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Displaying publications 21 - 28 of 28 in total

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Efficacy of 'Gamadent' toothpaste on the healing of gingival tissues: a preliminary report

Taiyeb-Ali TB, Zainuddin SL, Swaminathan D, Yaacob H

J Oral Sci, 2003 Sep;45(3):153-9.
PMID: 14650580

The aim of this randomised, parallel, double-blind study, in which 28 adult patients diagnosed with chronic gingivitis or early stages of chronic periodontitis were recruited, was to evaluate the efficacy of 'Gamadent' toothpaste compared to a placebo toothpaste. 'Gamadent' toothpaste has all the basic constituents of a toothpaste with the addition of a sea cucumber extract (SCE) of the species Stichopus sp. 1 to improve the healing potential of tissues. The placebo has the same basic constituents minus the extract. Out of the 28 patients, 14 were placed in the test group who used the 'Gamadent' toothpaste, and 14 patients were placed in the control group (2 control subjects defaulted and were excluded), who brushed using the placebo toothpaste. The longitudinal study was carried out over a period of 3 months with assessments made at baseline, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months after conventional therapy at the baseline visit. The clinical parameters used during the trial were Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI) and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD). A predetermined number of sites on a molar, premolar, canine and an incisor were examined and evaluated in each quadrant. After the baseline assessment, the patients had full mouth scaling and debridement as well as oral hygiene instructions. Patients were instructed to brush their teeth twice a day with the toothbrush provided (Oral-B plus, size 35) and toothpaste (test or control), using the Bass technique. At the 1-month assessment, there were significant mean reductions to baseline mean values in PI (P < 0.005) and GI (P < 0.001) in the test group as compared to the control group. At the end of the 2-month interval, significant reductions were observed in PI, PBI and PPD (P < 0.001). By the end of 3 months, there were significant differences in the mean reduction of all the parameters i.e. PI, PBI, GI and PPD (P < 0.001), between the test and control sites. In conclusion, 'Gamadent' toothpaste provided noteworthy benefits, producing statistically significant improvement in all clinical parameters compared to the placebo during the healing phase after conventional initial therapy.
The location of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population

Ngeow WC, Yuzawati Y

J Oral Sci, 2003 Sep;45(3):171-5.
PMID: 14650583

Knowledge of the position of the mental foramen is important both when administering regional anesthesia and performing periapical surgery in the mental region of the mandible. This study determines the position of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population. One hundred and sixty nine panoramic radiographs of Malay patients retrieved from a minor oral surgery waiting list were selected to identify the normal range for the position of the mental foramen. The foramen was not included in the study if there was any mandibular tooth missing between the lower left and right first molars (36-46). The findings indicated the most common position for the mental foramen was in line with the longitudinal axis of the second premolar (69.2%) followed by a location between the first and second premolar (19.6%). The right and left foramina were bilaterally symmetrical in three of six recorded positions in 67.7% patients. The mental foramen was most often in line with the second premolar.
Fulltext Effect of age on bite force

Chong MX, Khoo CD, Goh KH, Rahman F, Shoji Y

J Oral Sci, 2016;58(3):361-3.
PMID: 27665975 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.15-0675

This study compared bite force in adults older than 60 years with that of young adults. The participants were 20 healthy adults (9 men) older than 60 years (median age, 66 years) and 44 healthy young adults (22 men; age range, 18-25 years; median age, 22 years) at the International Medical University, Malaysia. All participants had at least 20 teeth, and bite force was measured and evaluated using the Dental Prescale system. Average (SD) bite force was 420.5 (242.0) N for the older adults and 541.4 (296.3) N for the young adults. Although mean bite force was higher for the young adults, the difference was not significant. These findings suggest that bite force is unaffected by age in adults with adequate dentition. (J Oral Sci 58, 361-363, 2016).
Fulltext Effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment on clinical periodontal variables and salivary resistin levels in obese Asians

Akram Z, Baharuddin NA, Vaithilingam RD, Rahim ZH, Chinna K, Krishna VG, et al.

J Oral Sci, 2017 Mar 31;59(1):93-102.
PMID: 28049964 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0127

This study investigated changes in periodontal outcomes after nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) and evaluated associations of change in salivary resistin level with periodontal outcomes in obese Malaysians with chronic periodontitis. Sixty-two obese adults with chronic periodontitis were randomly divided into a test group (n = 31), which received NSPT, and a control group (n = 31), which received no treatment. Plaque score (PS), gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were measured at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks after NSPT. Salivary resistin levels were evaluated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PS was significantly lower in patients who received NSPT than in the control group at 6 and 12 weeks (P < 0.05). In the NSPT group the percentages of sites with shallow and moderate pockets decreased significantly, but there was no significant change in deep pockets. Resistin levels significantly decreased after NSPT (P < 0.05). Change in salivary resistin level was not significantly associated with periodontal outcomes. In obese Malaysians, NSPT significantly improved PS and GBI, and improved PPD and CAL for shallow and moderately deep pockets but not for deep pockets. Salivary resistin level was not associated with improvement in either periodontal variable.
Fulltext Comparison of nonsurgical periodontal therapy with oral hygiene instruction alone for chronic periodontitis

Asad M, Abdul Aziz AW, Raman RP, Harun HW, Ali TB, Chinna K, et al.

J Oral Sci, 2017;59(1):111-120.
PMID: 28367891 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0298

We evaluated changes in clinical variables and microbiological profiles of periodontopathogens among 56 patients with moderate to severe CP who were randomly assigned to oral hygiene instruction (OHI; n = 28) or nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT; n = 28). Periodontal variables were assessed and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from deep pockets (≥5 mm) at baseline and 3 months after treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella intermedia. All clinical variables significantly improved in both groups. Improvements in gingival bleeding index (GBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), and periodontal attachment loss (PAL) were significantly greater at 3 months after treatment in the NSPT group. At baseline, the prevalences of all pathogens were high. Significant reductions in microbial count were observed for A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia (P ≤ 0.05) in the NSPT group. None of the improvements in clinical variables was associated with changes in microbiological profiles. At 3 months after treatment, NSPT was associated with significantly greater improvements in GBI, PPD, and PAL as compared with OHI. A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia counts were significantly lower in the NSPT group.
Fulltext Impact of psychological states on periodontitis severity and oral health-related quality of life

Goh V, Hassan FW, Baharin B, Rosli TI

J Oral Sci, 2022 Jan 19;64(1):1-5.
PMID: 34690248 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.21-0267

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify impacts of depression, anxiety and stress on periodontitis severity and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL).
METHODS: A total of 141 periodontitis patients were recruited. Psychological states were assessed using the Malay short-form Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (MDASS-21). Subjects were grouped as positive for depression, anxiety or stress (DAS) (positive-DAS), without DAS (non-DAS), stress-only and anxiety-only. OHRQoL was evaluated using the Malay short-form Oral Health Impact Profile (S-OHIP[M]).
RESULTS: OHRQoL was associated with MDASS-21, probing pocket depths, recession, clinical attachment levels, number of teeth present and number of teeth with mobility. S-OHIP(M) of positive-DAS subjects was associated with clinical attachment levels, number of teeth present and presence of anxiety. Anxiety-only subjects reported higher S-OHIP(M) scores compared to the non-DAS group.
CONCLUSION: OHRQoL of all subjects was negatively impacted by periodontitis severity and tooth loss. Combinations of depression, anxiety or stress led to worse periodontal status and OHRQoL. Subjects with anxiety-only experienced poorer OHRQoL compared to those without depression, anxiety and stress regardless of periodontitis severity. Possible impacts of psychological states on periodontitis and OHRQoL highlights the importance of assessing and improving psychological factors as part of periodontal therapy and to enhance OHRQoL.
Association of second-hand smoke exposure, quantified by salivary cotinine, with dental caries in Japanese adolescents

Takao N, Furuta M, Takeshita T, Kageyama S, Goto T, Zakaria MN, et al.

J Oral Sci, 2023;65(2):107-110.
PMID: 36990753 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0388

PURPOSE: Second-hand smoke has adverse effects on oral health. This cohort study used a multilevel approach to investigate the association of second-hand smoke exposure, as determined by salivary cotinine level, with dental caries in adolescents.
METHODS: Data from 75 adolescents aged 11 or 12 years and 2,061 teeth without dental caries were analyzed in this study. Annual dental examinations to assess dental caries were conducted between 2018 and 2021. Salivary cotinine and Dentocult SM-Strip level were measured at baseline. Information on the smoking habits of parents, snack frequency, regular dental visits, and use of fluoride toothpaste was collected at baseline from parent-reported questionnaires.
RESULTS: During the 3-year follow-up, dental caries was noted in 21 adolescents and 43 teeth. Participants exposed to parental smoking had higher salivary cotinine levels than those whose parents did not smoke. The multilevel Cox regression model showed that a high salivary cotinine level was associated with the incidence of dental caries, after adjusting for potential confounding factors (hazard ratio, 3.39; 95% confidence interval 1.08-10.69).
CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the risk of dental caries is higher for adolescents who have high salivary cotinine levels attributable to second-hand smoke exposure.
Fulltext Gender and age effects on dental and palatal arch dimensions among full siblings

Mei YS, Syed Mohamed AMF, Marizan Nor M, Rosli TI

J Oral Sci, 2023 Oct 01;65(4):237-242.
PMID: 37612067 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.23-0043

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the dental and palatal arch dimensions of male and female siblings in relation to gender and age, using three-dimensional (3D) digital casts.
METHODS: This study involved 54 subjects (27 pairs) of male-female siblings aged 15 to 45 years. Dental casts were digitized and analyzed for tooth size (TS), arch width (AW), arch length (AL), arch length discrepancy (ALD), and palatal arch dimensions (PAD). The data obtained were subjected to t-tests, and the palatal curvature (PC) was modeled using a fourth-order polynomial.
RESULTS: Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the sexes were found in the mesiodistal TS, particularly in all canines, as well as 16, 36, 46, and 41. Maxillary AW and AL were also significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by sexes. Most arch parameters were more prominent in male siblings, and the effect of age on PC differed between the sexes. In addition, the PC of adolescent females was mostly superimposed on adult females relative to males.
CONCLUSION: Among siblings, males were found to have significantly larger dental arch dimensions than females. Furthermore, PC showed some differences between the sexes in both the frontal and sagittal planes.