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Fulltext Effect of reconstruction parameters on cone beam CT trabecular bone microstructure quantification in sheep

Muhammad AMA, Ibrahim N, Ahmad R, Asif MK, Radzi Z, Zaini ZM, et al.

BMC Oral Health, 2020 02 10;20(1):48.
PMID: 32041589 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1035-7

BACKGROUND: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a reliable radiographic modality to assess trabecular bone microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of CBCT image reconstruction parameters, namely, the threshold value and reconstruction voxel size, on trabecular bone microstructure assessment.
METHODS: Five sectioned maxilla of adult Dorper male sheep were scanned using a CBCT system with a resolution of 76 μm3 (Kodak 9000). The CBCT images were reconstructed using different reconstruction parameters and analysed. The effect of reconstruction voxel size (76, 100 and 200 μm3) and threshold values (±15% from the global threshold value) on trabecular bone microstructure measurement was assessed using image analysis software (CT analyser version 1.15).
RESULTS: There was no significant difference in trabecular bone microstructure measurement between the reconstruction voxel sizes, but a significant difference (Tb.N = 0.03, Tb.Sp = 0.04, Tb.Th = 0.01, BV/TV = 0.00) was apparent when the global threshold value was decreased by 15%.
CONCLUSIONS: Trabecular bone microstructure measurements are not compromised by changing the CBCT reconstruction voxel size. However, measurements can be affected when applying a threshold value of less than 15% of the recommended global value.

Matched MeSH terms: Cancellous Bone/diagnostic imaging*
Fulltext The Lancet Commission on diagnostics: transforming access to diagnostics

Fleming KA, Horton S, Wilson ML, Atun R, DeStigter K, Flanigan J, et al.

Lancet, 2021 Nov 27;398(10315):1997-2050.
PMID: 34626542 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00673-5
Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging*
Fulltext 3D printing in medical imaging and healthcare services

Abdullah KA, Reed W

J Med Radiat Sci, 2018 Sep;65(3):237-239.
PMID: 29971971 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.292

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has demonstrated a huge potential for the future of medicine. Since its introduction, it has been used in various areas, for example building anatomical models, personalising medical devices and implants, aiding in precision medical interventions and the latest development, 3D bioprinting. This commentary is provided to outline the current use of 3D printing in medical imaging and its future directions for advancing the healthcare services.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging/methods*
Image analysis procedure for the optical scanning of fine-root dynamics: errors depending on the observer and root-viewing window size

Kume T, Ohashi M, Makita N, Kho LK, Katayama A, Endo I, et al.

Tree Physiol, 2018 12 01;38(12):1927-1938.
PMID: 30452737 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy124

Clarifying the dynamics of fine roots is critical to understanding carbon and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. An optical scanner can potentially be used in studying fine-root dynamics in forest ecosystems. The present study examined image analysis procedures suitable for an optical scanner having a large (210 mm × 297 mm) root-viewing window. We proposed a protocol for analyzing whole soil images obtained by an optical scanner that cover depths of 0-210 mm. We tested our protocol using six observers with different experience in studying roots. The observers obtained data from the manual digitization of sequential soil images recorded for a Bornean tropical forest according to the protocol. Additionally, the study examined the potential tradeoff between the soil image size and accuracy of estimates of fine-root dynamics in a simple exercise. The six observers learned the protocol and obtained similar temporal patterns of fine-root growth and biomass with error of 10-20% regardless of their experience. However, there were large errors in decomposition owing to the low visibility of decomposed fine roots. The simple exercise revealed that a smaller root-viewing window (smaller than 60% of the original window) produces patterns of fine-root dynamics that are different from those for the original window size. The study showed the high applicability of our image analysis approach for whole soil images taken by optical scanners in estimating the fine-root dynamics of forest ecosystems.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging/methods
Fulltext Watermarking techniques used in medical images: a survey

Mousavi SM, Naghsh A, Abu-Bakar SA

J Digit Imaging, 2014 Dec;27(6):714-29.
PMID: 24871349 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-014-9700-5

The ever-growing numbers of medical digital images and the need to share them among specialists and hospitals for better and more accurate diagnosis require that patients' privacy be protected. As a result of this, there is a need for medical image watermarking (MIW). However, MIW needs to be performed with special care for two reasons. Firstly, the watermarking procedure cannot compromise the quality of the image. Secondly, confidential patient information embedded within the image should be flawlessly retrievable without risk of error after image decompressing. Despite extensive research undertaken in this area, there is still no method available to fulfill all the requirements of MIW. This paper aims to provide a useful survey on watermarking and offer a clear perspective for interested researchers by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of different existing methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging/standards*
A systematic literature review on unnecessary diagnostic testing: The role of ICT use

Bai L, Gao S, Burstein F, Kerr D, Buntine P, Law N

Int J Med Inform, 2020 11;143:104269.
PMID: 32927268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104269

BACKGROUND: The negative impact of unnecessary diagnostic tests on healthcare systems and patients has been widely recognized. Medical researchers in various countries have been devoting effort to reduce unnecessary diagnostic tests by using different types of interventions, including information and communications technology-based (ICT-based) intervention, educational intervention, audit and feedback, the introduction of guidelines or protocols, and the reward and punishment of staff. We conducted a review of ICT based interventions and a comparative analysis of their relative effectiveness in reducing unnecessary tests.
METHOD: A systematic Boolean search in PubMed, EMBase and EBSCOhost research databases was performed. Keyword search and citation analysis were also conducted. Empirical studies reporting ICT based interventions, and their implications on relative effectiveness in reducing unnecessary diagnostic tests (pathology tests or medical imaging) were evaluated independently by two reviewers based on a rigorously developed coding protocol.
RESULTS: 92 research articles from peer-reviewed journals were identified as eligible. 47 studies involved a single-method intervention and 45 involved multi-method interventions. Regardless of the number of interventions involved in the studies, ICT-based interventions were utilized by 71 studies and 59 of them were shown to be effective in reducing unnecessary testing. A clinical decision support (CDS) tool appeared to be the most adopted ICT approach, with 46 out of 71 studies using CDS tools. The CDS tool showed effectiveness in reducing test volume in 38 studies and reducing cost in 24 studies.
CONCLUSIONS: This review investigated five frequently utilized intervention methods, ICT-based, education, introduction of guidelines or protocols, audit and feedback, and reward and punishment. It provides in-depth analysis of the efficacy of different types of interventions and sheds insights about the benefits of ICT based interventions, especially those utilising CDS tools, to reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing. The replicability of the studies is limited due to the heterogeneity of the studies in terms of context, study design, and targeted types of tests.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Fulltext Microwave Breast Imaging Using Compressed Sensing Approach of Iteratively Corrected Delay Multiply and Sum Beamforming

Islam MT, Islam MT, Samsuzzaman M, Kibria S, Chowdhury MEH

Diagnostics (Basel), 2021 Mar 08;11(3).
PMID: 33800188 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030470

Microwave imaging (MI) is a consistent health monitoring technique that can play a vital role in diagnosing anomalies in the breast. The reliability of biomedical imaging diagnosis is substantially dependent on the imaging algorithm. Widely used delay and sum (DAS)-based diagnosis algorithms suffer from some significant drawbacks. The delay multiply and sum (DMAS) is an improved method and has benefits over DAS in terms of greater contrast and better resolution. However, the main drawback of DMAS is its excessive computational complexity. This paper presents a compressed sensing (CS) approach of iteratively corrected DMAS (CS-ICDMAS) beamforming that reduces the channel calculation and computation time while maintaining image quality. The array setup for acquiring data comprised 16 Vivaldi antennas with a bandwidth of 2.70-11.20 GHz. The power of all the channels was calculated and low power channels were eliminated based on the compression factor. The algorithm involves data-independent techniques that eliminate multiple reflections. This can generate results similar to the uncompressed variants in a significantly lower time which is essential for real-time applications. This paper also investigates the experimental data that prove the enhanced performance of the algorithm.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Fulltext Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of Breast Presenting with Left Sterno-chondral Junction Swelling. A Case Report

Amran, A.R., Azlin Saat, Cheung, H.S.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(2):1-8.
MyJurnal

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the breast is less common than Invasive Ductal Carcinoma and the presentation can be different from other types of breast carcinomas. It can present as diffuse swelling or thickening of breast rather than a mass. Sometimes, it can present as metastatic deposits from a very small primary breast lesion. These make the diagnosis of this type of breast carcinoma difficult and challenging for the radiologist and surgeon. We describe a case of Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the breast, which presented with a left sterno-chondral metastasis and discuss the imaging findings and treatment of this condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Carbon dots: emerging theranostic nanoarchitectures

Mishra V, Patil A, Thakur S, Kesharwani P

Drug Discov Today, 2018 06;23(6):1219-1232.
PMID: 29366761 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.01.006

Nanotechnology has gained significant interest from biomedical and analytical researchers in recent years. Carbon dots (C-dots), a new member of the carbon nanomaterial family, are spherical, nontoxic, biocompatible, and discrete particles less than 10nm in diameter. Research interest has focused on C-dots because of their ultra-compact nanosize, favorable biocompatibility, outstanding photoluminescence, superior electron transfer ability, and versatile surface engineering properties. C-dots show significant potential for use in cellular imaging, biosensing, targeted drug delivery, and other biomedical applications. Here we discuss C-dots, in terms of their physicochemical properties, fabrication techniques, toxicity issues, surface engineering and biomedical potential in drug delivery, targeting as well as bioimaging.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Fulltext Imaging recommendations and algorithms for pediatric tuberculosis: part 1-thoracic tuberculosis

Concepcion NDP, Laya BF, Andronikou S, Abdul Manaf Z, Atienza MIM, Sodhi KS

Pediatr Radiol, 2023 Aug;53(9):1773-1781.
PMID: 37081179 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05654-1

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health problem and is the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, behind the novel coronavirus disease of 2019. Children are amongst the most vulnerable groups affected by TB, and imaging manifestations are different in children when compared to adults. TB primarily involves the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes. Clinical history, physical examination, laboratory examinations and various medical imaging tools are combined to establish the diagnosis. Even though chest radiography is the accepted initial radiological imaging modality for the evaluation of children with TB, this paper, the first of two parts, aims to discuss the advantages and limitations of the various medical imaging modalities and to provide recommendations on which is most appropriate for the initial diagnosis and assessment of possible complications of pulmonary TB in children. Practical, evidence-based imaging algorithms are also presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Fulltext Analysis of DICOM Image Compression Alternative Using Huffman Coding

Rahmat RF, Andreas TSM, Fahmi F, Pasha MF, Alzahrani MY, Budiarto R

J Healthc Eng, 2019;2019:5810540.
PMID: 31316743 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5810540

Compression, in general, aims to reduce file size, with or without decreasing data quality of the original file. Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) is a medical imaging file standard used to store multiple information such as patient data, imaging procedures, and the image itself. With the rising usage of medical imaging in clinical diagnosis, there is a need for a fast and secure method to share large number of medical images between healthcare practitioners, and compression has always been an option. This work analyses the Huffman coding compression method, one of the lossless compression techniques, as an alternative method to compress a DICOM file in open PACS settings. The idea of the Huffman coding compression method is to provide codeword with less number of bits for the symbol that has a higher value of byte frequency distribution. Experiments using different type of DICOM images are conducted, and the analysis on the performances in terms of compression ratio and compression/decompression time, as well as security, is provided. The experimental results showed that the Huffman coding technique has the capability to compress the DICOM file up to 1 : 3.7010 ratio and up to 72.98% space savings.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Fulltext Classification of reflected signals from cavitated tooth surfaces using an artificial intelligence technique incorporating a fiber optic displacement sensor

Rahman HA, Harun SW, Arof H, Irawati N, Musirin I, Ibrahim F, et al.

J Biomed Opt, 2014 May;19(5):057009.
PMID: 24839996 DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.19.5.057009

An enhanced dental cavity diameter measurement mechanism using an intensity-modulated fiber optic displacement sensor (FODS) scanning and imaging system, fuzzy logic as well as a single-layer perceptron (SLP) neural network, is presented. The SLP network was employed for the classification of the reflected signals, which were obtained from the surfaces of teeth samples and captured using FODS. Two features were used for the classification of the reflected signals with one of them being the output of a fuzzy logic. The test results showed that the combined fuzzy logic and SLP network methodology contributed to a 100% classification accuracy of the network. The high-classification accuracy significantly demonstrates the suitability of the proposed features and classification using SLP networks for classifying the reflected signals from teeth surfaces, enabling the sensor to accurately measure small diameters of tooth cavity of up to 0.6 mm. The method remains simple enough to allow its easy integration in existing dental restoration support systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation; Diagnostic Imaging/methods
Reflection coefficient detection of simulation models for microwave imaging simulation system

Chew KM, Sudirman R, Seman N, Yong CY

Biomed Mater Eng, 2014;24(1):199-207.
PMID: 24211899 DOI: 10.3233/BME-130800

The study was conducted based on two objectives as framework. The first objective is to determine the point of microwave signal reflection while penetrating into the simulation models and, the second objective is to analyze the reflection pattern when the signal penetrate into the layers with different relative permittivity, εr. Thus, several microwave models were developed to make a close proximity of the in vivo human brain. The study proposed two different layers on two different characteristics models. The radii on the second layer and the corresponding antenna positions are the factors for both models. The radii for model 1 is 60 mm with an antenna position of 10 mm away, in contrast, model 2 is 10 mm larger in size with a closely adapted antenna without any gap. The layers of the models were developed with different combination of materials such as Oil, Sandy Soil, Brain, Glycerin and Water. Results show the combination of Glycerin + Brain and Brain + Sandy Soil are the best proximity of the in vivo human brain grey and white matter. The results could benefit subsequent studies for further enhancement and development of the models.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation; Diagnostic Imaging/methods*
Diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy: automatic extraction of optic disc and exudates from retinal images using marker-controlled watershed transformation

Reza AW, Eswaran C, Dimyati K

J Med Syst, 2011 Dec;35(6):1491-501.
PMID: 20703768 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-009-9426-y

Due to increasing number of diabetic retinopathy cases, ophthalmologists are experiencing serious problem to automatically extract the features from the retinal images. Optic disc (OD), exudates, and cotton wool spots are the main features of fundus images which are used for diagnosing eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. In this paper, a new algorithm for the extraction of these bright objects from fundus images based on marker-controlled watershed segmentation is presented. The proposed algorithm makes use of average filtering and contrast adjustment as preprocessing steps. The concept of the markers is used to modify the gradient before the watershed transformation is applied. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using the test images of STARE and DRIVE databases. It is shown that the proposed method can yield an average sensitivity value of about 95%, which is comparable to those obtained by the known methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging/instrumentation; Diagnostic Imaging/methods
Fulltext A Rare Intraorbital Mass: An Isolated Mucocele

Che Mat CMH, Mustapha F, Noor RM, Ramli R, Mohamad I

Medeni Med J, 2020;35(4):344-348.
PMID: 33717628 DOI: 10.5222/MMJ.2020.01057

Mucocele is a mucous filled benign cystic lesion. It develops due to obstruction of any natural os-tium of the paranasal sinus. Even though being benign, it has capability to erode and cause thinning the adjacent bony structures. Isolated intraorbital mucocele without paranasal sinus disease is a rare condition. We present a 39-year-old female patient with right medial canthal swelling without any nasal symptoms, and normal nasoendoscopic finding. Imaging revealed the lesion as a right ethmoidal mucocele with normal paranasal sinuses. However intraoperatively, it was an isolated intraorbital lesion, lateral to lamina papyracea with thick-yellowish mucin discharge.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Sim-to-Real: Employing ultrasonic guided wave digital surrogates and transfer learning for damage visualization

Alguri KS, Chia CC, Harley JB

Ultrasonics, 2021 Mar;111:106338.
PMID: 33338729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2020.106338

Wavefield imaging is a powerful visualization tool in nondestructive evaluation for studying ultrasonic wave propagation and its interactions with damage. To isolate and study damage scattering, damage-free baseline data is often subtracted from a wavefield. This is often necessary because the damage wavefield can be orders of magnitude weaker than the incident waves. Yet, baselines are not always accessible. When the baselines are accessible, the experimental conditions for the baseline and test data must be extremely similar. Researchers have created several baseline-free approaches for isolating damage wavefields, but these often rely on specific experimental setups. In this paper, we discuss a flexible approach based on ultrasonic guided wave digital surrogates (i.e., numerical simulations of incident waves) and transfer learning. We demonstrate this approach with two setups. We first isolate reflections from a circular, 2 mm diameter half-thickness hole on a 10 × 10 cm steel plate. We then isolate 8 circular, half-thickness holes of various diameters from 1 mm to 40 mm on a 60 × 60 cm steel plate. The second plate has a non-square geometry and the data has multi-path reflections. With both data sets, we isolate damage reflections without explicit experimental baselines. We also briefly illustrate the comparison of our dictionary learning method with wavenumber filtering technique which is often used to enhance the defect wavefields.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
A case of atypical imaging of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in an adolescent: A diagnostic challenge

Teo SW, Noorafidah MD, Laili SAL

Med J Malaysia, 2020 03;75(2):175-177.
PMID: 32281604

Nasopharyngeal mass in paediatric population is usually benign and malignant nasopharyngeal tumours such as carcinoma is rare. We report a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in an adolescent with atypical imaging findings that mimicked a benign mass. This highlights the importance of a comprehensive review on the distinctive radiographic features of paediatric nasopharyngeal mass. We discuss the imaging features of NPC in the paediatric group, which differ from the elderly patients. By recognising these distinctive imaging features, it may help in diagnosing typical case. This case report serves as a reminder that NPC, despite being uncommon, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a juvenile nasopharyngeal mass.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Fulltext Posterior Fossa Intradiploic Epidermoid Cyst: A case report

Ng, Wei Ping, Liew, BS, Gee, TS, Azmin KR

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2015;14(2):67-70.
MyJurnal

Epidermoid cysts are rare, benign congenital tumours of ectodermal origin which typically present between
the third to fifth decade. These tumours comprise approximately 0.2-1.8% of all intracranial tumours. Though
these pearly tumours are potentially curable, subtotal resection may lead to catastrophic complications such as
recurrence, granulomatous meningitis and carcinomatous degeneration of cyst wall. We herein report the case
of a 36-year-old man who presented with an unusual mixed density posterior fossa epidermoid cyst on imaging
studies. Total removal not only cures both tumour and seizure attack in this case but also preserves patient’s
neurological function.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Fulltext Role of Penile Doppler as a Diagnostic Tool in Penile Fracture

Hassali MA, Nouri AI, Hamzah AA, Verma AK

J Med Ultrasound, 2018 03 28;26(1):48-51.
PMID: 30065514 DOI: 10.4103/JMU.JMU_9_18

Penile fracture is defined as a traumatic rupture of either corpus cavernosum or the tunica albuginea; sometimes it can be both. It may be caused by exotic masturbation acts, sexual intercourse, or other trauma to this area. This can be accompanied by injury to the urethra, which is the cause of hematuria as a symptom for some patients. Typically, diagnosis of penile rupture or fracture depends on clinical examination and history told by the patients. We are stating the importance of medical imaging in the diagnosis of patients with penile fracture by presenting a case of patient suffered from penile fracture after a fall on his penis where it affected the erection of two-third of his penis. In which, the proper diagnosis by imaging studies and taking actions accordingly can save the patients from unnecessary surgeries that indeed increase the bill of the medical care directly and indirectly. Therefore, most patients can be diagnosed cost-effectively and treated surgically without a need to delay surgery, which is often the case if one was to resort to other investigations. Investigations such as retrograde urethrography for suspected urethral injury should only be used when the diagnosis of penile fracture is in doubt.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging
Aligning Islamic Spirituality to Medical Imaging

Zainuddin ZI

J Relig Health, 2017 Oct;56(5):1605-1619.
PMID: 26058599 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0074-x

This paper attempts to conceptualize Islamic spirituality in medical imaging that deals with the humanistic and technical dimensions. It begins with establishing an understanding concerning spirituality, an area that now accepted as part of patient-centred care. This is followed by discussions pertaining to Islamic spirituality, related to the practitioner, patient care and the practice. Possible avenues towards applying Islamic spirituality in medical imaging are proposed. It is hoped that the resultant harmonization between Islamic spirituality and the practice will trigger awareness and interests pertaining to the role of a Muslim practitioner in advocating and enhancing Islamic spirituality.

Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic Imaging

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