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Malaysian medical students: intellectual performance and ethnic background

Wagner NN

Br J Med Educ, 1970 Jun;4(2):109-13.
PMID: 5485765
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Fulltext Diet Quality of Malaysians across Lifespan: A Scoping Review of Evidence in a Multi-Ethnic Population

Ramadas A, Tham SM, Lalani SA, Shyam S

Nutrients, 2021 Apr 20;13(4).
PMID: 33924050 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041380

Malaysia is a rapidly developing economy experiencing a nutrition transition. It suffers from a double burden of over- and undernutrition, making it essential to understand diet quality in the population. In this scoping review, we have collated the existing literature on Malaysian diet quality, including factors that influence it, and the association between diet quality and health outcomes across the lifespan of Malaysians. Overall, diet quality was poor in all age groups studied. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and its iterations were predominantly used in urban and clinical settings to evaluate diet-chronic disease relationships. These indices were significantly associated with cardio-metabolic and disease risks in adults. The Diet Diversity Score (DDS) and Food Variety Score (FVS) were used to gauge diet quality in maternal and child nutrition studies and were associated with appropriate growth and caloric intake. Deficiencies were found in fruit, vegetable, legumes, and dairy intake. Meat, salt, and sugar intake were found to be excessive in many studies. The findings can inform policies to improve diet quality in this population. The review also identified knowledge gaps that require further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Fulltext Ethnic Differences in Participation in Medical Check-ups Among the Elderly: Evidence from Malaysia

Cheah YK, Meltzer D

J Gen Intern Med, 2020 09;35(9):2680-2686.
PMID: 32185659 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05766-6

BACKGROUND: There were ethnic differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases among the elderly in Malaysia.
OBJECTIVE: To examine ethnic differences in participation in medical check-ups among the elderly.
DESIGN: A nationally representative data set was employed. Multiple logistic regressions were utilised to examine the relationship between ethnicity and the likelihood of undergoing medical check-ups. The regressions were stratified by age, income, marital status, gender, household location, insurance access and health status. These variables were also controlled for in the regressions (including stratified regressions).
PARTICIPANTS: The respondents were required to be residents of Malaysia and not be institutionalised. Overall, 30,806 individuals were selected to be interviewed, but only 28,650 were actually interviewed, equivalent to a 93% response rate. Of those, only 2248 were used in the analyses, because 26,402 were others or below aged 60.
MAIN MEASURES: The dependent variable was participation in a medical check-up. The main independent variables were the three major ethnic groups in Malaysia (Malay, Chinese, Indian).
KEY RESULTS: Among the elderly aged 70-79 years, Chinese (aOR 1.89; 95% CI 1.28, 2.81) and Indians (aOR 2.39; 95% CI 1.20, 4.74) were more likely to undergo medical check-ups than Malays. Among the elderly with monthly incomes of ≤ RM999, Chinese (aOR 1.44; 95% CI 1.12, 1.85) and Indians (aOR 1.50; 95% CI 0.99, 2.28) were more likely to undergo medical check-ups than Malays. Indian males were more likely to undergo medical check-ups than Malay males (aOR 2.32; 95% CI 1.15, 4.67). Chinese with hypercholesterolaemia (aOR 1.45; 95% CI 1.07, 1.98) and hypertension (aOR 1.32; 95% CI 1.02, 1.72) were more likely to undergo medical check-ups than Malays.
CONCLUSIONS: There were ethnic differences in participation in medical check-ups among the elderly. These ethnic differences varied across age, income, marital status, gender, household location, insurance access and health status.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Malaria and its vectors in Borneo; a study of Borneo's greatest disease problem, and of the mosquitoes responsible for its transmission, throughout North Borneo and Labuan, Sarawak, Brunei and Dutch Borneo, to the end of the first half of the twentieth century

McARTHUR J

Indian J Malariol, 1950 Mar;4(1):1-90.
PMID: 24538665
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Family-centred hospital treatment in the aboriginal people of West Malaysia

Bolton JM

Community Health (Bristol), 1973 Sep-Oct;5(2):70-4.
PMID: 4787593
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Taste-thresholds for phenylthiocarbamide of some population groups. II. The thresholds of two uncivilized ethnic groups living in Malaya

LUGG JW

Ann. Hum. Genet., 1957 Mar;21(3):244-53.
PMID: 13411870
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Taste thresholds for phenylthiocarbamide of some population groups. I The thresholds of some civilized ethnic groups living in Malaya

LUGG JW, WHYTE JM

Ann. Hum. Genet., 1955 Jun;19(4):290-311.
PMID: 14388535
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
The importance of borneo Anopheles; a study of the relative importance of the different species of Borneo Anopheles, from records of 24,000 dissections and other evidence, by observers throughout North Borneo and Labuan, Sarawak, Brunei and Dutch Borneo, 1914-49

McARTHUR J

Indian J Malariol, 1950 Dec;4(4):391-447.
PMID: 14880191
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Differing concepts of settlement patterns: the Malay and Chinese in Malaysia

Evers HD

Ekistics, 1977;44(263):220-5.
PMID: 12262669
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Plasma cholesterol levels in first, second and third generation Chinese and Tamil Indians in Singapore

DAVIES TA, WILLSHER JD

Med J Malaya, 1961 Mar;15:97-101.
PMID: 13883856
Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
No effect of monosodium glutamate on subjective appetite and subsequent energy intake in children of different ethnicities

Lim SY, Dora R, Yatiman NH, Wong JE, Haron H, Poh BK

Appetite, 2021 12 01;167:105629.
PMID: 34364967 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105629

Studies have shown that monosodium glutamate (MSG) can enhance satiety and reduce appetite among infants and adults. In a multi-ethnic country such as Malaysia, it is also important to consider whether ethnic variations will influence the effects of MSG on appetite regulation. Thus, this crossover study aimed to investigate the effects of MSG on the subjective appetite and subsequent energy intake among Malaysian children from the three major ethnic groups, namely the Malays, Chinese and Indians. A total of 92 participants aged 9-11 years from the three ethnic groups were recruited for this study. A cup of low-energy vegetable preload soup (100g, with MSG or without MSG) was served to each of the participants on the day of the study, followed by an ad libitum meal 45 min later. Appetite ratings of hunger, fullness, desire to eat and desire to snack were recorded using visual analogue scale (VAS) before the preload, after the preload, before the ad libitum meal and after the ad libitum meal. Results showed that the subjective appetite of the children did not differ between preload conditions (MSG+ or MSG-) throughout the study. Malay, Chinese and Indian children had similar total energy intake during the subsequent meal after the consumption of preload soups. In conclusion, the addition of MSG to low energy preload neither influenced the perception of appetite nor total energy intake in a subsequent ad libitum meal among children. No difference attributable to the participants' ethnicity was observed. Future studies should be conducted to examine whether repeated ingestion of MSG-containing protein-rich preload has potential longer-term effects on appetite and subsequent meal intakes among children from different ethnicities.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Fulltext Diseases among Orang Asli community in Malaysia: a systematic review

Mahmud MH, Baharudin UM, Md Isa Z

BMC Public Health, 2022 Nov 16;22(1):2090.
PMID: 36384509 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14449-2

Orang Asli, the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia, is a minority population and placed behind in terms of socioeconomy, education and health. The Malaysian government has supported Orang Asli since the second Malaysia Plan in the 1970s, resulting in changes in their living standard, access to health, education and occupation. Hence, this review aims to assess the recent prevalence of diseases among Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) review protocol guided this systematic review. The research question was formulated based on Population, Interest, Comparison and Outcome (PICO). The selected databases include Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid and EBSCOhost. The process of identification, screening and inclusion identified 33 articles. The mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) was then used to rank the quality of the articles. Selangor is the most frequent state involved in this review (12 studies), followed by Perak (10 studies), Pahang (10 studies) and Kedah (one study). We categorised into four categories of diseases, namely neglected tropical disease (n = 20), non-communicable disease (n = 6), nutritional status (n = 5), and hepatic disease (n = 2). The prevalence of diseases among Orang Asli is higher than in the general population, especially for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) and malnutrition. There is increasing research on non-communicable diseases due to an increasing trend in the socioeconomic status and lifestyle of the Orang Asli. Government agencies and private organisations must work together to empower Orang Asli with a healthy lifestyle, improve their socioeconomic status, and enhance food security, all of which will improve Orang Asli's health and reduce the prevalence of diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Associations between weight status, body satisfaction, ethnic identity and self-esteem in Oceanian adolescents

Frayon S, Swami V, Wattelez G, Todd J, Galy O

Pediatr Obes, 2021 12;16(12):e12824.
PMID: 34184838 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12824

BACKGROUND: Self-esteem has consistently been observed to be relatively low in adolescents with obesity. In the Pacific region, the prevalence of obesity in adolescence is high, but few studies have considered issues of self-esteem in this population.
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between weight status, body dissatisfaction and self-esteem in a sample of New Caledonian adolescents and to test for moderation effects of ethnicity on predictors of self-esteem.
METHODS: Objective anthropometric measures (height, weight, waist circumference and thickness of skinfolds) were obtained in a multi-ethnic sample of New Caledonian adolescents. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio and the sum of four skinfolds thickness were used as proxies of weight status. Indices of ethnic identity, self-esteem, socio-demographic data (socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender, urbanicity of residence) and body dissatisfaction were obtained using survey methods.
RESULTS: Between-group analyses indicated that adolescents of European/white origin had significantly higher self-esteem than adolescents with Oceanian Non-European Non-Asian ancestry (ONENA). However, low self-esteem was significantly associated with weight status and body dissatisfactions in European/white adolescents but not ONENA adolescents. Ethnicity moderated the relationships of predictors (BMI z-score, body dissatisfaction, age, urbanicity and ethnic identity) on self-esteem, and the strongest predictors of self-esteem were ethnicity and ethnic identity.
CONCLUSIONS: While self-esteem has important consequences for adolescent well-being and health outcomes, these results highlight the importance of applying different steps to develop and maintain healthy self-esteem in the Pacific region.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Fulltext Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption in a Multi-Ethnic Population of Young Men and Association with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Obesity

AlTamimi JZ, Alshwaiyat NM, Alkhalidy H, AlKehayez NM, Alagal RI, Alsaikan RA, et al.

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023 Mar 09;20(6).
PMID: 36981770 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064861

Sugar-sweetened beverages are frequently consumed among adults and are linked with the incidence of obesity. We aimed to determine rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake in a multi-ethnic population of young men and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and obesity. This cross-sectional study included 3600 young men who lived in Riyadh, KSA. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics and frequency of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were gathered through personal interviews. The outcome variables in this study are based on the weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Weight and height were measured following standard protocols. The rates of weekly and daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake by participants were 93.6% and 40.8%, respectively. Nationality was a predictor of weekly and daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. The highest rates of weekly (99.5%) and daily (63.9%) consumption were observed in subjects from the Philippines and Yemen, respectively, while Bangladeshi subjects had the lowest rates of weekly (76.9%) and daily (6.9%) consumption. Obesity was another predictor of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption. Obese participants had a significantly higher odds ratio of weekly sugar-sweetened beverage consumption than non-obese subjects (OR = 4.53, p = 0.037). In conclusion, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption was relatively high and our results support an association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and certain sociodemographic variables and obesity.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Does Active Aging Reduce Mortality Risk Among Older Adults? A Survival Analysis in Malaysia

Tan CL, Hairi NN, Awang H

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2023 Jul;35(5):366-372.
PMID: 37231655 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231176613

Active aging is important for promoting the health, wellbeing, and participation of older adults. This study investigated the association between active aging and mortality risk among 2 230 respondents aged 60 and older. Principal component analysis extracted a five-factor structure from 15 indicators of active aging. The mean active aging score was 55.57 and the median was 53.33. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed that individuals with active aging scores of 53.33 and above had significantly longer survival than those below the median. Cox regression analysis indicated the significance of active aging in reducing mortality risk by 2.5% after adjusting for sex, marital status, age, ethnicity, chronic diseases, and risk factors. The active aging approach comprising health, economic, and social factors is crucial in improving survival among older adults. Hence, policies and programs that promote active aging should be encouraged to enhance the health and wellbeing of older adults and their engagement in society.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
American Muslim Engagement With Advance Care Planning: Insights From a Community Survey

Yunus RM, Duivenbode R, Padela AI

Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 2024 Apr;41(4):405-413.
PMID: 37641456 DOI: 10.1177/10499091231198216

Background and Objectives: Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a critical tool in advancing patient self-determination in health care delivery. Despite increasing research into racial/ethnic minorities' engagement with ACP in the US, studies on Muslim Americans are relatively scarce. We aimed to examine levels of ACP engagement among Muslim adults and measure associations between socio-demographic and religiosity characteristics and ACP engagement. Methodology: This was a survey study among Muslims attending mosque seminars in Chicago and Washington DC. Religiosity characteristics were assessed using a modified version of the Duke University Religion Index (DUREL) and the Psychological Measure of Islamic Religiousness (PMIR). ACP engagement was measured by the 4-item ACP Engagement Survey (4-ACPES) and 2 additional items covering ACP religious dimensions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 28.0. Results: Out of 152 respondents, 56.2% to 72.6% were in the pre-contemplation stage of ACP across the 6 ACP items. Bivariate analyses showed that ACP engagement was correlated with participant age, ethnicity, duration of stay in the US and country of birth. Multivariable analyses demonstrated no association between religiosity characteristics and ACP engagement; independent predictors of ACP engagement were race/ethnicity (being South Asian), country of birth (born outside the US) and duration of stay in the US (longer years). Discussion/Conclusion: Our study suggests that American Muslims are largely unprepared to engage with ACP. Moreover, religiosity does not predict ACP engagement. We call for greater community outreach and educational programs that instill awareness and knowledge on the importance of ACP, and provide resources for tailored religiously-oriented conversations that assist individuals with ACP.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups/psychology
An examination of procrastination in a multi-ethnic population of adolescents from New Caledonia

Frayon S, Swami V, Wattelez G, Nedjar-Guerre A, Galy O

BMC Psychol, 2023 Jan 02;11(1):1.
PMID: 36593477 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-01032-y

BACKGROUND: Although procrastination has been widely studied in adults, comparatively little work has focused on adolescent procrastination, especially in the Pacific region. As a contribution to knowledge and diversification of population sampling, therefore, we examined procrastination in a multi-ethnic sample of adolescents from New Caledonia. Specifically, we examined gender and ethnic differences in procrastination, as well as sociodemographic and ethnic identity predictors of procrastination.
METHODS: 927 adolescents (474 boys, 453 girls; age M = 13.2 years) completed measures of procrastination and ethnic identity, and reported their ethnicity (Kanak vs. Polynesian vs. European). Sociodemographic data (sex, age, area of residence and socioeconomic status) were also collected.
RESULTS: An analysis of variance indicated significant ethnic (Kanak and Polynesian adolescents had higher procrastination than European adolescents) and sex differences (girls had higher procrastination than boys), but no significant interaction. Regression analysis showed that higher procrastination was significantly associated with sex, ethnicity, age, and the interaction between ethnicity and ethnic identity. Moderation analysis showed that ethnic identity moderated the relationship between ethnicity and procrastination, but only in Kanak adolescents.
CONCLUSION: Relatively high levels of procrastination were observed in Kanak and Polynesian adolescents, and in girls. These findings, while preliminary, may have important implications for academic attainment in the New Caledonian context.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups*
Genetic Association of TCF4 and AKT1 Gene Variants with the Age at Onset of Schizophrenia

Chow TJ, Tee SF, Yong HS, Tang PY

Neuropsychobiology, 2016;73(4):233-240.
PMID: 27305091

Age at onset (AAO) is a known prognostic indicator for schizophrenia and is hypothesized to correlate with cognition and symptom severity. TCF4 and AKT1 are schizophrenia risk genes involved in cognitive functions. The current study examined the interactive effects of TCF4 and AKT1 variants with gender, family history of psychiatric disorders and ethnicity on the AAO of schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Urinary NMR-based metabolomic analysis of rats possessing variable sperm count following orally administered Eurycoma longifolia extracts of different quassinoid levels

Ebrahimi F, Ibrahim B, Teh CH, Murugaiyah V, Chan KL

J Ethnopharmacol, 2016 Apr 22;182:80-9.
PMID: 26899442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.015

Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali, TA) roots have been ethnically used as a remedy to boost male sexual desire, libido, energy and fertility.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups
Birth trauma and nasal septal deformity in neonates

Saim L, Said H

J Singapore Paediatr Soc, 1992;34(3-4):199-204.
PMID: 1305661

The prevalence of nasal septal deformity and its relationship with the different types and difficulty of delivery were studied in a randomised group of newborns at the Maternity Hospital Kuala Lumpur between 1st November 1989 to 31st January 1990. Out of a total of 674 noses examined using the otoscope, 147 (21.8%) were found to have nasal septal deformity. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of nasal septal deformity in the different types of delivery. There was also no significant increase in the prevalence of nasal septal deformity with increasing degree of difficulty of the delivery. Therefore, we cannot then attribute parturition pressures or birth trauma as the etiology of these congenital nasal septal deformity. Nevertheless a policy of routine screening in view of early correction is advocated to decrease the morbidity associated with this deformity in newborns and children.

Matched MeSH terms: Ethnic Groups

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