Displaying publications 21 - 40 of 346 in total

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  1. Fulltext Gamma irradiation influence on mechanical, thermal and conductivity properties of hybrid carbon nanotubes/montmorillonite nanocomposites
    Tarawneh MA, Saraireh SA, Chen RS, Ahmad SH, Al-Tarawni MAM, Yu LJ
    Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993, 2021 Feb;179:109168.
    PMID: 33100612 DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109168
    A thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) based nanocomposite with the same weight ratio of hybrid nanofillers composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and montmorillonite nanoclay (DK4) was prepared using a melt blending technique with an internal mixer. The TPE composite was blended from polylactic acid (PLA), liquid natural rubber (LNR) as a compatibilizer and natural rubber (NR) in a volume ratio of 70:10:20, respectively. The weight ratio of CNTs and DK4 was 2.5 wt%. The prepared samples were exposed to gamma radiation at range of 0-250 kGy. After exposure to gamma radiation, the mechanical, thermo-mechanical, thermal and electrical conductivity properties of the composites were significantly higher than unirradiated TPE composites as the irradiation doses increased up to 150 kGy. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs revealed the good distribution and interaction between the nano-fillers and the matrix in the prepared TPE hybrid nanocomposites. In summary, the findings from this work definite that gamma irradiation might be a viable treatment to improve the properties of TPE nanocomposite for electronic packaging applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  2. Morphological study of synthesized RGO/ Pt nanocomposites via facile chemical reduction method
    Mohamad Fahrul Radzi Hanifah, Juhana Jaafar, Madzlan Aziz, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Mukhlis A. Rahman, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2017;46:629-635.
    Reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (RGO)/Pt nanocomposite have been successfully prepared through a facile chemical reduction method. The reduction of Pt precursor was carried out using sodium borohydride as the efficient chemical reductant. The morphology of RGO/Pt nanocomposite was investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). HRTEM analysis showed that platinum nanoparticles were homogenously distributed onto the surface of RGO. The electrochemical study proved that Pt nanoparticles were successfully incorporated onto RGO. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed method could provide well-dispersed of Pt nanoparticles onto RGO to form RGO/ Pt nanocomposite.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  3. Fulltext Electrical transportation mechanisms of molybdenum disulfide flakes-graphene quantum dots heterostructure embedded in polyvinylidene fluoride polymer
    Ooi PC, Mohammad Haniff MAS, Mohd Razip Wee MF, Goh BT, Dee CF, Mohamed MA, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2019 May 01;9(1):6761.
    PMID: 31043694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43279-3
    In the interest of the trend towards miniaturization of electronic gadgets, this study demonstrates a high-density data storage device with a very simple three-stacking layer consisting of only one charge trapping layer. A simple solution-processed technique has been used to fabricate the tristable non-volatile memory. The three-stacking layer was constructed in between two metals to form a two-terminal metal-insulator-metal structure. The fabricated device showed a large multilevel memory hysteresis window with a measured ON/OFF current ratio of 107 that might be attributed to the high charge trapped in molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) flakes-graphene quantum dots (GQDs) heterostructure. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to examine the orientation of MoS2-GQD and mixture dispersion preparation method. The obtained electrical data was used further to speculate the possible transport mechanisms through the fabricated device by a curve fitting technique. Also, endurance cycle and retention tests were performed at room temperature to investigate the stability of the device.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  4. Fulltext Radiation-induced formation of acrylated palm oil nanoparticle using pluronic f-127 microemulsion system
    Tajau, R., Wan Yunus, W.M.Z., Mohd Dahlan, K.Z., Mahmood, M.H., Hashim, K., Ismail, M., et al.
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2013;21(1):127-134.
    MyJurnal
    This study demonstrated the utilization of radiation-induced initiator methods for the formation of
    nanoparticles of Acrylated Palm Oil (APO) using aqueous Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) microemulsion
    system. This microemulsion system was subjected to gamma irradiation to form the crosslinked APO
    nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and
    Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the size and the chemical structure
    of the nanoparticles. As a result, the size of the APO nanoparticle was decreased when the irradiation
    dose increased. The decrease in size might be due to the effects of intermolecular crosslinking and
    intramolecular crosslinking reactions of the APO nanoparticles during irradiation process. The size of the
    nanoparticle is in the range of 98 to 200 nanometer (nm) after irradiation using gamma irradiator. This radiation-induced method provides a free initiator
    induced and easy to control process as compared
    to the classical or chemical initiator process. The
    study has shown that radiation-induced initiator
    methods, namely, polymerization and crosslinking
    in the microemulsion, were promising for the
    synthesis of nanoparticles.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  5. Fulltext Micro-Computed Tomography Detection of Gold Nanoparticle-Labelled Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Rat Subretinal Layer
    Mok PL, Leow SN, Koh AE, Mohd Nizam HH, Ding SL, Luu C, et al.
    Int J Mol Sci, 2017 Feb 08;18(2).
    PMID: 28208719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020345
    Mesenchymal stem cells are widely used in many pre-clinical and clinical settings. Despite advances in molecular technology; the migration and homing activities of these cells in in vivo systems are not well understood. Labelling mesenchymal stem cells with gold nanoparticles has no cytotoxic effect and may offer suitable indications for stem cell tracking. Here, we report a simple protocol to label mesenchymal stem cells using 80 nm gold nanoparticles. Once the cells and particles were incubated together for 24 h, the labelled products were injected into the rat subretinal layer. Micro-computed tomography was then conducted on the 15th and 30th day post-injection to track the movement of these cells, as visualized by an area of hyperdensity from the coronal section images of the rat head. In addition, we confirmed the cellular uptake of the gold nanoparticles by the mesenchymal stem cells using transmission electron microscopy. As opposed to other methods, the current protocol provides a simple, less labour-intensive and more efficient labelling mechanism for real-time cell tracking. Finally, we discuss the potential manipulations of gold nanoparticles in stem cells for cell replacement and cancer therapy in ocular disorders or diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  6. Fulltext Observation of cotton-like bismuth oxide (β-Bi2O2.5) prepared via pulsed laser ablation deposition
    Waje, Samaila Bawa, Noorhana Yahya, Irmawati Ramli
    Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2009;17(2):-.
    MyJurnal
    Monoclinic bismuth oxide (α-Bi2O3) nanoparticles were prepared via precipitation method and
    irradiated with a pulsed laser forming thin films. Their phase and surface morphological properties
    were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron
    microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The XRD
    analysis shows the phase transformation to a partially crystalline tetragonal phase β-Bi2O3 thin film.
    The SEM micrograph of the nanoparticles, with an average crystal size of 72 nm, was seen to form
    a thin film with a peculiar structure, coined as “cotton-like”, is attributed to the high surface energy
    absorbed by the nanoparticles during ablation. The HR-TEM micrograph shows the particulate with
    a clearly defined interlayer spacing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  7. Fulltext Ultra-morphological changes of Trichophyton rubrum treated with hydroxychavicol
    Ridzuan, P.M., Nasir Mohamad, Salwani Ismail, Nor Iza A. Rahman, Sanusi, N.A., Rabiatul Adawiyah Umar, et al.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):65-71.
    MyJurnal
    Trichophyton rubrum is a common pathogenic fungal species that is responsible for causing infection on
    human skin, hair and nail. The antifungal-resistant strains complicate the treatment regime.
    Hydroxychavicol (HC) is one of the main compounds from Piper betel leaf that have antifungal potential and
    its mechanism of action has not been studied yet. The objective of this preliminary study to determine the
    antifungal properties of HC against T. rubrum using transmission electron microscope (TEM) on gross and
    ultrastructure of T. rubrum hypha. T. rubrum was treated with HC and miconazole (MI) at concentrations of
    1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/mL for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days continuously. Generally, fungi structures became more
    severely damaged at increasing treatment duration. Microscopically, the fungi’s cell wall treated with HC
    showed a rough surface, shrinkage and demolition similar to the MI treated group. The fungi organelles were
    also demolished and disorganized. This study revealed that HC has the ability to inhibit T. rubrum growth
    and has potential to be an antifungal agent for skin infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  8. A bio-based, facile approach for the preparation of covalently functionalized carbon nanotubes aqueous suspensions and their potential as heat transfer fluids
    Sadri R, Hosseini M, Kazi SN, Bagheri S, Zubir N, Solangi KH, et al.
    J Colloid Interface Sci, 2017 Oct 15;504:115-123.
    PMID: 28531649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.03.051
    In this study, we propose an innovative, bio-based, environmentally friendly approach for the covalent functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using clove buds. This approach is innovative because we do not use toxic and hazardous acids which are typically used in common carbon nanomaterial functionalization procedures. The MWCNTs are functionalized in one pot using a free radical grafting reaction. The clove-functionalized MWCNTs (CMWCNTs) are then dispersed in distilled water (DI water), producing a highly stable CMWCNT aqueous suspension. The CMWCNTs are characterized using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrostatic interactions between the CMWCNT colloidal particles in DI water are verified via zeta potential measurements. UV-vis spectroscopy is also used to examine the stability of the CMWCNTs in the base fluid. The thermo-physical properties of the CMWCNT nano-fluids are examined experimentally and indeed, this nano-fluid shows remarkably improved thermo-physical properties, indicating its superb potential for various thermal applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  9. Fulltext Assessments of Secondary Reinforcement of Epoxy Matrix-Glass Fibre Composite Laminates through Nanosilica (SiO₂)
    Lazar PJL, Sengottuvelu R, Natarajan E
    Materials (Basel), 2018 Nov 05;11(11).
    PMID: 30400592 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112186
    The principal objective of this research work was to investigate the results of impregnating epoxy matrix-glass fibre composite laminates with nanosilica as secondary reinforcement. 0.5, 0.75, 1 and 3 wt% nanosilica was used and thereafter properties of composites were assessed through tensile, three point bending, quasi static indentation tests and dynamic mechanical analysis. Scanning electron microscope examinations were done on fracture surfaces and failure modes were analyzed. The internal failures of the composite due to quasi-static indentation were evaluated through C-Scan. Among samples of different weight fractions, 0.75 wt% nanosilica reinforced composite laminates exhibited substantial increase of 42% in tensile strength and 39.46% in flexural strength. The reduction in glass transition temperature (Tg), increase in storage modulus (E'), loss modulus (E″) and damping factor (tan δ) were also observed. Quasi-static indentation assessments revealed that energy absorption property was enhanced significantly by 53.97%. Hence nanosilica up to 0.75 wt% can be used as a potential candidate for secondary reinforcement in epoxy composite laminates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  10. Inactivation of escherichia coli under fluorescent lamp using Tio2 nanoparticles synthesized via sol gel method
    Sapizah Rahim, Shahidan Radiman, Ainon Hamzah
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:219-224.
    Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using sol gel method and their physico-chemical properties were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic property of TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated by inactivation of Escherichia coli under irradiation of fluorescent lamp. The results showed that the size of TiO2 was in the range of 3 to 7 nm with high crystallinity of anatase phase. The sharp peaks in FTIR spectrum determined the purity of TiO2 nanoparticles and absorbance peak of UV-Vis spectrum showed the energy band gap of 3.2 eV. Optimum inactivation of E. coli was obtained at 1.0 g/L TiO2 nanoparticles, with 80% of E. coli population was inactivated. The light scattering effect and insufficient concentration are the factors that cause the less effective inactivation reaction for 2.5 g/L and 0.1 g/L TiO2 concentration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  11. Effect of synthesis condition on the growth of SWCNTs via catalytic chemical vapour deposition
    Toussi SM, Fakhru’L-Razi A, Luqman Chuah A, Suraya A
    Sains Malaysiana, 2011;40.
    Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) of ethanol (C2H5OH) over Fe-Mo-MgO catalyst by using argon as a carrier gas. The reaction conditions are important factors that influence the yield and quality of carbon nanotubes. The effects of temperature and flow rate of carrier gas were investigated to increase the yield of carbon nanotubes. The synthesized carbon nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The results showed that the growth of carbon nanotubes was effectively influenced by the reaction ambience and the synthesis condition. The temperature and flow rate of carrier gas played a key role in the yield and quality of synthesized CNTs. The estimated yield of synthesized carbon nanotubes was almost over 70%.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  12. Effects of Rf power on structural properties of Nc-Si:h thin films deposited by layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition technique
    Goh BT, Muhamad Rasat Muhamad, Saadah Abdul Rahman
    Sains Malaysiana, 2012;41:993-1000.
    The effects of rf power on the structural properties of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) thin films deposited using layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition technique in a home-built plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system were investigated. The properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), microRaman scattering spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that the films consisted of different size of Si crystallites embedded within an amorphous matrix and the growth of these crystallites was suppressed at higher rf powers. The crystalline volume fraction of the films was optimum at the rf power of 60 W and contained both small and big crystallites
    with diameters of 3.7 nm and 120 nm, respectively. The hydrogen content increased with increasing rf power and enhanced the structural disorder of the amorphous matrix thus decreasing the crystalline volume fraction of the films. Correlation of crystalline volume fraction, hydrogen content and structure disorder of the films under the effect of rf
    power is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  13. Properties enhancement of TPNR-MWNTS-OMMT hybrid nanocomposites by using ultrasonic treatment
    Mou‘ad A.Tarawneh, Sahrim Hj. Ahmad, Ku Zarina K, Ibrahim N. Hassan, Yu Lih jiun, Moayad Husein Flaifel, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:503-507.
    The main goal of this paper was to study the effect of ultrasonic treatment time on the mechanical properties of thermoplastic natural rubber(TPNR) reinforced with hybrid MWNTs-OMMT. The intercalation of TPNR enhancement into layers of clay by increasing the d-spacing was found using X-ray diffraction. The tensile properties of nanocomposites treated with ultrasonic increased when compared with untreated nanocomposites. The optimum ultrasonic treatment time was obtained at 3 h. The transmission electron microscope micrograph showed a combination of intercalated-exfoliated structure of the TPNR composites with organic clay and dispersion of MWNTs. The ultrasonic treatment can promote the dispersion of MWNTs-OMMT in TPNR and also improved the compatibility of hybrid filler and the TPNR matrix.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  14. Fulltext Minimum inhibitory concentration of nano-silver bactericides for beneficial microbes and its effect on Ralstonia solanacearum and seed germination of Japanese Cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
    Sotoodehnia P, Mazlan N, Mohd Saud H, Samsuri WA, Habib SH, Soltangheisi A
    PeerJ, 2019;7:e6418.
    PMID: 30918747 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6418
    Background: Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are highly promising biofertilizers that contribute to eco-friendly sustainable agriculture. There have been many reports on the anti-microbial properties of nanoparticles (NPs). Toxic effects of NPs under laboratory conditions have also reported; however, there is a lack of information about their uptake and mobility in organisms under environmental conditions. There is an urgent need to determine the highest concentration of NPs which is not detrimental for growth and proliferation of PGPR.

    Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to measure the size and shape of NPs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of nano-silver on selected beneficial microbes and Ralstonia solanacearum were measured using the microdilution broth method. The percentage of seed germination was measured under in vitro conditions.

    Results: NPs were spherical with a size of 16 ± 6 nm. Nano-silver at 12-40 mg l-1 inhibited the growth of bacteria. Seed application at 40 mg l-1 protected seeds from R. solanacearum and improved the rate of seed germination.

    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  15. Production and characterization of the defatted oil palm shell nanoparticles
    Abdul Khalil HPS, Md. Sohrab Hossain, Nur Amiranajwa AS, Nurul Fazita MR, Mohamad Haafiz MK, Suraya N, et al.
    Sains Malaysiana, 2016;45:833-839.
    This present study was conducted to produce defatted oil palm shell (OPS) nanoparticles. Wherein, the OPS nanoparticles
    were defatted by solvent extraction method. Several analytical methods including transmission electron microscope (TEM),
    X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), SEM energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX)
    and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to characterize the untreated and defatted OPS nanoparticles. It was
    found that 75.3% OPS particles were converted into nanoparticles during ball milling. The obtained OPS nanoparticles had
    smaller surface area with angular, irregular and crushed shapes under SEM view. The defatted OPS nanoparticles did not
    show any agglomeration during TEM observation. However, the untreated OPS nanoparticles had higher decomposition
    temperature as compared to the defatted OPS nanoparticles. Based on the characterization results of the OPS nanoparticles,
    it is evident that the defatted OPS nanoparticles has the potentiality to be used as filler in biocomposites
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  16. Fulltext Surface Energy Mapping of Modified Silica Using IGC Technique at Finite Dilution
    Ngeow YW, Williams DR, Chapman AV, Heng JYY
    ACS Omega, 2020 May 12;5(18):10266-10275.
    PMID: 32426583 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03920
    The reinforcing silica filler, which can be more than 40% of an elastomer composite, plays a key role to achieve the desired mechanical properties in elastomer vulcanizates. However, the highly hydrophilic nature of silica surface causes silica particle aggregation. It remained a challenge for many tire manufacturers when using silica-filled elastomer compounds. Here, the silica surface energy changes when the surface is modified with coupling or noncoupling silanes; coupling silanes can covalently bond the silica to the elastomers. The surface energy of silica was determined using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at finite dilution (FD-IGC) and found to be reduced by up to 50% when the silica surface was silanized. The spatial distribution of silica aggregates within the tire matrix is determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a direct correlation between aggregate size (silica microdispersion) and work of cohesion from IGC is reported, highlighting surface energy and work of cohesion being excellent indicators of the degree of dispersion of silica aggregates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  17. Size-Controlled and Optical Properties of Platinum Nanoparticles by Gamma Radiolytic Synthesis
    Gharibshahi E, Saion E, Ashraf A, Gharibshahi L
    Appl Radiat Isot, 2017 Dec;130:211-217.
    PMID: 29028581 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.012
    Gamma radiolytic synthesis was used to produce size-controlled spherical platinum nanoparticles from an aqueous solution containing platinum tetraammine and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. The structural characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The transmission electron microscopy was used to determine the average particle diameter, which decreased from 4.4nm at 80kGy to 2.8nm at 120kGy. The UV-visible absorption spectrum was measured and found that platinum nanoparticles exhibit two steady absorption maxima in UV regions due to plasmonic excitation of conduction electrons, which blue shifted to lower wavelengths with a decrease in particle size. We consider the conduction electrons of platinum nanoparticles to follow Thomas-Fermi-Dirac-Weizsacker atomic model that they are not entirely free but weakly bounded to particles at lower-energy states {n = 5, l = 2 or 5d} and {n = 6, l = 0 or 6s}, which upon receiving UV photon energy the electrons make intra-band quantum excitations to higher-energy states allowed by the principles of quantum number that results the absorption maxima. We found an excellent agreement between the experimental and theoretical results, which suggest that the optical absorption of metal nanoparticles could be fundamentally described by a quantum mechanical interpretation, which could be more relevant to photo-catalysis and heterogeneous catalysis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  18. Flow properties of ice cream mix prepared from palm oil: anhydrous milk fat blends
    Rosnani AI, Aini IN, Yazid AM, Dzulkifly MH
    Pak J Biol Sci, 2007 May 15;10(10):1691-6.
    PMID: 19086519
    Ice cream mixes containing 33.4% total solids including 10% fat, 11.1% milk solid-non fat (MSNF), 12% sugar, 0.35% commercial blend of emulsifier/ stabiliser and water were produced. The blending of PO with AMF were conducted at three different ratios 30: 70, 50: 50 and 70: 30, respectively. The experimental ice cream mixes were compared with a control ice cream mix prepared from AMF. The flow properties were measured after ageing at 0, 1, 1.5, 2 and 24 h and determined using a controlled stress rheometer (Haake RS 100). The Power Law and Casson equation was employed to estimate the yield stress of an ice cream mixes. The regression coefficients (r) was represented well by the Casson model (r > 0.99) for all the samples, indicating goodness of fit. The profiles of the consistency coefficients (K(c)) were quite similar for all experimental samples, which could be attributed to the fact that all the samples exhibited similar viscoelastic behaviour. The flow behaviour index (n) of an ice cream mix prepared from PO and their blends with AMF were less then 1.0 (range 0.04-0.08) indicating that they were psuedoplastic fluid. The eta(o) at shear rate 20(-1) indicated higher degree of viscosity in AMF.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  19. Fulltext A selective ultrahigh responding high temperature ethanol sensor using TiO2 nanoparticles
    Arafat MM, Haseeb AS, Akbar SA
    Sensors (Basel), 2014;14(8):13613-27.
    PMID: 25072346 DOI: 10.3390/s140813613
    In this research work, the sensitivity of TiO2 nanoparticles towards C2H5OH, H2 and CH4 gases was investigated. The morphology and phase content of the particles was preserved during sensing tests by prior heat treatment of the samples at temperatures as high as 750 °C and 1000 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were employed to characterize the size, morphology and phase content of the particles. For sensor fabrication, a film of TiO2 was printed on a Au interdigitated alumina substrate. The sensing temperature was varied from 450 °C to 650 °C with varying concentrations of target gases. Results show that the sensor has ultrahigh response towards ethanol (C2H5OH) compared to hydrogen (H2) and methane (CH4). The optimum sensing temperature was found to be 600 °C. The response and recovery times of the sensor are 3 min and 15 min, respectively, for 20 ppm C2H5OH at the optimum operating temperature of 600 °C. It is proposed that the catalytic action of TiO2 with C2H5OH is the reason for the ultrahigh response of the sensor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/methods
  20. Modelling of chromatin morphologies in breast cancer cells undergoing apoptosis using generalized Cauchy field
    Muniandy SV, Stanslas J
    Comput Med Imaging Graph, 2008 Oct;32(7):631-7.
    PMID: 18707844 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2008.07.003
    Chromatin morphologies in human breast cancer cells treated with an anti-cancer agent are analyzed at their early stage of programmed cell death or apoptosis. The gray-level images of nuclear chromatin are modelled as random fields. We used two-dimensional isotropic generalized Cauchy field to characterize local self-similarity and global long-range dependence behaviors in the image spatial data. Generalized Cauchy field allows the description of fractal behavior inferred from fractal dimension and the long-range dependence inferred from correlation exponent to be carried out independently. We demonstrated the usefulness of locally self-similar random fields with long-range dependence for modelling chromatin condensation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission/methods
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