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Fulltext Effects of different drying methods and hydrocolloids on quality properties of semi-dried catfish jerky

Ishamri Ismail, Nur Husna Mohd Fauzi, Mastura Zahidi Baki, Ho, Lee Hoon

Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 2018;2(1):11-18.
MyJurnal

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different drying methods (sun drying, cabinet
drying and convection oven) and hydrocolloids (carrageenan and alginate) on physicochemical
properties of semi-dried catfish jerky. The concentration of hydrocolloids used was 1% and 2%.
Samples without the addition of hydrocolloid served as the control group. The water activity of semidried catfish jerky decreased with the addition of hydrocolloids. For colour properties, lightness (L*)
value of semi-dried catfish jerky increased with the increased concentration of hydrocolloids. The
addition of 2% alginate (2%A) and 2% carrageenan (2%C) showed higher lightness (L*) than the
controlled group for all drying methods, except for sun drying with carrageenan. Both carrageenan and
alginate added into semi-dried catfish jerky increased the processing yields. The addition of 2%
carrageenan (2%C) and 1% alginate (1%A) improved the product yields for all drying methods. This
paper argues that the application of cabinet dryer gives better shelf stability due to the lower range of
water activity than other drying methods while preserving colour quality and product yields.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The efficacy of simulation training in airway management during resuscitation at red zone among final year nursing students Kota Kinabalu Training Institute

Fidelia Ferderik Anis, Mazlinda Musa, Aini Ahmad

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):73-73.
MyJurnal

Introduction:Simulation training in airway management among nursing students was recommended to enhance skills, knowledge and confidence during their clinical attachment in the Emergency Department but the efficacy was not being explored adequately. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of simulation training in airway management among final year nursing student Kota Kinabalu Training Institute (KKTI). Methods: This was quasi-experimental research design, which the participant was divided into test and control group without random-ization. A sample of forty final year nursing students was selected for this study. This was a comparative study in-volving twenty KKTI final year nursing students (test group) with simulation versus twenty final year nursing students (control group) without simulation on airway before and after posted to Emergency and Trauma Department (ETD). Two instruments were used, i) Pretest/posttest survey design by Porter et al (2013), and; ii) The Simulation Efficacy Tool-Modified (SET-M). SPSS version 24 Independent T test was used to analyse the mean score between the groups. Results: Levene’s test for equality of variance shown significant (t= -.005, df = 38, p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Auditory sensory gating in Huffaz using an auditory brainstem response with a psychological task: A preliminary investigation

Dzulkarnain AAA, Azizi AK, Sulaiman NH

J Taibah Univ Med Sci, 2020 Dec;15(6):495-501.
PMID: 33318741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.08.007

Objective: This study aims to investigate the auditory sensory gating capacity in Huffaz using an auditory brainstem response (ABR) test with and without psychological tasks.
Methods: Twenty-three participants were recruited for this study. The participants were comprised of 11 Huffaz who memorized 30 chapters of the Islamic Scripture (from the Quran) and 12 non-Huffaz as the control group. All participants had normal hearing perception and underwent an ABR test with and without psychological tasks. The ABR was elicited at 70 dB nHL using a 3000 Hz tone burst stimulus with a 2-0-2 cycle at a stimulus repetition rate of 40 Hz. The ABR wave V amplitude and latencies were measured and statistically compared. A forward digit span test was also conducted to determine participants' working memory capacity.
Results: There were no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies between Huffaz and non-Huffaz in ABR with and without psychological tasks. There were also no significant differences in the ABR wave V amplitudes and latencies in both groups of ABR with and without psychological tasks. In addition, no significant differences were identified in the digit span working memory score between both groups.
Conclusions: In this study, based on the ABR findings, Huffaz showed the same auditory sensory gating capacity as the non-Huffaz group. The ABR result was consistent with the digit span working memory test score. This finding implies that both groups have similar working memory performance. However, the conclusion is limited to the specific assessment method that we used in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Identifying Significant Metabolic Pathways Using Multi-Block Partial Least-Squares Analysis

Deng L, Guo F, Cheng KK, Zhu J, Gu H, Raftery D, et al.

J Proteome Res, 2020 05 01;19(5):1965-1974.
PMID: 32174118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00793

In metabolomics, identification of metabolic pathways altered by disease, genetics, or environmental perturbations is crucial to uncover the underlying biological mechanisms. A number of pathway analysis methods are currently available, which are generally based on equal-probability, topological-centrality, or model-separability methods. In brief, prior identification of significant metabolites is needed for the first two types of methods, while each pathway is modeled separately in the model-separability-based methods. In these methods, interactions between metabolic pathways are not taken into consideration. The current study aims to develop a novel metabolic pathway identification method based on multi-block partial least squares (MB-PLS) analysis by including all pathways into a global model to facilitate biological interpretation. The detected metabolites are first assigned to pathway blocks based on their roles in metabolism as defined by the KEGG pathway database. The metabolite intensity or concentration data matrix is then reconstructed as data blocks according to the metabolite subsets. Then, a MB-PLS model is built on these data blocks. A new metric, named the pathway importance in projection (PIP), is proposed for evaluation of the significance of each metabolic pathway for group separation. A simulated dataset was generated by imposing artificial perturbation on four pre-defined pathways of the healthy control group of a colorectal cancer study. Performance of the proposed method was evaluated and compared with seven other commonly used methods using both an actual metabolomics dataset and the simulated dataset. For the real metabolomics dataset, most of the significant pathways identified by the proposed method were found to be consistent with the published literature. For the simulated dataset, the significant pathways identified by the proposed method are highly consistent with the pre-defined pathways. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for identification of significant metabolic pathways, which may facilitate biological interpretation of metabolomics data.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
The impact of adult trauma triage training on decision-making skills and accuracy of triage decision at emergency departments in Malaysia: A randomized control trial

Ghazali SA, Abdullah KL, Moy FM, Ahmad R, Hussin EOD

Int Emerg Nurs, 2020 07;51:100889.
PMID: 32622225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100889

INTRODUCTION: Patients who visit emergency departments need to undergo a precise assessment to determine their priority and accurate triage category to ensure they receive the right treatment.
AIM: To identify the effect of triage training on the skills and accuracy of triage decisions for adult trauma patients.
METHOD: A randomized controlled trial design was conducted in ten emergency department of public hospitals. A total of 143 registered nurses and medical officer assistants who performed triage roles were recruited for the control group (n = 74) and the intervention group (n = 69). The skill and accuracy of triage decisions were measured two weeks and four weeks after the intervention group were exposed to the intervention.
RESULTS: There was a significant effect on the skill of triage decision-making between the control and the intervention group p control group and the intervention group p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Impact of periodontitis on quality of life among subjects with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross sectional study

Han PSH, Saub R, Baharuddin NA, Sockalingam S, Bartold PM, Vaithilingam RD

BMC Oral Health, 2020 11 23;20(1):332.
PMID: 33225923 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01275-4

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the impact of periodontitis (PD) on the health related quality of life (HRQoL) and oral health related QoL (OHRQoL) of subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and PD.
METHODS: Subjects from dental and RA clinics were screened. Complete periodontal examinations were performed. Subjects were divided into 4 groups: RA-PD, RA, PD and healthy controls (HC). Questionnaires on characteristics and Malaysian versions of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14(M)) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ-DI)) were answered.
RESULTS: A total of 187 subjects were included (29 RA-PD, 58 RA, 43 PD and 57 HC). OHIP-14(M) severity score was highest in the PD group (17.23 ± 10.36) but only significantly higher than the HC group (p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections: Current evidence on treatment options and the role of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics in dose optimisation

Mohd Sazlly Lim S, Sime FB, Roberts JA

Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2019 Jun;53(6):726-745.
PMID: 30831234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.02.016

Acinetobacter baumannii remains a difficult-to-treat pathogen that poses a significant challenge to clinicians and costs to the healthcare system. There is a lack of clinical efficacy data to aid in the selection of optimal treatment for multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii infections. This paper aimed to review recent literature on the treatment of MDR A. baumannii infections and novel agents in the pipeline and to discuss the clinical data supporting their use. Colistin has been widely studied as monotherapy or as part of combination therapy, but its use is limited due to nephrotoxicity. The clinical benefit of combination therapy, whether empirical or targeted, has yet to be demonstrated owing to a lack of definitive evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Most available clinical studies are retrospective and lack control groups, which offers low-grade evidence. Novel agents such as cefiderocol, plazomicin, eravacycline and sulbactam/ETX2514 combination are promising options for the treatment of different infectious pathologies caused by MDR A. baumannii, but these have yet to be evaluated in RCTs. A better understanding of the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of the 'old' antibiotics is required to optimise their dosing regimens in order to maximise bacterial killing, minimise toxicities and improve clinical outcomes.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The Effect of 5-Min Mindful Breathing on Pain in Palliative Care Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study

Guan NC, Beng TS, Sue-Yin L, Kanagasundram S

Indian J Palliat Care, 2021 02 17;27(1):83-88.
PMID: 34035622 DOI: 10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_122_20

Context: While pain is a common complaint among palliative cancer patients, there is little research looking into nonpharmacological methods for the reduction of pain in the palliative setting.
Aim: This study aims to study the efficacy of 5-min mindful breathing for rapid reduction of pain in a palliative care setting.
Methods: This is a sub-analysis of the previous randomized controlled study on distress reduction. Sixty patients were recruited and randomly assigned to either the intervention (5-min mindful breathing) or the control (5-min normal listening) group. Participants reported their pain on a 10-item analog scale at baseline, immediately after intervention and 10 min postintervention. Changes in pain scores were further analyzed.
Results: Pain scores decreased for both the intervention and control groups. However, the reduction of pain did not reach statistical difference in both groups (P > 0.05).
Conclusion: Five-minute mindful breathing is a quick and easy to administer therapy but does not have significant effects in terms of pain reduction in palliative settings. Future research and directions are nonetheless suggested and encouraged to look for short-term mindfulness-based therapies on pain reduction for this population.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Ability of whitening toothpastes in removing stains from composite resins

Chong SY, Lim TB, Seow LL

Malaysian Dental Journal, 2008;29(2):97-103.
MyJurnal

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to assess: i) the staining susceptibility of composite resins, ii) the ability of whitening toothpastes in removing stains from composite resins.
Materials and Methods: Thirty specimens from each composite resins: Filtek Z350 (3M ESPE), Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) and Beautifil (Shofu Inc.) were fabricated. After polishing, specimens were immersed in coffee for 3 days. Specimens were then brushed twice a day for 2 weeks using Colgate Total (Colgate-Palmolive, control group), Colgate Advanced Whitening (Colgate- Palmolive, test group) and Darlie All Shiny White (Hawley & Hazel Chemical Co., test group). Colour changes (?E*) were measured using Spectrophotometer at baseline, after coffee immersion and after brushing. Results were statistically analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.
Results: There was significant difference in terms of colour changes for Filtek Z350, Filtek Z250 and Beautifil after coffee immersion (P0.05).
Conclusions: Filtek Z350 was able to resist staining by coffee better than Filtek Z250 and Beautifil. The whitening toothpastes did not offer added advantage in terms of ability to remove stains compared to ordinary toothpaste.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Growth performance of fingerlings of the Indian major carp, catla catla (ham.) fed with feeds supplemented with different seaweeds

Kotnala, Savita, Dhar, Puspita, Chatterji, Anil, Das, Partha

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2010;18(2):-.
MyJurnal

The growth performance of Indian major carp (Catla catla, Ham.) was assessed over a period of six months through formulated feeds consisting of three seaweeds, namely Chlorodesmis fastigiata, Padina tetrastomatica and Stoechospermum marginatum. A relatively slow average growth rate (6.48 g/month) in fishes was observed in the control group. Meanwhile, the maximum and rapid growth rate (13.38 g/month) was observed with Feed-A supplemented with C. fastigiata. Similarly, a comparable growth rate was also observed with Feed-B (11.56 g/month) with P. tetrastomatica. However, the growth rate in fishes was relatively lower (9.05 g/month) with Feed-C containing seaweed S.marginatum. The growth rate in each month was also compared. The maximum attainable growth rate was found to be 12 g in the control group, whereas this was 30 g with Feed-A. The attainable growth was 20 g and 15 g with Feed-B and Feed-C, respectively. In the control group, the maximum increments in weight was recorded in the third (September) and fifth (November) months of rearing, and the increment was considerably reduced after that. The maximum increment in weight was in the second month (August) with Feed-A, and this was followed by a considerable decrease in subsequent months. A similar trend was observed with Feed-B and Feed-C. The biochemical composition of all the four feeds used in the present study showed approximately the same protein (0.45-0.50 mg/ ml) and lipid contents (0.6 mg/ml). Carbohydrate was the only parameter which showed a relatively significant effect (p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Saliva as a diagnostic tool for assessment of dental caries

Gopinath, V.K., Arzreanne , A.R.

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):57-59.
MyJurnal

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salivary testing in dental caries assessment. The role of saliva flow rate, pH, viscosity and buffering capacity in subjects with high caries (DMFT>5) (group 1) against subjects with low caries (DMFT=0) (control group) were evaluated. 40 subjects between the age of 18 and 40 years old were selected (20 subjects control group and 20 subjects group 1). By using a salivary testing kit (GC Asia Dental Pte Ltd, Japan), each subject underwent test such as hydration status of the oral mucosa, viscosity and pH of resting saliva, stimulated salivary flow rate and buffering capacity of stimulated saliva. The results showed that the flow rate, viscosity, pH and buffering capacity of saliva in subjects of group 1 (DMFT>5) was significantly lower (p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Influence of milling on the stability of hydroxyapatite

Sofia Beagem Mohd Noal, Roslinda Shamsudin, Tan, Lee Phin, Wan Khartini Wan Abdul Khodir

Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 2007;2005(1):13-18.
MyJurnal

Hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was synthesized via wet method using calcium nitrate hydrate (Ca(NO3)2.H2O) and diammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4) as raw materials. Powder obtained was milled using various milling speed ranging from 250 to 400 r.p.m. and sintered at 1300°C for 2hrs. Due to the nature of HA powder that decomposed at high temperature, XRD technique have been used in this work to determine the phase composition of the HA powder and also the crystallite size. The unmilled sample was used as the control group. Results show that sufficient heat supply generated from the milling process, initiates the decomposition of HA phase into ȕ-tricalcium phosphate (ȕ-TCP). Decomposition of HA starts to occur at the milling speed of 300 rpm, i.e the formation of ȕ-TCP was occurred at lower sintering temperature. It was believed that the decomposition of HA was associated with the formation of an intermediate phase, oxyapatite. Moreover, the crystallinity and particle size of the produced powder is very much affected by the milling speed and the stability of the HA. All milled powders possess spherical shape particle.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Optimizing physiological and performance outcomes using recovery strategies among junior cyclists

Hishamuddin Ahmad, Nur Akmal Ishak, Asmadi Ishak

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2014;3(1):1-10.
MyJurnal

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a two week reduction in training load on selected physiological and performance among junior cyclist. Twenty seven male junior cyclists (age= 16.6±0.7 years, height=165.6±6.1 cm, weight= 54.1±8.1 kg) were matched into either the control group (n=13) or the experimental group (n=14) using their initial VO2max values. Both groups followed a 12-week progressive endurance training program and subsequently, the experimental group (EXP) engaged in a two week tapering (recovery via a reduction in training loads) phase. The control group continued with their normal training routine. A simulated 20 km time trials performance and a graded exercise test on cycle ergometer were performed before and after endurance training and after the two week tapering protocol. Following the conclusion of the two week intervention or no intervention program both groups undertook a TT20km. Results showed no significant difference in the TT20km performance. Compared to the CON group, the EXP group showed significant changes in all the selected physiological variables tested, p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Effects of agility ladder drills on dynamic balance of children

Heng, Choon Meng, Low, Jeffrey Fook Lee

Jurnal Sains Sukan & Pendidikan Jasmani, 2014;3(1):68-75.
MyJurnal

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of the agility ladder drills in improving the dynamic balance ability of school children. Eighteen primary school male participants were assigned randomly into an experimental and control group respectively. The experimental group practiced the agility ladder drill activities for four weeks (three time a week) after school whereas the control group adhered to their normal daily routine without any intervention. Pre and post tests on dynamic balance were administered using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Statistical analyses using 2 group vs 3 tests ANOVA with repeated measures on the second factor showed no main effects between groups and tests. However, there was a significant interaction between group and test. The experimental group improved their dynamic balance score from pre- to post-test compared to the control group although no significant improvements were observed in the retention test. Agility ladder drills provide an additional approach to improve the dynamic balance of young children.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Soursop (Anona muricata L.): Blood hematology and serum biochemistry of Sprague-Dawley rats

Syahida, M., Maskat, M. Y., Suri, R., Mamot, S., Hadijah, H.

International Food Research Journal, 2012;19(3):955-959.
MyJurnal

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of soursop (Annona muricata L.) extract on Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to in vivo 28-day repeated doses. The extract was given to the study group via force feeding. In the 28-day study, Annona muricata L. extract was dosed at 0 (CD, control dose), 0.5 (LD, low dose), 1.0 (MD, medium dose), 2.0g/kg (HD, high dose) body weight. For control group, distilled water was given to the animals. Administration of Annona muricata L. extract did not cause negative effect in blood hematology even though a statistically significant (p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth: an in vitro study

Michael, Mera Christina, Adam Husein, Wan Zaripah Wan Bakar, Eshamsul Sulaiman

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2010;5(2):36-41.
MyJurnal

Endodontically treated teeth are generally weaker than sound teeth. The study objective was to compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with different restorative techniques. Fifty extracted human maxillary central incisors of similar size were divided into five groups of 10 teeth. Group 1 was left intact as the control group. Other groups (Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5) were all endodontically treated followed by restorations using different restorative techniques; light cured composite resin (CR), CR and crown, post and CR, and post-CR core and crown respectively. The specimens were loaded in a universal testing machine with a static force at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min at 135 ° to the long axis of the root until failure. The means and the standard deviations of the maximum load at failure for groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1259.11N (379.12N), 578.63N (196.70N), 667.13N (298.72N), 1247.65N (294.48N) and 623.60N (193.75N) respectively. The results of one-way ANOVA showed statistically significant differences existed among the groups tested (p

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Suicidal ideation amongst epilepsy patients in a tertiary centre

Rafiz Abdul Rani, Rosdinom Razali

Neurology Asia, 2014;19(2):129-136.
MyJurnal

Background and Objective: Epilepsy and depression are interlinked and lead to an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide. Although depression is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation in epilepsy patients, epilepsy itself is independently associated with suicidal ideation. There are various other factors related to epilepsy that further increase this risk. Methods: We conducted a study of suicidal-ideation amongst epilepsy patients in our centre. Demographic data and clinical history were obtained while suicidal ideation was determined using the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS). Beck’s Depression Inventory–II (BDI-II) was used to identify presence of depression. Results: We recruited 80 patients with epilepsy and an equal number of controls. Epilepsy patients were more likely to be depressed with a mean BDI-II score of 9.09 ±6.48 compared to controls who has a mean score of 5.56 ±4.56. The proportion of epilepsy patients with suicidal ideation was 33.75% vs. 5.00% in the control group (p 3 anti-epileptic drugs or prior head surgery. Our findings suggest that assessment of suicidal ideation is pertinent in high-risk epilepsy patients and should be routinely carried out in the clinical setting.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The Use Of Demineralized Freeze-dried Bovine Bone Xenograft In Reducing Post-surgical Periodontal Recession

Baharuddin, N.A., Kamin, S., Samsuddin, A.R.

Ann Dent, 2005;12(1):-.
MyJurnal

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft (DFDBBX) in minimizing post-surgical recession in moderate to advanced adult periodontitis in patients. Nine patients with a total of eighteen intrabony defects were matched for the tooth type, location of defects and periodontal pocket depth (5 to 7mm). Following an initial nonsurgical treatment, recession at defects indicated for surgery was measured pre-operatively. Surgical treatment was carried out by split mouth design, where the test sites were assigned DFDBBX and the control sites were subjected to debridement without the use of DFDBBX. Recessions were measured at 3 months, 6 months and 9 months post-operatively. The results showed no statistically significant difference in mean recession at 3, 6 and 9 months post-operatively compared to baseline for both test and control groups. Thus, DFDBBX was ineffective in minimizing recession on patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, as compared to surgical debridement alone.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext The Use Demineralized Freeze-Dried Bovine Bone Xenograft In Reducing Post-Surgical Periodontal Pocket Depth

Baharuddin, N.A., Kamin, S., Samsuddin, A.R.

Ann Dent, 2003;10(1):-.
MyJurnal

This study evaluated the effectiveness of demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft in reducing post-surgical pocket depth in moderate to advanced adult periodontitis in patients. Nine patients with a total of eighteen intrabony defects were selected for this study. The bony defects were matched for tooth type, location and pocket depth. Following an initial non-surgical treatment, only pockets of 5 to 7 mm deep were indicated for surgery. Periodontal pockets were measured pre-operatively and at 3, 6 and 9 months post-surgically. The study protocol included a split mouth design, where surgical treatment was carried out at both test and control sites. The test sites were assigned demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft and the control sites were subjected to debridement alone without the use of demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft. The results from this study showed a statistically significant difference in the mean pocket depth at 6 and 9 months post-operatively for both test and control groups, but there was no statistically significant difference at 3 months. In conclusion, demineralized freeze-dried bone xenograft was ineffective in reducing periodontal pocket depth in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis, as compared to surgical debridement alone.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups
Fulltext Comparative efficacy of biofeedback interventions in predicting improvements in bilateral soccer shooting performance

Srilekha Saha, Nurfarrah Ezzaty Mohd Zahir, Foujia Huda, Soumendra Saha

Movement Health & Exercise, 2015;4(1):27-38.
MyJurnal

The beneficial impact of the differential biofeedback intervention technique on modification in autonomic competence, as well as the ultimate impact on bilateral shooting ability, were studied on young and competitive male soccer players. A total of 45 young high-performing soccer players in the age range of 18 to 24 years were recruited. At first, the players were subjected to baseline evaluation of psychomotor (i.e., reaction time - RT), physiological (viz. resting heart-rate; VO2Max, electrical muscle potentiality, etc.), and psychobiological indices (such as skin conductance components - latency, amplitude and recovery time). Thereafter, they were equally categorized into: Control Group, Experimental Group I [who received skin conductance (Sc) biofeedback training], and Experimental Group II [who received electromyography (EMG) biofeedback intervention training]. Participants of the experimental groups were subjected to their respective interventions (Sc & EMG biofeedback intervention training), which were imparted for 24 sessions (15 mins/day; 2 days/week for 12 weeks). After six weeks of intervention, mid-term evaluation of all of the aforementioned parameters (assessed during baseline evaluation) was performed. Thereafter, intervention sessions continued following the identical protocol for six weeks. At the end of the 12th week, a post-intervention assessment on all of the psychological, psychomotor and psychobiological variables was carried out on all of the participants to verify the effect of training on dependent measures. Post-intervention analyses revealed improvements in physiological, psychobiological and performance parameters, which could be rationally attributed to the differential biofeedback therapeutic interventions introduced to the experimental groups. The outcome suggested that both interventions facilitated improvement in bilateral shooting ability, while indepth analyses clarified that a higher extent of autonomic recovery emerged as the most significant factor facilitating shooting ability in the experimental groups.

Matched MeSH terms: Control Groups

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