Hospital Information System (HIS) is a comprehensive, integrated information system designed to manage the administrative, financial and clinical aspects of a hospital. This study is to describe those aspects of the implementation of hospital information system in three tertiary hospitals in Klang Valley; Serdang Hospital, Selayang Hospital and University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A qualitative study was conducted to obtain views on information system development and implementation in the hospitals mentioned above. In-depth interviews with personnel representing both the system providers and the end-users were done guided by a questionnaire. The results of the interviews were categorized into few themes namely the system development, human resource, scope of implementation, support system, user-friendly, training, hardware and security. There were differences in hospital information system development and implementation in the three hospitals. Each system has its own strengths and weaknesses that make it unique. In developing HIS, its important to ensure the system can work effectively and efficiently. Quality human resource, good support system, user-friendly and adequate training of the end-user will determine the success of implementation of HIS. Upgrading of hardware and software as needed is the basis to keep up with the pace of technology advancement and increasing number of patients. It is hoped that HIS will be implemented in all other hospitals with effective integration and networking.
Matched MeSH terms: Hospital Information Systems; Information Systems
Tampering on medical image will lead to wrong diagnosis and treatment, which is life-threatening; therefore, digital watermarking on medical image was introduced to protect medical image from tampering. Medical images are divided into region of interest (ROI) and region of non-interest (RONI). ROI is an area that has a significant impact on diagnosis, whereas RONI has less or no significance in diagnosis. This paper has proposed ROI-based tamper detection and recovery watermarking scheme (ROI-DR) that embeds ROI bit information into RONI least significant bits, which will be extracted later for authentication and recovery process. The experiment result has shown that the ROI-DR has achieved a good result in imperceptibility with peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values approximately 48 dB, it is robust against various kinds of tampering, and the tampered ROI was able to recover to its original form. Lastly, a comparative table with the previous research (TALLOR and TALLOR-RS watermarking schemes) has been derived, where these three watermarking schemes were tested under the same testing conditions and environment. The experiment result has shown that ROI-DR has achieved speed-up factors of 22.55 and 26.65 in relative to TALLOR and TALLOR-RS watermarking schemes, respectively.
Matched MeSH terms: Radiology Information Systems/standards
An innovative health information system can be used to support the control of tuberculosis (TB) in Malaysia. The existing system of MyTB has helped in the national TB information management and decision-making process. However, the system can be further enhanced by producing a prototype of Geospatial Tuberculosis Information System (GeoTBiS). It is a geospatial decision support system that was initially proposed in Shah Alam, Selangor. Geospatial data has spatio-temporal characteristics that can be used to understand the basic elements of TB aetiology, while geospatial operations are employed to collect, manage and disseminate the data in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. The disease map and epidemiological risk analysis are produced using a global positioning system (GPS), satellite imagery, geostatistical analysis and web mapping services. This GeoTBiS has demonstrated the geospatial capabilities in enhancing the current system functions, and several recommendations towards a practicable application.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems; Health Information Systems
Health information systems (HIS) and clinical workflows generate medication errors that affect the quality of patient care. The rigorous evaluation of the medication process's error risk, control, and impact on clinical practice enable the understanding of latent and active factors that contribute to HIS-induced errors. This paper reports the preliminary findings of an evaluation case study of a 1000-bed Japanese secondary care teaching hospital using observation, interview, and document analysis methods. Findings were analysed from a process perspective by adopting a recently introduced framework known as Human, Organisation, Process, and Technology-fit. Process factors influencing risk in medication errors include template- and calendar-based systems, intuitive design, barcode check, ease of use, alert, policy, systematic task organisation, and safety culture Approaches for managing medication errors also exert an important role on error reduction and clinical workflow.
The Damoh district, which is located in the central India and characterized by limestone, shales, and sandstone compact rock. The district has been facing groundwater development challenges and problems for several decades. To facilitate groundwater management, it is crucial to monitoring and planning based on geology, slope, relief, land use, geomorphology, and the types of the basaltic aquifer in the drought-groundwater deficit area. Moreover, the majority of farmers in the area are heavily dependent on groundwater for their crops. Therefore, delineation of groundwater potential zones (GPZ) is essential, which is defined based on various thematic layers, including geology, geomorphology, slope, aspect, drainage density, lineament density, topographic wetness index (TWI), topographic ruggedness index (TRI), and land use/land cover (LULC). The processing and analysis of this information were carried out using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods. The validity of the results was trained and tested using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, which showed training and testing accuracies of 0.713 and 0.701, respectively. The GPZ map was classified into five classes such as very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The study revealed that approximately 45% of the area falls under the moderate GPZ, while only 30% of the region is classified as having a high GPZ. The area receives high rainfall but has very high surface runoff due to no proper developed soil and lack of water conservation structures. Every summer season show a declined groundwater level. In this context, results of study area are useful to maintain the groundwater under climate change and summer season. The GPZ map plays an important role in implementing artificial recharge structures (ARS), such as percolation ponds, tube wells, bore wells, cement nala bunds (CNBs), continuous contour trenching (CCTs), and others for development of ground level. This study is significant for developing sustainable groundwater management policies in semi-arid regions, that are experiencing climate change. Proper groundwater potential mapping and watershed development policies can help mitigate the effects of drought, climate change, and water scarcity, while preserving the ecosystem in the Limestone, Shales, and Sandstone compact rock region. The results of this study are essential for farmers, regional planners, policy-makers, climate change experts, and local governments, enabling them to understand the groundwater development possibilities in the study area.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems*
Pedestrian safety, particularly for children, relies on well-designed pathways. Child-friendly pathways play a crucial role in safeguarding young pedestrians. Shared spaces accommodating both vehicles and walkers can bring benefits to pedestrians. However, active children playing near these pathways are prone to accidents. This research aims to develop an efficient method for planning child-friendly pedestrian pathways, taking into account community development and the specific needs of children. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing the Datang community in Guangzhou, China, as a case study. This approach combined drawing techniques with GIS data analysis. Drawing methods were utilized to identify points of interest for children aged 2-6. The qualitative and quantitative fuzzy analytic hierarchy process assessed factors influencing pathway planning, assigning appropriate weights. The weighted superposition analysis method constructed a comprehensive cost grid, considering various community elements. To streamline the planning process, a GIS tool was developed based on the identified factors, resulting in a practical, child-friendly pedestrian pathway network. Results indicate that this method efficiently creates child-friendly pathways, ensuring optimal connectivity within the planned road network.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems*
The author spent 6 months as director of a major university hospital accident and emergency department in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A brief summary of this experience is provided, followed by a series of recommendations based on the experience that may provide some guidance in future efforts to establish emergency medicine in developing areas of the world.
Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are widely used for change detection in rivers caused
by erosion and accretion. Digital image processing techniques and GIS analysis capabilities are used for detecting
temporal variations of erosion and accretion characteristics between the years 1999 and 2011 in a 40 km long Marala
Alexandria reach of River Chenab. Landsat satellite images for the years 1999, 2007 and 2011 were processed to analyze
the river channel migration, changes in the river width and the rate of erosion and accretion. Analyses showed that the
right bank was under erosion in both time spans, however high rate of deposition is exhibited in middle reaches. The
maximum erosion was 1569843 m2
and 1486160 m2
along the right bank at a distance of 24-28 km downstream of the
Marala barrage in the time span of 1999-2007 and 2007-2011, respectively. Along right bank mainly there is trend of
accretion but erosion is much greater between 20 and 28 km reach. Maximum accretion was 5144584 m2
from 1999-2007
and 2950110 m2
from 2007-2011 on the right bank downstream of the Marala Barrage. The derived results of channel
migration were validated by comparing with SRTM data to assess the accuracy of image classification. Integration of remote
sensing data with GIS is efficient and economical technique to assess land losses and channel changes in large rivers.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Industrial Training Course (IMC690) is a mandatory course to be taken by seventh (7th) semester students of Information Systems Management programme (IM245). This course carries a high credit hour which weigh 12 credit hours. There are four (4) parts evaluated and the largest contributor is the industrial training report which consists of 40% marks. The problem occurs when students do not complete the report according to the date specified by the Faculty. Hence, late submission and marking of reports as well as low report scores have affected the students and lecturers. This study aims to reduce the percentage of industrial training report late submission by introducing two (2) creative innovation projects namely the Industrial Training Report Repository (ITR2) System and Industrial Training Kit (IT Kit) as the solution. Based on research findings, the percentage of late submission in the preparation of the industrial training report has successfully reduced from 60% to 0% and indirectly led to an increase in percentage of final report scores; which exceeded 30%. The results from both innovations have proven to be a comprehensive reference sources that have helped the students in producing a high quality report that complies with standards.
This study develops an oil spill environmental vulnerability model for predicting and mapping the oil slick trajectory pattern in Kota Tinggi, Malaysia. The impact of seasonal variations on the vulnerability of the coastal resources to oil spill was modelled by estimating the quantity of coastal resources affected across three climatic seasons (northeast monsoon, southwest monsoon and pre-monsoon). Twelve 100 m3 (10,000 splots) medium oil spill scenarios were simulated using General National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Operational Oil Modeling Environment (GNOME) model. The output was integrated with coastal resources, comprising biological, socio-economic and physical shoreline features. Results revealed that the speed of an oil slick (40.8 m per minute) is higher during the pre-monsoon period in a southwestern direction and lower during the northeast monsoon (36.9 m per minute). Evaporation, floating and spreading are the major weathering processes identified in this study, with approximately 70% of the slick reaching the shoreline or remaining in the water column during the first 24 h (h) of the spill. Oil spill impacts were most severe during the southwest monsoon, and physical shoreline resources are the most vulnerable to oil spill in the study area. The study concluded that variation in climatic seasons significantly influence the vulnerability of coastal resources to marine oil spill.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and three dimensional (3D) World Wide Web (WWW) applications usage are on the rise. The demand for online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data has increased. Current users demand for more complex data which have higher accuracy and realism. This is aided by the emergence of geo-browsers in the market which provide free service and also cater for the commercialized market. Other new technology driving the market is the use of software such as CityGML, Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML)/ Entensive 3D (X3D), geoVRML, and Keyhole Markup Language (KML). These technologies also play an important role for this new era of online 3D terrain visualization. The aim of this paper is to implement the online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data by using VRML technology and launching the system into three different web servers. The data used for this system are contour data and high resolution satellite image (QUICKBIRD) for Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) area. Testing was done only for satellite image overlaid to 3D terrain data. The web servers used in this experiment were the Spatial Research Group Server in UPM, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM) web server, and ruzinoor.my web server. The comparison was based on the performance of web servers in terms of accessibility, uploading time, CPU usage, frame rate per second (fps), and number of users. The results from this experiment will be of help and guidance to the developers in finding the right web servers for the best performance on implementing online 3D terrain visualization for GIS data.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Remote sensing and geographic information system techniques are significant and popular approaches that have been used in recent years to measure and map urban growth patterns. This paper primarily aims to provide a basis for a literature review of urban growth measurement and mapping by using different methods. For this purpose, the general characteristics of measuring and mapping urban growth patterns are described and classified. The strengths and weaknesses of the various methods have been identified from an analysis and discussion of the characteristics of the techniques. Results of reviews confirm that combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, such as Shannon approach and change detection, to measure and map urban growth patterns will improve understanding of the phenomenon of urban growth. Moreover, using social and economic data such as population and income data will improve understanding of the relationships between causes and effects. The integration of social and economic factors with quantitative and qualitative techniques will contribute to a perfect evaluation of urban growth patterns and land use changes, taking technical, social, economic, spatial, and temporal factors into account.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mengesan perubahan guna tanah dan litupan bumi (LULC) di daerah Gombak, Selangor melalui pendekatan penderiaan jauh. Perbandingan data siri masa antara tahun 1989-1999, 1999-2014 dan 1989-2014 telah dilakukan bagi melihat perubahan LULC. Data yang digunakan ialah imej satelit Landsat (TM dan OLI-TIRS) dan Peta Guna Tanah Selangor 1990 terbitan Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia. Guna tanah dibahagikan kepada lima kategori utama, iaitu badan air, hutan, getah, kelapa sawit dan tepu bina. Penilaian ketepatan antara LULC hasil daripada pengelasan imej penderiaan jauh dengan peta guna tanah 1990 dikira berdasarkan Koeffisien Kappa menerusi teknik ralat matrik dan nilai ketepatan adalah 74.5%. Analisis GIS ke atas imej pasca klasifikasi menunjukkan perubahan sebenar LULC bagi tahun perbandingan 1989-1999 ialah 13.69%, seterusnya meningkat kepada 18.65% bagi tahun 1999-2014 dan terus meningkat bagi tahun bandingan 1989-2014, iaitu 24.25%. Guna tanah getah mengalami perubahan sebenar paling tinggi berbanding guna tanah lain dengan -47.73% bagi tahun bandingan 1989-1999, manakala tahun bandingan 1999-2014 menunjukkan guna tanah tepu bina mengalami perubahan paling tinggi dengan +44.53% dan pada tahun 1989-2014 pula guna tanah getah mengalami perubahan sebenar paling tinggi sebanyak -34.6%. Kemerosotan guna tanah getah sangat ketara di daerah Gombak dan mempunyai kaitan dengan peningkatan kawasan guna tanah tepu bina. Secara umumnya, pola perubahan guna tanah dan litupan bumi di daerah Gombak selari dengan perkembangan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan semasa oleh pihak berkuasa.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Penggunaan tanah boleh mengakibatkan perubahan fungsi dari masa ke masa, sesuai dengan tujuan pembangunan. Kawasan Bandar Pekanbaru terdiri daripada 12 sub-kawasan persekutuan dengan jumlah keluasan kira-kira 632.26 km2. Tujuan kajian adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan guna tanah daripada aspek ruang dan masa. Data guna tanah yang diambil kira dalam analisis ini adalah peta guna tanah 1992 dan 2004. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan perisian ArcView GIS versi 3.2 mendapati bahawa telah berlaku penurunan guna tanah signifikan, iaitu jenis perkebunan dan hutan tahun 2004. Peningkatan jenis lain-lain, penggunaan tanah seperti permukiman dan tumbuhan/semak tahun 2004 telah berlaku. Perubahan ini merupakan pengaruh daripada pembangunan bandar. Sebaliknya, pembangunan bandar boleh memberi impak negatif terhadap sekitaran jika pola perubahan guna tanah dirancang tanpa pengurusan yang baik.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Kedatangan spesies burung hijrah ke Hutan Paya Laut Matang, Perak merupakan suatu fenomena unik dan amat berpotensi untuk dikomersialkan. Namun begitu sejak sepuluh tahun kebelakangan ini kedatangan spesies burung hijrah ke kawasan ini mencatatkan penurunan yang membimbangkan. Pembangunan di sekitar kawasan Hutan Paya Laut Matang dikenal pasti menjadi faktor utama penurunan ini. Selain itu, pengurusan dan pemantauan terhadap spesies burung hijrah yang tidak bersistematik juga menyumbang kepada permasalahan ini. Kaedah pengurusan dan pemantauan burung hijrah secara konvensional masih diamalkan oleh Jabatan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara (PERHILITAN) dalam merekod data dan maklumat yang diperoleh. Oleh itu kajian ini dilakukan dengan memperkenalkan pendekatan teknologi Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) dan Penderiaan Jauh sebagai aplikasi utama yang dapat membantu dalam memperbaiki pengurusan dan pemantauan burung hijrah. Aplikasi GIS digunakan dalam memetakan data parameter kajian yang diperoleh menggunakan perisian yang bersesuaian iaitu ArcGIS 10.1 dan Penderiaan Jauh digunakan untuk memodelkan parameter kajian menggunakan aplikasi dalam perisian ERDAS Imagine 8.5. Sebanyak enam parameter kajian digunakan dalam kajian ini iaitu suhu, taburan hujan, makanan, ketinggian, gunatanah dan liputan tanah. Pemodelan setiap parameter kajian ini membolehkan kesan setiap parameter kajian terhadap taburan burung hijrah dalam suatu kawasan ditunjukkan dalam bentuk pemetaan. Hasil pemodelan ini juga membolehkan parameter yang terpenting dan paling mempengaruhi taburan burung hijrah bagi kawasan Hutan Paya Laut Matang dikenal pasti. Maklumat ini membolehkan DWNP lebih memahami keperluan burung hijrah dalam pemilihan habitat mereka. Selain itu, hasil pemodelan ini membantu DWNP dalam mengatur strategi pelaksanaan program pemeliharaan dan pemuliharaan di kawasan sekitar Hutan Paya Laut Matang bagi memastikan kedatangan spesies burung hijrah secara berterusan.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Kejadian kebakaran hutan yang memberikan implikasi negatif terhadap ekosistem hutan, kepelbagaian biologi, kualiti udara dan struktur tanah dapat dikurangkan melalui sistem pengurusan bencana yang berkesan. Mekanisme pengurusan bencana dapat dibangunkan melalui sistem amaran awal yang tepat serta sistem penyampaian maklumat yang cekap. Penyelidikan ini cuba memberi tumpuan kepada pemetaan potensi kebakaran hutan serta penyampaian maklumat kepada
pengguna melalui aplikasi WebGIS. Teknologi georuang dan permodelan matematik digunakan bagi mengenal pasti, mengelas serta memetakan kawasan hutan yang berpotensi untuk terbakar. Permodelan model proses analitik hierarki (AHP) serta teknologi georuang yang merangkumi penderiaan jauh, sistem maklumat geografi (GIS) dan pengumpulan data lapangan secara digital telah digunakan untuk negeri Selangor. AHP adalah suatu teknik yang dapat memodel sesuatu
keputusan yang meliputi objektif menyeluruh, dalam kajian ini untuk mencari kawasan yang berpotensi berlakunya kebakaran hutan. Tiga kriteria iaitu bahan bakar, bentuk topografi dan faktor manusia telah dipilih untuk membina satu reka bentuk hierarki berstruktur yang setiapnya diberikan pemberat. Kemudian hierarki ini dianalisis melalui satu siri perbandingan berpasangan yang diproses secara matematik dan keutamaan diberikan kepada kedudukan yang tinggi untuk mencapai hasil sumbangan pakar yang terlibat secara langsung dengan operasi pemadaman kebakaran hutan
yang terdiri daripada pegawai Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia juga dinilai dalam model ini. Hasil kajian mendapati 65% daripada keseluruhan Selangor berpotensi rendah untuk terbakar sementara kawasan seluas 32.83 km persegi iaitu di Bestari Jaya, Ulu Tinggi dan Kuala Langat berpotensi melampau terbakar. Paparan maklumat melalui aplikasi WebGIS ini merupakan satu pendekatan terbaik bagi membantu proses membuat keputusan pada tahap keyakinan yang tinggi dan hampir menyamai keadaan sebenar. Agensi yang terlibat dalam pengurusan bencana
seperti Jawatankuasa Pengurusan dan Bantuan Bencana (JPBB) Daerah, Negeri dan Pusat serta Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia dapat menggunakan hasil akhir kajian ini sebagai persediaan menghadapi ancaman kebakaran hutan pada masa akan datang.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Aktiviti guna tanah di kawasan lembangan adalah salah satu faktor yang mendorong kepada kemerosotan kualiti air
sungai akibat daripada hakisan tanih. Potensi hakisan tanih di kawasan lembangan Sungai Bilut, Raub, Pahang yang
menjadi sumber bekalan air minuman utama di daerah Raub boleh ditentukan dengan menggunakan integrasi model
Semakan Semula Persamaan Kehilangan Tanih Universal (RUSLE) dan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS). Kajian ini
bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi hakisan tanih dan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi kadar hakisan tanih. Kajian ini
melibatkan penggunaan data sekunder yang terdiri daripada data hujan, data siri tanih dan topografi bagi menghasilkan
faktor kehakisan hujan (R), kebolehhakisan tanih (K), serta panjang dan kecuraman cerun (LS). Faktor litupan tumbuhan
(C) dan amalan pemuliharaan (P) pula dijana daripada imej satelit Landsat 8 (2014). Keputusan kajian menunjukkan
nilai faktor R di kawasan kajian ialah 8927.68-9775.18 MJ mm ha-1 jam-1 tahun-1, nilai K ialah 0.036-0.500 tan jam-1
MJ-1 mm-1, nilai LS ialah 0-514, nilai C ialah 0.03-0.80 dan nilai P ialah 0.1-0.7. Kawasan yang mempunyai potensi
hakisan sangat rendah hingga rendah meliputi 81%, manakala potensi hakisan tanih sederhana hingga sangat tinggi
meliputi 19% daripada keseluruhan kawasan kajian. Model yang dihasilkan mempunyai ketepatan sebanyak 81%. Faktor
utama yang mempengaruhi berlakunya hakisan tanih di kawasan kajian adalah faktor topografi, litupan tumbuhan dan
kebolehhakisan tanih. Keputusan menunjukkan analisis integrasi RUSLE dan GIS berpotensi dalam penentuan potensi
hakisan tanih untuk kawasan luas yang mempunyai pelbagai jenis guna tanah, topografi dan jenis tanih.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
Rice is one of the vital foods consumed in most countries throughout the world. To estimate the yield, crop counting is used to indicate improper growth, identification of loam land, and control of weeds. It is becoming necessary to grow crops healthy, precisely, and proficiently as the demand increases for food supplies. Traditional counting methods have numerous disadvantages, such as long delay times and high sensitivity, and they are easily disturbed by noise. In this research, the detection and counting of rice plants using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and aerial images with a geographic information system (GIS) are used. The technique is implemented in the area of forty acres of rice crop in Tando Adam, Sindh, Pakistan. To validate the performance of the proposed system, the obtained results are compared with the standard plant count techniques as well as approved by the agronomist after testing soil and monitoring the rice crop count in each acre of land of rice crops. From the results, it is found that the proposed system is precise and detects rice crops accurately, differentiates from other objects, and estimates the soil health based on plant counting data; however, in the case of clusters, the counting is performed in semi-automated mode.
Matched MeSH terms: Geographic Information Systems
This study mainly integrates the mature Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework and recently developed Human-Organization-Technology (HOT) fit model to identify factors that affect the hospital decision in adopting Hospital Information System (HIS).