and health outcomes.

    RESULTS: 208 patients with acute vertebral fragility fractures were hospitalised over a 12 month period. The mean (SD) age was 80.5 (11) years, of which 68% were female. 94% presented to the Emergency Department (ED) as their first point of contact, of which 70% were subsequently hospitalised. Two-thirds presented with a single level vertebral fracture predominantly around the thoracolumbar region. The majority (87%) were non-operatively managed by general physicians, of which most were under Geriatric Medicine. The median length of stay was 12 (IQR 6-20) days and inpatient mortality was 3%. 52% of patients went on to have a bone health assessment.

    CONCLUSION: We have reported on the number of patients presenting to hospital with an acute vertebral fragility fracture over 12 months. This helps identify resources needed to design hospital services to manage them adequately.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/epidemiology*
  3. Lai EL, Huang WN, Chen HH, Chen JP, Chen DY, Hsieh TY, et al.
    Arch Osteoporos, 2020 03 27;15(1):54.
    PMID: 32221755 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00726-3
    PURPOSE: Recently, trabecular bone score (TBS) has emerged as an important supplementary assessment tool in osteoporosis diagnosis and management. The high incidence of fragility fracture within the non-osteoporotic range of bone mineral density (BMD), among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, highlights the crucial role of bone microarchitecture in osteoporosis. This study aimed to evaluate whether TBS identified existing vertebral fractures (VF) more accurately than BMD in SLE patients.

    METHODS: This study enrolled 147 SLE patients from the Asia Pacific Lupus Collaboration (APLC) cohort, who had BMD and TBS assessed from January 2018 until December 2018. Twenty-eight patients sustaining VF and risk factors associated with increased fracture occurrence were evaluated. Independent risk factors and diagnostic accuracy of VF were analyzed by logistic regression and ROC curve, respectively.

    RESULT: The prevalence of vertebral fracture among SLE patients was 19%. BMD, T-score, TBS, and TBS T-score were significantly lower in the vertebral fracture group. TBS exhibited higher positive predictive value and negative predictive value than L spine and left femur BMD for vertebral fractures. Moreover, TBS had a higher diagnostic accuracy than densitometric measurements (area under curve, 0.811 vs. 0.737 and 0.605).

    CONCLUSION: Degraded microarchitecture by TBS was associated with prevalent vertebral fractures in SLE patients. Our result suggests that TBS can be a complementary tool for assessing vertebral fracture prevalence in this population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/etiology; Spinal Fractures/epidemiology
  4. Chiu CK, Lisitha KA, Elias DM, Yong VW, Chan CYW, Kwan MK
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2018 10 26;26(3):2309499018806700.
    PMID: 30352524 DOI: 10.1177/2309499018806700
    BACKGROUND: This prospective clinical-radiological study was conducted to determine whether the dynamic mobility stress radiographs can predict the postoperative vertebral height restoration, kyphosis correction, and cement volume injected after vertebroplasty.

    METHODS: Patients included had the diagnosis of significant back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture secondary to trivial injury. All the patients underwent routine preoperative sitting lateral spine radiograph, supine stress lateral spine radiograph, and supine anteroposterior spine radiograph. The radiological parameters recorded were anterior vertebral height (AVH), middle vertebral height (MVH), posterior vertebral height (PVH), MVH level below, wedge endplate angle (WEPA), and regional kyphotic angle (RKA). The supine stress versus sitting difference (SSD) for all the above parameters were calculated.

    RESULTS: A total of 28 patients (4 males; 24 females) with the mean age of 75.6 ± 7.7 years were recruited into this study. The mean cement volume injected was 5.5 ± 1.8 ml. There was no difference between supine stress and postoperative radiographs for AVH ( p = 0.507), PVH ( p = 0.913) and WEPA ( p = 0.379). The MVH ( p = 0.026) and RKA ( p = 0.005) were significantly less in the supine stress radiographs compared to postoperative radiographs. There was significant correlation ( p < 0.05) between supine stress and postoperative AVH, MVH, PVH, WEPA, and RKA. The SSD for AVH, PVH, WEPA, and RKA did not have significant correlation with the cement volume ( p > 0.05). Only the SSD-MVH had significant correlation with cement volume, but the correlation was weak ( r = 0.39, p = 0.04).

    CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic mobility stress radiographs can predict the postoperative vertebral height restoration and kyphosis correction after vertebroplasty for thoracolumbar osteoporotic fracture with intravertebral clefts. However, it did not reliably predict the amount of cement volume injected as it was affected by other factors.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/diagnosis*; Spinal Fractures/surgery
  5. Ong T, Sahota O, Gladman JRF
    Age Ageing, 2020 Oct 17.
    PMID: 33068103 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afaa225
    INTRODUCTION: Acute vertebral fragility fracture requiring hospital admission is common, painful and disabling. No comprehensive clinical guideline for their care exists. To support the development of such a guideline, we sought the views of experts in the field.

    METHODS: A modified Delphi study was used. A total of 70 statements were presented, using an online platform, over three consensus-seeking rounds, to participants with experience in the hospital care of patients with acute vertebral fragility fractures from UK-based specialist societies. Participants rated the level of their agreement with each statement on a 5-point Likert scale. Consensus was defined at 70% of respondents choosing either agree/strongly agree or disagree/strong disagree. Over the first two rounds, statements not reaching consensus were modified in subsequent rounds, and new statements proposed by participants and agreed by the research team could be added.

    RESULTS: There were 71 participants in the first round, 37 in the second round and 28 (most of whom were geriatricians) in the third round. Consensus was reached in 52 statements covering fracture diagnosis, second-line imaging, organisation of hospital care, pain management and falls and bone health assessment. Consensus was not achieved for whether vertebral fragility fractures should be managed in a specific clinical area.

    DISCUSSION: These findings provide the basis for the development of clinical guidelines and quality improvement initiatives. They also help to justify research into the merits of managing acute vertebral fragility fracture patients in a specific clinical area.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures
  6. Komang-Agung IS, Hydravianto L, Sindrawati O, William PS
    Malays Orthop J, 2018 Nov;12(3):6-13.
    PMID: 30555640 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1811.002
    Introduction: Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) is one of the available treatments for vertebral compression fracture (VCF). Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is the most common bone substitute used in the procedure, but it has several disadvantages. Bioceramic material, such as hydroxyapatite (HA), has better biological activity compared to PMMA. The aim of this study was to find an optimal biomaterial compound which offers the best mechanical and biological properties to be used in PV. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study with goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) as an animal model. The animals' vertebral columns were injected with PMMA-HA compound. Animal samples were divided into four groups, and each group received a different proportion of PMMA:HA compound. The mechanical and biological effects of the compound on the bone were then analysed. The mechanical effect was assessed by measuring the vertebral body's compressive strength. Meanwhile, the biological effect was assessed by analysing the callus formation in the vertebral body. Results: The optimal callus formation and compressive strength was observed in the group receiving PMMA:HA with a 1:2 ratio. Conclusion: A mixture of PMMA and HA increases the quality of callus formation and the material's compressive strength. The optimum ratio of PMMA:HA in the compound is 1:2.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures
  7. Hardcastle SA, Yahya F, Bhalla AK
    Osteoporos Int, 2019 May;30(5):939-948.
    PMID: 30671611 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04842-w
    Mini Abstract: Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare syndrome affecting women during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. We set out to review the clinical features of ten cases of PAO from a single UK centre. Patients had attended the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Bath (RNHRD) between January 2000 and June 2016. The principal criterion for inclusion was the occurrence of low trauma fractures either during pregnancy or the immediate post-partum period. Data were obtained from retrospective review of medical notes. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic ®Discovery system) at the lumbar spine and hip. Data pertaining to the pregnancy, as well as type and duration of treatment received, were reviewed. All ten cases presented with vertebral fractures. In four patients, no risk factors for fracture other than pregnancy or breastfeeding could be identified. Four patients were found to have vitamin D insufficiency at the time of diagnosis, and a further two patients had received treatment with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). In one case, further investigation led to a diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) confirmed on genetic testing. In terms of treatment, eight out of the ten patients in this series received a bisphosphonate, most commonly risedronate due to its relatively short skeletal retention time. Clinicians should be aware of PAO, a rare but recognised complication of pregnancy. The condition should be especially considered in women presenting with new onset back pain in pregnancy or the postpartum period.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/complications; Spinal Fractures/drug therapy; Spinal Fractures/physiopathology
  8. Razak KAA, Ghani KHA, Musa AA
    Injury, 2021 Jan;52(1):90-94.
    PMID: 33168201 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2020.11.004
    BACKGROUND: Acetabular fractures in childhood are rare and the literature is scarce to describe a standard protocol in surgical management of these injuries. As the patient is still growing, it warrants a detailed assessment with a sound surgical plan if operative intervention is deemed necessary to prevent late complications. Throughout literature, most fixation rely on using pins, screws, plates or combination of the three which require large surgical exposure and risk of secondary physeal injury, hence we come up with a method of using the Titanium Elastic Nail System (TENS) to overcome this issue. We describe a novel technique in managing acetabular fractures in this group of patients using the TENS.

    METHOD: An 8 year old girl with a diagnosis of right anterior column posterior hemitransverse acetabular fracture was fixed with 3 TENS for supra-acetabular, anterior column and posterior column fragments. Surgery was performed in a minimally invasive manner. No drilling was performed during the surgery and implant insertion is done manually.

    RESULTS: Advantages of this procedure include minimally invasive surgery with smaller wounds, minimal intraoperative bleeding and theoretically reduces the risk of premature fusion of the triradiate cartilage. Patient is allowed early rehabilitation with this method.

    CONCLUSION: This novel method provides an alternative to traditional usage of wires, pins, plates and screws as is described in most literature. However, it requires the surgeon to appreciate that the safe corridors for the implant are much narrower than adults. We recommend this technique for fractures that are deemed suitable for intramedullary fixation and further research in the future will be needed.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures
  9. Looi, Collin Seng-Kim
    MyJurnal
    Background: To assess the effect of cement vertebroplasty on the activity of daily living of elderly patients who have sustained a vertebral osteoporotic fracture.
    Patients and Methods: Seven patients with clinically significant and radiologically proven osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures suitable to be treated with percutaneous cement vertebroplasty were recruited. Evaluation was based on pre- and postprocedure activity by clinical documentation (including interview) and by a self-developed questionnaire (including quality of life).
    Results: Following the procedure, 54% of patients resumed their activities of daily living with minimal pain while 46% of patients were able to do so without any pain (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures
  10. Wong AS, Yu DH
    Asian J Neurosurg, 2015 3 15;10(1):53.
    PMID: 25767586 DOI: 10.4103/1793-5482.151519
    Full recovery from tetraplegia is uncommon in cervical spine injury. This has not being reported for cervical spine fracture in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis causing spinal epidural hematoma. We report on a case of cervical spine fracture in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis who came with tetraplegia. He underwent a two stage fixation and fusion. He had a complete recovery. Two hours after the operation he regained full strength in all the limbs while in the Intensive Care Unit. He went back to full employment. There are only two other reports in the literature where patients with ankylosing spondylitis and extradural hematoma who underwent treatment within 12 h and recovered completely from tetraparesis and paraplegia respectively. Patient with ankylosing spondylitis has a higher incidence of spinal fracture and extradural hematoma. Good outcome can be achieved by early diagnosis and treatment. This can ensure not only a stable spine, but also a rapid and complete recovery in a tetraplegic patient.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures
  11. Yusof MI, Yusof AH, Abdullah MS, Hussin TM
    J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong), 2007 Apr;15(1):67-72.
    PMID: 17429121
    To measure the diameter of the odontoid process in a Malaysian population using computed tomographic (CT) scan and determine the feasibility of treating type-II odontoid fractures using 2 cortical screws.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/surgery*
  12. Kwan MK, Chiu CK, Lee CK, Chan CY
    Bone Joint J, 2015 Nov;97-B(11):1555-61.
    PMID: 26530660 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.97B11.35789
    Percutaneous placement of pedicle screws is a well-established technique, however, no studies have compared percutaneous and open placement of screws in the thoracic spine. The aim of this cadaveric study was to compare the accuracy and safety of these techniques at the thoracic spinal level. A total of 288 screws were inserted in 16 (eight cadavers, 144 screws in percutaneous and eight cadavers, 144 screws in open). Pedicle perforations and fractures were documented subsequent to wide laminectomy followed by skeletalisation of the vertebrae. The perforations were classified as grade 0: no perforation, grade 1: < 2 mm perforation, grade 2: 2 mm to 4 mm perforation and grade 3: > 4 mm perforation. In the percutaneous group, the perforation rate was 11.1% with 15 (10.4%) grade 1 and one (0.7%) grade 2 perforations. In the open group, the perforation rate was 8.3% (12 screws) and all were grade 1. This difference was not significant (p = 0.45). There were 19 (13.2%) pedicle fractures in the percutaneous group and 21 (14.6%) in the open group (p = 0.73). In summary, the safety of percutaneous fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement in the thoracic spine between T4 and T12 is similar to that of the conventional open technique.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/etiology
  13. Alizadeh M, Kadir MR, Fadhli MM, Fallahiarezoodar A, Azmi B, Murali MR, et al.
    J Orthop Res, 2013 Sep;31(9):1447-54.
    PMID: 23640802 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22376
    Posterior instrumentation is a common fixation method used to treat thoracolumbar burst fractures. However, the role of different cross-link configurations in improving fixation stability in these fractures has not been established. A 3D finite element model of T11-L3 was used to investigate the biomechanical behavior of short (2 level) and long (4 level) segmental spine pedicle screw fixation with various cross-links to treat a hypothetical L1 vertebra burst fracture. Three types of cross-link configurations with an applied moment of 7.5 Nm and 200 N axial force were evaluated. The long construct was stiffer than the short construct irrespective of whether the cross-links were used (p < 0.05). The short constructs showed no significant differences between the cross-link configurations. The XL cross-link provided the highest stiffness and was 14.9% stiffer than the one without a cross-link. The long construct resulted in reduced stress to the adjacent vertebral bodies and screw necks, with 66.7% reduction in bending stress on L2 when the XL cross-link was used. Thus, the stability for L1 burst fracture fixation was best achieved by using long segmental posterior instrumentation constructs and an XL cross-link configuration. Cross-links did not improved stability when a short structure was used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/surgery*
  14. Chan CY, Kwan MK, Saw LB
    Eur Spine J, 2010 Jan;19(1):78-84.
    PMID: 19763636 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-009-1157-8
    The objective of this cadaveric study is to determine the safety and outcome of thoracic pedicle screw placement in Asians using the funnel technique. Pedicle screws have superior biomechanical as well as clinical data when compared to other methods of instrumentation. However, misplacement in the thoracic spine can result in major neurological implications. There is great variability of the thoracic pedicle morphometry between the Western and the Asian population. The feasibility of thoracic pedicle screw insertion in Asians has not been fully elucidated yet. A pre-insertion radiograph was performed and surgeons were blinded to the morphometry of the thoracic pedicles. 240 pedicle screws were inserted in ten Asian cadavers from T1 to T12 using the funnel technique. 5.0 mm screws were used from T1 to T6 while 6.0 mm screws were used from T7 to T12. Perforations were detected by direct visualization via a wide laminectomy. The narrowest pedicles are found between T3 and T6. T5 pedicle width is smallest measuring 4.1 +/- 1.3 mm. There were 24 (10.0%) Grade 1 perforations and only 1 (0.4%) Grade 2 perforation. Grade 2 or worse perforation is considered significant perforation which would threaten the neural structures. There were twice as many lateral and inferior perforations compared to medial perforations. 48.0% of the perforations occurred at T1, T2 and T3 pedicles. Pedicle fracture occurred in 10.4% of pedicles. Intra-operatively, the absence of funnel was found in 24.5% of pedicles. In conclusion, thoracic pedicle screws using 5.0 mm at T1-T6 and 6.0 mm at T7-T12 can be inserted safely in Asian cadavers using the funnel technique despite having smaller thoracic pedicle morphometry.
    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures/etiology; Spinal Fractures/physiopathology; Spinal Fractures/prevention & control
  15. Chung WH, Ng WL, Chiu CK, Chan C, Kwan MK
    Malays Orthop J, 2020 Nov;14(3):22-31.
    PMID: 33403059 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.005
    Introduction: This was a retrospective study aimed to investigate the perioperative outcomes of long construct minimally invasive spinal stabilisation (MISt) using percutaneous pedicle screws (PPS) versus conventional open spinal surgery in the treatment of spinal fracture in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH).

    Material and Methods: Twenty-one patients with AS and DISH who were surgically treated between 2009 and 2017 were recruited. Outcomes of interest included operative time, intra-operative blood loss, complications, duration of hospital stay and fracture union rate.

    Results: Mean age was 69.2 ± 9.9 years. Seven patients had AS and 14 patients had DISH. 17 patients sustained AO type B3 fracture and 4 patients had type B1 fracture. Spinal trauma among these patients mostly involved thoracic spine (61.9%), followed by lumbar (28.6%) and cervical spine (9.5%). MISt using PPS was performed in 14 patients (66.7%) whereas open surgery in 7 patients (33.3%). Mean number of instrumentation level was 7.9 ± 1.6. Mean operative time in MISt and open group was 179.3 ± 42.3 minutes and 253.6 ± 98.7 minutes, respectively (p=0.028). Mean intra-operative blood loss in MISt and open group was 185.7 ± 86.4ml and 885.7 ± 338.8ml, respectively (p<0.001). Complications and union rate were comparable between both groups.

    Conclusion: MISt using PPS lowers the operative time and reduces intra-operative blood loss in vertebral fractures in ankylosed disorders. However, it does not reduce the perioperative complication rate due to the premorbid status of the patients. There was no significant difference in the union rate between MISt and open surgery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Spinal Fractures
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