Displaying publications 361 - 380 of 1065 in total

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  1. Md Noh MS, Abdul Aziz AF, Mohd Ghani KA, Lee Kheng Siang C, Yunus R, Mohd Yusof M
    Am J Case Rep, 2017 Mar 01;18:212-216.
    PMID: 28246375
    BACKGROUND Intradiverticular bladder tumors are rare. This renders diagnosis of an intradiverticular bladder tumor difficult. Imaging plays a vital role in achieving the diagnosis, and subsequently staging of the disease. CASE REPORT A 74-year-old male presented to our center with a few months history of constitutional symptoms. Upon further history, he reported hematuria two months prior to presentation, which stopped temporarily, only to recur a few days prior to coming to the hospital. The patient admitted to having lower urinary tract symptoms. However, there was no dysuria, no sandy urine, and no fever. Palpation of his abdomen revealed a vague mass at the suprapubic region, which was non tender. In view of his history and the clinical examination findings, an ultrasound of the abdomen and computed tomography (CT) was arranged. These investigations revealed a giant tumor that seemed to be arising from a bladder diverticulum, with a mass effect and hydronephrosis. He later underwent operative intervention. CONCLUSIONS Intradiverticular bladder tumors may present a challenge to the treating physician in an atypical presentation; thus requiring a high index of suspicion and knowledge of tumor pathophysiology. As illustrated in our case, CT with its wide availability and multiplanar imaging capabilities offers a useful means for diagnosis, disease staging, operative planning, and follow-up.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/pathology*; Carcinoma/surgery
  2. Jung MJ, Kim HK, Choi SY, Kim SG, Jin SY
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):327-330.
    PMID: 29279599
    Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is considered a low-malignant neoplasm with a good prognosis. However, 5% to 15% of patients with SPNs develop metastatic disease, most commonly in the liver. Metastatic hepatic malignancies that show pseudocystic features are rare. Here we describe the case of a middle-aged female with a cystic liver metastasis from SPN. To the best of our knowledge, SPN with a single cystic liver metastasis has not been described, although these tumours frequently undergo haemorrhagic-cystic degeneration. Thus, in these patients the marked cystic change could be misinterpreted as a benign lesion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis*; Carcinoma, Papillary/secondary
  3. Pentenero M, Bowers L, Jayasinghe R, Cheong SC, Farah CS, Kerr AR, et al.
    Oral Dis, 2019 Jun;25 Suppl 1:79-87.
    PMID: 31140691 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13051
    Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) modulate gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and are involved in tumorigenesis. They can form complex secondary and tertiary structures and have been shown to act as precursors, enhancers, reservoirs and decoys in the complex endogenous RNA network. They were first reported in relation to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in 2013. Here, we summarise the functional roles and pathways of the most commonly studied lncRNAs in OSCC. Existing research demonstrates the involvement of lncRNA within pivotal pathways leading to the development and spread of OSCC, including interactions with key cancer-associated microRNAs such as miR-21. The number of studies on lncRNA and OSCC remains limited in this new field. As evidence grows, the tissue-specific expression patterns of lncRNAs should further advance our understanding of the altered regulatory networks in OSCC and possibly reveal new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
  4. Samberkar S, Rajandram R, Mun KS, Samberkar P, Danaee M, Zulkafli IS
    Malays J Pathol, 2019 Dec;41(3):233-242.
    PMID: 31901907
    INTRODUCTION: Tissue biomarker carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is purported to have prognostic value for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) but contradicting findings from previous studies have also been documented. This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of CAIX in RCC disease progression.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, online searches of multiple databases were performed to retrieve articles from their inception until December 2017. Inclusion criteria included all English-based original articles of immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies investigating CAIX expression in human RCC tissue. Four articles were finally selected for meta-analysis with a total of 1964 patients. Standard meta-analysis methods were applied to evaluate the role of CAIX in RCC prognosis. The relative risk (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were recorded for the association between biomarker and prognosis, and data were analysed using MedCalc statistical software.

    RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that high CAIX expression was associated with low tumour stage (RR 0.90%, 95% CI 0.849-0.969, p= 0.004), low tumour grade (RR 0.835%, 95% CI 0.732-0.983, p= 0.028), absence of nodal involvement (RR 0.814%, 95% CI 0.712-0.931, p= 0.003) and better ECOS-PS index (RR 0.888%, 95% CI 0.818-0.969, p= 0.007). The high tissue CAIX expression in RCC is hence an indication of an early malignancy with a potential to predict favourable disease progression and outcome.

    CONCLUSION: The measurement of this marker may be beneficial to determine the course of the illness. It is hoped that CAIX can be developed as a specific tissue biomarker for RCC in the near future.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology*
  5. Nyanti L, Samsudin A, Tiong IK
    J Med Case Rep, 2019 Jun 21;13(1):188.
    PMID: 31221202 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-019-2122-8
    BACKGROUND: Leser-Trélat syndrome, which manifests as eruptive multiple seborrheic keratoses, is a rare paraneoplastic sign. Hyponatremia in the elderly population is an often overlooked but potentially sinister biochemical abnormality. Cancer-related causes of hyponatremia include syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, cerebral or renal salt wasting, and adrenal dysfunction. We report a case of an elderly man who presented with both syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and Leser-Trélat syndrome, and was eventually found to have renal malignancy.

    CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year-old indigenous Malaysian man with underlying chronic kidney disease presented with recurrent admissions for hyponatremia with parameters indicative of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, constitutional symptoms, and diffuse skin lesions suggestive of multiple seborrheic keratoses. A radiological workup revealed metastatic renal cell carcinoma with evidence of metastasis to the brain, adrenal glands, bone, and lungs.

    CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, renal malignancy presenting as syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and Leser-Trélat concurrently is rare. The causes of hyponatremia in the elderly, approach to investigation, and value as a poor prognostic marker in malignancy are highlighted. We also discuss Leser-Trélat syndrome, its pathophysiology, and its possible implications on clinical practice.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Renal Cell/complications*; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary
  6. Jalaludin MA, Rajadurai P, Va R, Prasad U
    J Laryngol Otol, 1994 Oct;108(10):886-8.
    PMID: 7989842 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100128415
    Anaplastic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) metastatic to the thyroid gland is rare. We report the first such case in a 54-year-old Malaysian Chinese woman. The correct diagnosis should be made so that thyroidectomy may be avoided and an appropriate chemoradiotherapeutic regimen instituted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/pathology; Carcinoma/secondary*
  7. Jayaram G, Swain M, Khanijow V, Jalaludin MA
    Diagn Cytopathol, 1998 Sep;19(3):168-72.
    PMID: 9740988 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199809)19:3<168::aid-dc2>3
    Over a 32-month period at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, we were able to study the cytological appearance of metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in 17 cases. This comprised 14 males and three females of which 13 were Chinese, three were Malay, and one was Indian. Their ages ranged from 27 to 64 years. Histological correlation was available in all the patients in the form of nasopharyngeal biopsies, and they were classified as per the World Health Organization classification into types I, II, and III NPC. Smears from type II NPC showed good cellularity with mainly clustered and occasionally dissociated cells, with focal columnar appearance, vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and variable amounts of cytoplasm. Clusters of malignant cell closely associated with lymphoid cells and dissociation of malignant cells were more characteristic of type III NPC. FNA cytology is now applied extensively to the diagnosis of head and neck tumours and knowledge of the cytomorphology of NPC would greatly aid in pinpointing the primary of this tumour which is notorious for presenting with early nodal metastasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary*
  8. Prasad U, Rampal L
    Cancer Causes Control, 1992 Mar;3(2):179-82.
    PMID: 1562708 DOI: 10.1007/BF00051659
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common cancers in Malaysia, a country in Southeast Asia with a multiracial population. While hospital-based data on NPC and data from a few states have been reported, a comprehensive study involving every known NPC patient in the whole of Peninsular Malaysia in one particular year had never been done. In the present study, the computed incidence rate was not only adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and place of residence, but also direct standardization methods of Rothman and Dever were used to reduce any distortion. The mean age of the 365 new cases of NPC registered in 1988 was 46.8 years (SD +/- 12.2 years). The ages of patients ranged from 10 to 80 years. The incidence in both sexes rose after the age of 20-29 years and reached a plateau between 40 and 49 years. No further rise was exhibited after age 60 years. The Chinese had the highest age-adjusted incidence rates, particularly for the age group 40-49 years, where the incidence rate was 40.1 per 100,000 for males and 14.9 for females. The average age-adjusted male/female ratio was 2.8:1. Age-adjusted incidence varied by place of residence. The pattern that emerged from the data indicated the possibility of interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental cofactors in the etiology of NPC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/ethnology; Carcinoma/epidemiology*
  9. Tan VE, Jeevanan J, Lee BR
    J Laryngol Otol, 2008 Aug;122(8):867-70.
    PMID: 17498332 DOI: 10.1017/S0022215107008195
    We report an extremely rare case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting as a lateral neck abscess complicated by endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. Endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis complicating a neck abscess has not been reported in the recent English literature. We discuss the possible pathophysiology of neck abscess as a presenting feature of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and the relationship between the parapharyngeal abscess and endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/complications*; Carcinoma/radiography
  10. Senarath NH, Jayasooriya PR, Siriwardena BSMS, Tilakaratne WM
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2021 Aug 01;22(8):2313-2321.
    PMID: 34452541 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.8.2313
    BACKGROUND: Epithelial dysplasia (ED) at oral cancer excision margins is a frequent finding. Dysplastic epithelium at excision margins may not be similar to dysplasia in Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) as malignant transformation has already taken place. Therefore, management of ED at excision margins should be different to that of OPMD. ED creates a dilemma in relation to further management of cancer patients, since there are no accepted guidelines. Therefore, the objective of this review is to analyze  existing literature and to arrive at evidence based recommendations for the management of ED at excision margins.

    METHODS: A comprehensive string was run on PubMed, Medscape and Medline. The final outcome included 113 studies. Finally, the most relevant 10 articles were critically assessed for inclusion and exclusion criteria against various parameters.

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:   Severe and Moderate ED need re-excision in order to improve prognosis. There is not enough sound evidence for the management of Mild ED at excision margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Guidelines for the management of ED at excision margins should be formulated after comprehensive multi center studies using lager cohorts of patients.
    .

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery
  11. Wong YP, Affandi KA, Tan GC, Muhammad R
    Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 2017 9 25;60(3):430-432.
    PMID: 28937391 DOI: 10.4103/IJPM.IJPM_287_16
    Metastatic disease involving the thyroid gland is uncommon. Solitary thyroid metastases from various primary sites particularly kidney, lung, and breast had been previously described. To the best of our knowledge, metastases from two topographically separate primary malignancies to the thyroid have never been documented hitherto. This is the first reported case of cancer-to-cancer metastasis involving an invasive breast carcinoma metastasized within a metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the nonneoplastic thyroid in a 58-year-old woman. Distinguishing a secondary thyroid metastases from a primary thyroid malignancy is utmost crucial as treatment differs. The possibility of tumor metastases from two separated primaries should always be considered in a tumor exhibiting malignant cell populations with two distinctive histomorphological appearances. The role of immunohistochemistry stains in equivocal cases cannot be overemphasized.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis*; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology*
  12. Ahmad P, Nawaz R, Qurban M, Shaikh GM, Mohamed RN, Nagarajappa AK, et al.
    Medicine (Baltimore), 2021 Sep 10;100(36):e27127.
    PMID: 34516504 DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027127
    In Malaysia, oral cancer is very common and the reported 5-year survival of such patients is nearly 50% after treatment with surgery and radiotherapy, much lower than most of the developed countries. This study aimed to investigate the socio-demographic and clinicopathological parameters that influence the mortality rate of the patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in the Kelantanse population.In this retrospective study, data regarding socio-demographic, clinicopathological factors, and treatment outcome associated with OSCC were gathered from the archives of the medical records office of Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. For statistical analysis, simple and multiple logistic regression were performed. The significance level was set to P 
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality*
  13. Azarisman SM, Nor Azmi K
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Aug;48(8):779-82.
    PMID: 17657389
    A 39-year-old man was diagnosed with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, which was associated with retinal haemangioblastoma, cervical cord haemangioblastoma and bilateral renal cell carcinoma. He subsequently underwent an arterial embolisation and cervical laminectomy, following a spinal angiogram of the cervical lesion. He also had a right radical nephrectomy, with no perioperative complications. However, on admission for the left radical nephrectomy, he was noted to have preoperative hypertension. Further investigation revealed an enlarged left adrenal gland on abdominal computed tomography scan and raised urinary catecholamines. We discuss the risk of renal cell carcinoma and phaeochromocytoma arising concomitantly in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome, and how best to investigate and manage them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Renal Cell/complications*; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery
  14. Teow SY, Liew K, Khoo AS, Peh SC
    Int J Biol Sci, 2017;13(10):1276-1286.
    PMID: 29104494 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19531
    Exosomes are 40- to 100-nm membrane-bound small vesicles that carry a great variety of cellular cargoes including proteins, DNA, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). These nanovesicles are detected in various biological fluids such as serum, urine, saliva, and seminal fluids. Exosomes serve as key mediators in intercellular communication by facilitating the transfer and exchange of cellular components from cells to cells. They contain various pathogenic factors whereby their adverse effects have been implicated in multiple viral infections and cancers. Interestingly, accumulating evidences showed that exosomes derived from tumour viruses or oncoviruses, exacerbate virus-associated cancers by remodelling the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the contributing factors of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) products-containing exosomes in viral pathogenesis and their potential implications in EBV-driven malignancies. Understanding the biological role of these exosomes in the disease would undoubtedly boost the development of a more comprehensive strategy to combat EBV-associated cancers and to better predict the therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, we also highlight the potentials and challenges of EBV products-containing exosomes being employed as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for EBV-related cancers. Since these aspects are rather underexplored, we attempt to underline interesting areas that warrant further investigations in the future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/genetics; Carcinoma/pathology*
  15. Pentenero M, Bowers LM, Jayasinghe R, Yap T, Cheong SC, Kerr AR, et al.
    Oral Dis, 2019 Jun;25 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):88-101.
    PMID: 31140697 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13076
    BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important roles in regulating gene expression pertaining to cell proliferation, survival, migration and genomic stability. Dysregulated expression of lncRNAs is implicated in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis.

    OBJECTIVES: To explore, map and summarize the extent of evidence from clinical studies investigating the differential expression of lncRNAs in oral/tongue squamous cell carcinoma.

    METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were used as search engines. Clinical, full-length, English language studies were included. PRISMA-ScR protocol was used to evaluate and present results. The present scoping review summarizes relationships of the differential expression of lncRNAs with the presence of tumour and with clinicopathological features including survival.

    RESULTS: Almost half of the investigated transcripts have been explored in more than one study, yet not always with consistent results. The collected data were also compared to the limited studies investigating oral epithelial dysplasia. Data are not easily comparable, first because of different methods used to define what differential expression is, and second because only a limited number of studies performed multivariate analyses to identify clinicopathological features associated with the differentially expressed lncRNAs.

    CONCLUSIONS: Standard methods and more appropriate data analyses are needed in order to achieve reliable results from future studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
  16. Ch'ng ES, Tuan Sharif SE, Jaafar H
    Virchows Arch, 2013 Mar;462(3):257-67.
    PMID: 23283409 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1362-4
    Tumor-associated macrophages play a crucial role in breast cancer progression and tumor angiogenesis. However, evaluation of tumor-associated macrophages incorporating their histological locations is lacking. The aim of this study was to clarify whether macrophages in tumor stroma and macrophages in tumor cell nests have distinctive properties in relation to pertinent breast cancer clinicopathological parameters and tumor angiogenesis. In 94 human invasive breast ductal carcinomas, tumor-associated macrophages were immunostained with anti-CD68 antibody and counted or graded according to these histological locations. Microvessels were immunostained with anti-CD34 antibody and counted for microvessel density. We found that the presence of tumor stromal and tumor nest macrophages was closely correlated (p = 0.001). Both tumor stromal and tumor nest macrophages were associated with mitotic count (p = 0.001 and p = 0.037, respectively). However, only higher tumor stromal macrophage grades were associated with higher tumor grades (p = 0.004) and negative estrogen receptor status (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that tumors with a high mitotic count score (score 3 vs. scores 1 and 2) had a higher tumor stromal macrophage density (Grades III and IV) when adjusted for tumor size, tubule formation, and estrogen receptor status (odds ratio 3.41, p = 0.010). The tumor nest macrophage count significantly correlated with the microvessel density (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology*
  17. Alazzawi S, Sivalingam S, Raman R, Mun KS
    Ann Saudi Med, 2015 10 29;35(5):400-2.
    PMID: 26506975 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2015.400
    We report an extremely rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the nasal septum. A patient with a history of right-sided nasal obstruction presented to our clinic. Clinical examination revealed a mass in the right nasal cavity originating from the nasal septum. Biopsy revealed a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The patient was treated with surgical resection only. Surgery alone might be suitable for small tumors when direct inspection of the surgical site is feasible to detect early recurrence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/surgery*
  18. Ho CC, Krishna KK, Praveen S, Goh EH, Lee BC, Zulkifli MZ
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Sep;65(3):229-30.
    PMID: 21939176
    We present a case of a middle-aged man who was incidentally found to have right renal solid mass while investigating for his left eye proptosis. Computerised tomography (CT) scan confirmed the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and the tumour was successfully excised via open surgery. The histopathology examination revealed the 10x7x8 cm mass to be a clear cell type renal cell carcinoma. The rare presentation of this metastatic renal cell carcinoma, its diagnosis and management will be discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Renal Cell/complications; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/diagnosis*; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/secondary; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/surgery
  19. Yap FBB
    Int J Dermatol, 2010 Feb;49(2):176-9.
    PMID: 20465642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2009.04342.x
    BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer among Orientals. Data on this malignancy is lacking in Malaysia, prompting a retrospective study to determine the clinical characteristics in the skin clinic, Sarawak General Hospital between 2000 and 2008.
    METHODS: Demographic data and clinical features of 64 histopathologically proven BCC from 43 patients were retrieved. Statistical analysis was performed comparing the clinical characteristics based on the region of involvement and gender.
    RESULTS: The mean age of presentation was 60.9 years. Male to female ratio was 1.05. Majority of the patients were Chinese (44.2%) followed by Malays (32.6%), Bidayuhs (14.0%) and Ibans (6.9%). Nodular BCC accounted for 95.3% of cases while 4.7% were superficial BCC. All the nodular BCC were pigmented. Ulceration was noted in 18%. There were 82.8% of BCC on the head and neck region and 17.2% on the trunk and limb region. BCC on the latter region were larger (mean 35.0 cf. 14.4 mm, p < 0.001) and ulcerated (45.5% cf. 11.3%, p = 0.01). Superficial BCC were also more frequently encountered in this region (18.2% cf. 1.9%, p = 0.02). Compared to women, men had larger BCC (mean 21.1 cf. 13.3 mm, p = 0.03) and kept them for a longer duration (mean 21.6 cf. 13.3 months, p = 0.04).
    CONCLUSION: Clinical characteristics of BCC in Sarawak were similar to other Asian studies. Additionally, BCC on the trunk and limbs and in men were larger, ulcerative and long standing warranting better efforts for earlier detection.
    Study site: Skin clinic, Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Basal Cell/diagnosis; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/epidemiology*; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology*; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery
  20. Chen Y, Lim BK, Hashim OH
    J Hematol Oncol, 2009;2:37.
    PMID: 19709441 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-2-37
    The general enhanced expression of alpha1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), clusterin (CLU), alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), haptoglobin beta-chain (HAP), and leucine rich glycoprotein (LRG) in the sera of patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOCa) was recently reported. In the present study, we compared the expression of the serum acute-phase proteins (APPs) in the patients according to their stages of cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma in Situ/blood*; Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis; Carcinoma in Situ/metabolism; Carcinoma in Situ/pathology
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