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Fulltext Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among tea plantation workers in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia

Abdul Hadi H

Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(1):1-10.
MyJurnal

A cross sectional study was conducted among tea plantation workers in Cameron Highlands from July to December 2006 to study the prevalence of low back pain and factors associated with it. One hundred and six tea plantation field workers participated in the study. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. Time motion studies were also conducted for 3 different job categories. The prevalence of back pain experienced throughout their work in the plantation was 81.1% and the prevalence of low
back pain experienced in the past 12 months was 64.2%. Feeling the need to work as fast as possible was a significant predictor of low back pain and increased the risk by 3.5 times, therefore it is suggested that both the management and workers give serious attention to this particular aspect to reduce the incidence of low back pain.

Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain*
Fulltext Prevalence of low-back pain among public ambulance workers in Kelantan, Malaysia

Tuan Lonik EA, Tuan Kamauzaman TH, Abdullah AA, Nor J, Ab Hamid SA

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2017;17(1):126-135.
MyJurnal

This study is to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of low-back pain (LBP), which has multifactorial causes, among ambulance workers in Kelantan, Malaysia. The cross-sectional study involved ambulance workers in the emergency department in all government hospitals in Kelantan. Those who did not consent, complete or return the questionnaire as well as having rheumatic diseases were excluded from the study. The participants were asked to answer a self-administered questionnaire in English. Descriptive analyses and Chi-square test were used. A total of 168 respondents had completed the questionnaires with a response rate of 85.0%. Questionnaires with more than 95.0% items completed were included in the analysis (n=143). The respondents had a higher proportion of male than female (63.6% versus 36.4%). Assistant Medical Officer comprised of 60.0% of all respondents and the rest were nurses. The respondents’ age ranged between 23 to 58 years old with a mean age of 38.27 and standard deviation (SD) of 7.27. The mean duration of involvement in ambulance service was 9.68 years (SD 6.97). The majority (98.5%) of the respondents were Malay. Gender, smoking status and hobbies were the associated factors of LBP among ambulance workers. The modifiable risk factors should be emphasized to the ambulance workers as a measure to prevent the development of LBP.

Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain*
Fulltext School bag load and its effect on erector spinae muscle and low back pain among primary school children in Malaysia

Tamrin SBM, Ai LP, Hamzah R, Abdullah MY, Hanafi SS

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2005;1(1):21-31.

Objective: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine and evaluate the effects of schoolbag load on electromyography (EMG) activity of the erector spinae muscle.
Methods: Eighty-four primary schoolchildren were selected from two national medium primary schools in Seri Kembangan, 42 from Primary Two (P2) and 42 from Primary Five (PS), aged 8 and 11 respectively. Data were collected through interviews, anthropometries measurements, the weight of schoolbag load and surface electromyography (SEMG) of the erector spinae using Muscle Tester ME3000f'®. SurfaceAg-AgCl electrodes were used to measure: unloaded standing and walking, and loaded standing and walking.
Results: The study revealed that the erector spinae was found to be more efficient in loaded standing probably due to other trunk muscle co-activity compared to unloaded standing (p<0.05). However, the erector spinae was less efficient when loads were carried on the back while walking, compared to unloaded walking. When the schoolbag was carried over both shoulders, forces generated by the erector spinae were reduced and resulted in a more efficient use of the erector spinae compared to other asymmetrical carrying methods (p<0.05).
Conclusions: Bending slightly forward when carrying schoolbag was found to reduce the forces generated by the erector spinae compared to normal sagittal posture (p<0.05), however no significant difference was found between the different frontal postures. A significant inverse relationship (p<0.01) between the weight of schoolbag load and the average electromyography (AEMG), showed that the signifieance of the erector spinae muscle was reduced when a heavier schoolbag load was carried, owing to other trunk muscles co-activity. The study also revealed that apart from age of schoolchildren, family history of back pain, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), weight of the schoolbag and method of carrying schoolbag also play important role as risk factors for back pain.
Keywords: Electromyography, schoolbag, primary school, back pain

Matched MeSH terms: Back Pain; Low Back Pain
Fulltext Personal and psychosocial risk factor for low back pain among automotive manual handling workers in Selangor, Malaysia

Noor Sazarina Mad Isa @ Yahya, Baba Md Deros, Ahmad Rasdan Ismail, Mazrura Sahani

Int J Public Health Res, 2014;4(1):412-418.
MyJurnal

Introduction It is well known that low back pain among working population is a global
problem throughout the world. However, the current situation of occupational
low back pain in Malaysia is still vague due to limited number of studies
conducted locally.

Objective A cross sectional study was conducted among three automotive industry
workers in Selangor, Malaysia from October 2010 to April 2011.
Methods This study aims to determine the prevalence and risk factors of low back pain
among automotive industry workers performing manual material handling
tasks using self-administered questionnaire survey.

Results A modified Standardised Nordic Questionnaire was used to assess low back
pain problem, to obtain personal and psychosocial risk factors information.
The prevalence of low back pain showed increment in the point prevalence of
57.9%, 49.5%, and 35.1 % for 12 months, one month, and of 7 days
respectively. Working hour, frequency of overtime, stress at work, work
pace, and faster movement were found to be significantly associated with the
12 months prevalence for low back pain.

Conclusions This finding indicates that psychosocial risk factors are associated to the
occurrence of low back pain.

Matched MeSH terms: Back; Low Back Pain
Biomechanical factors associated with non-specific low back pain in adults: A systematic review

Abd Rahman NA, Li S, Schmid S, Shaharudin S

Phys Ther Sport, 2023 Jan;59:60-72.
PMID: 36516512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.11.011

Low back pain (LBP) can result in increased direct medical and non-medical costs to patients, employers, and health care providers. This systematic review aimed to provide a better understanding of the biomechanical factors associated with chronic non-specific LBP in adults. SCOPUS, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched. In total, 26 studies were included and significant differences were noted between healthy controls and LBP patients in various motion. Biomechanical factors among adults with non-specific LBP were altered and differed as compared to healthy controls in various motion might be to compensate the pain during those motions. This review highlighted the biomechanical differences across those with non-specific LBP and healthy adults. Both groups showed a similar level of pain during functional tasks but LBP patients suffered from a moderate level of disability. Future studies should not rely on questionnaire-based pain scale only. The biomechanical factors summarized in this review can be used to diagnose non-specific LBP accurately, and as modifiable targets for exercise-based intervention.

Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain*
Fulltext Biomechanics Analysis of the Firefighters' Thorax Movement on Personal Protective Equipment during Lifting Task Using Inertial Measurement Unit Motion Capture

Yunus MNH, Jaafar MH, Mohamed ASA, Azraai NZ, Amil N, Zein RM

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2022 Oct 31;19(21).
PMID: 36361112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114232

Back injury is a common musculoskeletal injury reported among firefighters (FFs) due to their nature of work and personal protective equipment (PPE). The nature of the work associated with heavy lifting tasks increases FFs' risk of back injury. This study aimed to assess the biomechanics movement of FFs on personal protective equipment during a lifting task. A set of questionnaires was used to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain experienced by FFs. Inertial measurement unit (IMU) motion capture was used in this study to record the body angle deviation and angular acceleration of FFs' thorax extension. The descriptive analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the FFs' age and body mass index with the FFs' thorax movement during the lifting task with PPE and without PPE. Sixty-three percent of FFs reported lower back pain during work, based on the musculoskeletal pain questionnaire. The biomechanics analysis of thorax angle deviation and angular acceleration has shown that using FFs PPE significantly causes restricted movement and limited mobility for the FFs. As regards human factors, the FFs' age influences the angle deviation while wearing PPE and FFs' BMI influences the angular acceleration without wearing PPE during the lifting activity.

Matched MeSH terms: Back Injuries*
Fulltext Simulation of passive exotendon assistive device for agricultural harvesting task

Chan YS, Teo YX, Gouwanda D, Nurzaman SG, Gopalai AA

Phys Eng Sci Med, 2023 Dec;46(4):1375-1386.
PMID: 37493930 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01305-9

This study proposes and investigates the feasibility of the passive assistive device to assist agricultural harvesting task and reduce the Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) risk of harvesters using computational musculoskeletal modelling and simulations. Several passive assistive devices comprised of elastic exotendon, which acts in parallel with different back muscles (rectus abdominis, longissimus, and iliocostalis), were designed and modelled. These passive assistive devices were integrated individually into the musculoskeletal model to provide passive support for the harvesting task. The muscle activation, muscle force, and joint moment were computed with biomechanical simulations for unassisted and assisted motions. The simulation results demonstrated that passive assistive devices reduced muscle activation, muscle force, and joint moment, particularly when the devices were attached to the iliocostalis and rectus abdominis. It was also discovered that assisting the longissimus muscle can alleviate the workload by distributing a portion of it to the rectus abdominis. The findings in this study support the feasibility of adopting passive assistive devices to reduce the MSD risk of the harvesters during agricultural harvesting. These findings can provide valuable insights to the engineers and designers of physical assistive devices on which muscle(s) to assist during agricultural harvesting.

Matched MeSH terms: Back Muscles*
The global prevalence of low back pain in pregnancy: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

Salari N, Mohammadi A, Hemmati M, Hasheminezhad R, Kani S, Shohaimi S, et al.

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023 Dec 02;23(1):830.
PMID: 38042815 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06151-x

BACKGROUND: Back pain during pregnancy is often considered as an unavoidable problem and can reduce the quality of life or disability of pregnant women. The aim of this study is to determine the global prevalence of back pain in pregnancy based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS: In this study, Researchers systematically searched electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar search engines for studies until September 2023. To analyze data, the random effects model was used, and the heterogeneity of the studies was checked with the I2 index. Data analysis was performed by software (Version 2 Comprehensive Meta-Analysis).
RESULTS: In the review of 28 studies with a sample size of 12,908 people, the I2 heterogeneity test showed high heterogeneity (I2: 98.4). Based on this, the random effects method was used to analyze the results. Therefore, the meta-analysis reported the global prevalence of back pain at 40.5 (95% CI: 33-48.4) during pregnancy. Also, according to the meta-analysis, the global prevalence of back pain in the first trimester of pregnancy is 28.3 (95%CI: 10.5-57.1), in the second trimester is 36.8 (95%CI: 30.4-43.7) and in the third trimester of pregnancy was reported as 47.8 (95% CI: 37.2-58.6).
CONCLUSION: In this meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of back pain in pregnant women was reported to be significant, so it is necessary for health policymakers to pay more attention to complications during pregnancy, in addition to increasing society's awareness of pregnant mothers, with timely diagnosis and treatment of such disorders, it can lead to improvement; and reduction in Complications caused by pregnancy and becoming more pleasant during pregnancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Back Pain/epidemiology
A new species of Amalothrips Ananthakhrishnan from Malaysia, with first description of male

Ng YF

Zootaxa, 2015;4032(2):246-50.
PMID: 26624359 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.2.13

Amalothrips noorazlani sp. n. is described from Malaysia based on both sexes, and a key is provided to the species of this genus. This is the first record of Amalothrips species outside India, and the first description of a male Amalothrips. The male has a pair of drepanae, the tergal posteromargin bears a toothed craspedum, but there are no sternal pore plates.

Matched MeSH terms: Back
Prevalence of piriformis syndrome in chronic low back pain patients. A clinical diagnosis with modified FAIR test

Kean Chen C, Nizar AJ

Pain Pract, 2013 Apr;13(4):276-81.
PMID: 22863240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00585.x

Piriformis syndrome is a collection of symptoms and signs of pain from piriformis muscle and is characterized by pain in buttock with variable involvement of sciatic nerve. This syndrome is often overlooked in clinical practice because its presentation has similarities with other spine pathologies. A major problem with the clinical diagnosis of piriformis syndrome is the lack of consistent objective findings and an absence of single test that is specific for piriformis syndrome. Therefore, a precise and reliable clinical method of diagnosing piriformis syndrome should be developed by clinicians.

Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain/complications*; Low Back Pain/diagnosis; Low Back Pain/epidemiology
The effectiveness of patient education in improving pain, disability and quality of life among older people with low back pain: A systematic review

Zahari Z, Ishak A, Justine M

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2020;33(2):245-254.
PMID: 31356191 DOI: 10.3233/BMR-181305

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to gain an overview of patient education and the effects of patient education for older people with low back pain (LBP).
METHODS: The search strategies were performed via EBSCO MEDLINE, EBSCO CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed, and PEDro databases from 2006 to 2016. The keywords "patient education", "low back pain", "elderly", "older adults", "older persons" and "older people" were used during the literature search. Boolean operators were used to expand or limit the searching scope and manual exclusion was performed to choose articles eligible for this study.
RESULTS: A total of 2799 articles were retrieved but only five articles were related with patient education for older people with LBP. Findings suggest that patient education for older people may differ in terms of its contents such as health education, self-management, video education, and postural education. The high methodological quality of the studies revealed that patient education showed improvement in terms of pain, disability and quality of life among older people with LBP.
CONCLUSIONS: Patient education improved pain and had positive effects on disability and quality of life among older people with LBP. However, due to the limited number of RCTs more studies are needed to provide evidence for its effectiveness.

Matched MeSH terms: Low Back Pain/diagnosis; Low Back Pain/psychology; Low Back Pain/therapy*
Fulltext Correlated transitions in TKE and mass distributions of fission fragments described by 4-D Langevin equation

Usang MD, Ivanyuk FA, Ishizuka C, Chiba S

Sci Rep, 2019 Feb 06;9(1):1525.
PMID: 30728435 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37993-7

We have decomposed to symmetric and asymmetric modes the mass-TKE fission fragment distributions calculated by 4-dimensional Langevin approach and observed how the dominant fission mode and symmetric mode change as functions of [Formula: see text] of the fissioning system in the actinides and trans-actinide region. As a result, we found that the symmetric mode makes a sudden transition from super-long to super short fission mode around 254Es. The dominant fission modes on the other hand, are persistently asymmetric except for 258Fm, 259Fm and 260Md when the dominant fission mode suddenly becomes symmetric although it returns to the asymmetric mode around 256No. These correlated "twin transitions" have been known empirically by Darleane Hoffman and her group back in 1989, but for the first time we have given a clear explanation in terms of a dynamical model of nuclear fission. More specifically, since we kept the shape model parameters unchanged over the entire mass region, we conclude that the correlated twin transition emerge naturally from the dynamics in 4-D potential energy surface.

Matched MeSH terms: Back
Fulltext A numerical study of ground improvement technique using group of soil-column on peat

Muntohar, A.S., Rahman, M.E., Hashim, R., Islam, M.S.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2013;21(2):625-634.
MyJurnal

The importance of numerical analysis in investigation of piled embankment over soft soil has been developed since 1990. Several investigators have extended the numerical analysis to model ground improvement using soil-column to support embankment or structures. This paper presents a numerical analysis of the Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA) column-treated peat and compared with field static-loading test results. Back analysis was performed to determine the material parameters and soil stiffness surrounding soil & soil-column. Two geometrical models were used in this analysis: (a) block (Model A), and (b) column group (Model B). This situation was analyzed using commercially available finite element package PLAXIS 2D ver. 8.2. It is found that both models are reliable to simulate the field static-loading test for column-treated peat. Model B shows a higher stability to failure if compared to Model A.

Matched MeSH terms: Back
Fulltext Morphological parameter study of polymer by using small angle X-ray scattering method

Hafizal Yazid, Sahrim Ahmad, Laggner, P., Aziz Mohamed, A., Dahlan, H.M., M. Rawi M. Z., et al.

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2012;2012(1):33-36.
MyJurnal

Thermoplastic natural rubber sample is found isotropic based on SAXS pattern. Morphological parameter was obtained based on ideal lamellar morphology using 1-D correlation function. The fitting was carried out using Porod tail model and Vonk for back-extrapolated model. It is found that the long period value is 15.7nm which is comparable to results obtained from Lorents corrected profile, 20nm. Crystalline thickness and amorphous thickness was found as 13.4 and 2.31nm respectively

Matched MeSH terms: Back
Fulltext Bilateral congenital renal arteriovenous malformation: A rare entity with uncommon presentation.

Radhiana, H., Mohd Shafie, A., Mohd Ariff, M.A.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2009;8(1):53-55.
MyJurnal

Renal arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a rare congenital anomaly of the urinary system. We present a patient with bilateral renal AVMs who presented with back pain and microscopic hematuria. This case highlights the importance of careful diagnostic work-up in the evaluation of upper tract hematuria. Renal AVM was found to be the cause of mild back pain and persistent microscopic hematuria in a 45-year-old lady. This case highlights the importance of complete diagnostic work-up in the evaluation of microscopic hematuria in arriving at the correct diagnosis of an uncommon clinical entity.

Matched MeSH terms: Back Pain
Fulltext The study of seating pressure on car seat between two national cars

Mohd Hidayat, A.R., Nurul Ain, M., Mohd Nazri, A., Mohd Hairizal, O., Mohammad Khalid, W., Tan, W.H., et al.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2018;18(102):135-141.
MyJurnal

The main objective of this research is to compare the seating pressure during the driving session between two
different types of national cars. The objective of this research is to conduct object pressure distribution study on
two different types of car seat using CONFORMat (model 5330) with system model CER2, compare and analyse the
results based on object pressure between both car seat. Twelve respondents participated a driving session with
TekscanCONFORMat (model 5330) setup using the same route for both national car. We select two types of national
cars equipped with automatic transmission for this research. The seat pressure on the subject along the journey is
recorded using TekscanCONFORMat Research 7.60 software. Later, comparison made with respect to the seat
pressure experiencedby twelve respondents. The results shows different values of backand seat pressure recorded
among the twelve subjects. Lastly, the results are analysedand discussed at the end of this paper. Model B seat
design has better ability to distribute evenly the pressure to both seat and back. However, results for Model A
showed the pressure is more concentrated on the seat area.

Matched MeSH terms: Back
Fulltext Fatal airbag-mediated atlanto-occipital dislocation in a child

Hassan R, Mohd Yusof M, Kamarudin NA

Malays J Med Sci, 2010 Oct;17(4):67-70.
PMID: 22135564 MyJurnal

An atlanto-occipital dislocation is a rare airbag-induced injury in trauma patients. We report a case of an atlanto-occipital dislocation in a 6-year-old patient who was an unrestrained passenger in the front seat of a vehicle involved in a low-speed motor vehicle accident. This case illustrates the fatal threat of airbag deployment to the child passenger travelling in the vehicle front seat even in a low-speed collision, and supports the recommendation that children under 12 years of age travelling in vehicles with dual airbag systems should be seated in the back.

Matched MeSH terms: Back
Fulltext About clinicopathological conference and its' practice in the School of Medical Sciences, USM

Hassan S

Malays J Med Sci, 2006 Jul;13(2):7-10.
PMID: 22589598

The clinicopathological conference, popularly known as CPC primarily relies on case method of teaching medicine. It is a teaching tool that illustrates the logical, measured consideration of a differential diagnosis used to evaluate patients. The process involves case presentation, diagnostic data, discussion of differential diagnosis, logically narrowing the list to few selected probable diagnoses and eventually reaching a final diagnosis and its brief discussion. The idea was first practiced in Boston, back in 1900 by a Harvard internist, Dr. Richard C. Cabot who practiced this as an informal discussion session in his private office. Dr. Cabot incepted this from a resident, who in turn had received the idea from a roommate, primarily a law student.

Matched MeSH terms: Back
Fulltext Spinal cord stimulation for treatment of failed back surgery syndrome--two case reports

Vijayan R, Ahmad TS

Med J Malaysia, 1999 Dec;54(4):509-13.
PMID: 11072471

Severe, persistent back pain following back surgery is often referred to as Failed Back Surgery Syndrome (FBSS). Conservative measures such as physiotherapy, back strengthening exercises, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and epidural steroids may be inadequate to alleviate pain. Spinal Cord Stimulators were implanted into two patients suffering from FBSS. Both patients responded successfully to spinal cord stimulation with reduction of pain and disability.

Matched MeSH terms: Back/surgery*; Back Pain/radiography; Back Pain/therapy*
Fulltext Bertolotti's syndrome: A commonly missed cause of back pain in young patients

Manmohan S, Dzulkarnain A, Nor Azlin ZA, Fazir M

Malays Fam Physician, 2015;10(2):55-8.
PMID: 27099663

Bertolotti's syndrome must be considered as a differential diagnosis for lower back pain in young people. Treatment, whether conservative or operative, is still debatable. In this paper, we report a case of a 20-year-old girl presenting with lower back pain for 8 years. We administered injection with local anaesthetic and steroid injections within the pseudo-articulation; however, the pain was relieved for 3 weeks. Surgical excision of the pseudo-articulation successfully treated her back pain and the sciatica.

Matched MeSH terms: Back Pain; Low Back Pain

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