Displaying publications 301 - 320 of 1065 in total

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  1. Study of epithelial migration in the tympanic membrane and bony external auditory canal wall in patients with irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Santhi K, Prepageran N, Tang IP, Raman R
    Otol Neurotol, 2015 Feb;36(2):318-22.
    PMID: 24751743 DOI: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000378
    The objectives of this study were to determine the presence of epithelial migration in patients with postirradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and to compare the rate of epithelial migration in the tympanic membrane (TM) and the bony external auditory canal (EAC) of postirradiated NPC ears with normal ears by means of the ink dot method.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/pathology*; Carcinoma/radiotherapy
  2. Genomic DNA copy number alterations from precursor oral lesions to oral squamous cell carcinoma
    Salahshourifar I, Vincent-Chong VK, Kallarakkal TG, Zain RB
    Oral Oncol, 2014 May;50(5):404-12.
    PMID: 24613650 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.005
    Oral cancer is a multifactorial disease in which both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the aetiopathogenesis. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a higher incidence among Melanesian and South Asian countries. More than 90% of oral cancers are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The present study aimed to determine common genomic copy number alterations (CNAs) and their frequency by including 12 studies that have been conducted on OSCCs using array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). In addition, we reviewed the literature dealing with CNAs that drive oral precursor lesions to the invasive tumors. Results showed a sequential accumulation of genetic changes from oral precursor lesions to invasive tumors. With the disease progression, accumulation of genetic changes increases in terms of frequency, type and size of the abnormalities, even on different regions of the same chromosome. Gains in 3q (36.5%), 5p (23%), 7p (21%), 8q (47%), 11q (45%), 20q (31%) and losses in 3p (37%), 8p (18%), 9p (10%) and 18q (11%) were the most common observations among those studies. However, losses are less frequent than gains but it appears that they might be the primary clonal events in causing oral cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
  3. Survival of lung cancer patients in a resource-limited country
    How SH, Ng TH, Kuan YC, Jamalludin AR, Fauzi AR
    Asia Pac J Clin Oncol, 2015 Sep;11(3):221-7.
    PMID: 24575820 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.12179
    Data on lung cancer survival are lacking in developing countries. Our objectives were to describe the survival of our lung cancer patients and to determine independent prognostic factors affecting survival.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality*; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
  4. Recurrence of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma manifesting as a cerebellopontine angle mass
    Kong MH, Jeevanan J, Jegan T
    Ear Nose Throat J, 2013 Dec;92(12):E11-3.
    PMID: 24366707
    As many as 31% of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma present with intracranial extension. Despite this high percentage, extension to the cerebellopontine angle is rare. The mechanism of tumor spread to the cerebellopontine angle is not completely understood. The most likely mechanism is direct extension to the skull base with involvement of the petrous apex and further extension posteriorly via the medial tentorial edge. We report the case of a 46-year-old woman with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had been treated initially with chemoradiation and subsequently with stereotactic radiosurgery for residual tumor. One year later, she presented with an intracranial recurrence of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the cerebellopontine angle; the recurrence mimicked a benign tumor on magnetic resonance imaging. The tumor was ultimately diagnosed as an undifferentiated carcinoma of nasopharyngeal origin. She was treated with palliative chemotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/secondary*; Carcinoma/therapy
  5. Epidemiology and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma in north-east Peninsular Malaysia
    Norsa'adah B, Nurhazalini-Zayani CG
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2013;14(11):6955-9.
    PMID: 24377632
    The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is relatively high in Southeast Asia. Globally, HCC has a high fatality rate and short survival. The objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to review the epidemiology and survival of HCC patients at a tertiary centre in north-east of Peninsular Malaysia. Subjects were adult HCC patients diagnosed by histopathology or radio-imaging. Secondary liver carcinoma was excluded. Kaplan Meier and multiple Cox proportional hazard survival analyses were used. Only 210 HCC cases from years 1987-2008, were included in the final analysis. The number of cases was increasing annually. The mean age was 55.0 (SD 13.9) years with male:female ratio of 3.7:1. Approximately 57.6% had positive hepatitis B virus, 2.4% hepatitis C virus, 20% liver cirrhosis and 8.1% chronic liver disease. Only 2.9% had family history and 9.0% had frequently consumed alcohol. Most patients presented with abdominal pain or discomfort and had hepatomegaly, 47.9% had an elevated α-fetoprotein level of 800 IU/ml or more, 51.9% had multiple tumors and 44.8% involved multiple liver lobes. Approximately 63.3% were in stage 3 and 23.4% in stage 4, and 82.9% did not receive any treatment. The overall median survival time was 1.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 2.3). The 1-month, 6-month, 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 71.8%, 23.3%, 13.0% and 7.3% respectively. Significant prognostic factors were Malay ethnicity [Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1.6; 95%CI: 1.0, 2.5; p=0.030], no chemotherapy [AHR 1.7; 95%CI: 1.1, 2.5; p=0.017] and Child-Pugh class C [AHR 2.6; 95%CI: 1.4, 4.9; p=0.002]. HCC in our study affected a wide age range, mostly male, in advanced stage of disease, with no treatment and very low survival rates. Primary prevention should be advocated in view of late presentation and difficulty of treatment. Vaccination of hepatitis virus and avoidance of liver toxins are to be encouraged.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology*; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
  6. Rapid developing basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in a young adult Taiwanese
    Tsai HJ, Liou B, Li MC
    Malays J Pathol, 2013 Dec;35(2):177-80.
    PMID: 24362481
    Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the uterine cervix is a rare malignancy of the female genital tract with a poorer clinical outcome than SCC of the uterine cervix. We report a case of BSCC of the uterine cervix developing rapidly in a young adult Taiwanese. A 35-year-old woman, Para 2, visited the emergency room with severe dizziness, palpitations and sudden excessive vaginal bleeding with hemoglobin of 3.6 g/dl. She had been well and healthy but intermittent vaginal spotting developed for around 6 months previously and was treated as abnormal uterine bleeding by ob-gyn practitioners. She had a repeat cesarean operation 16 months prior to this episode and the last Pap smear showed reactive change 12 months ago at our hospital. On examination, she had an ulcerated, necrotic, and punched-out lesion of 5 cm of the cervix. A cervical biopsy revealed poorly differentiated typical BSCC. Abdominal/pelvic computerized tomography and whole body positron emission tomography confirmed FIGO staging IB2. She responded well to concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Follow-up for the patient is ongoing. This is a rapid developing BSCC of the uterine cervix, although we cannot actually ascertain when it started and how rapidly it progressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/therapy
  7. Mediastinal hepatocellular carcinoma with unknown primary: an unusual and rare presentation
    Koh PS, Yusof MM, Yoong BK, Rajadurai P
    J Gastrointest Cancer, 2014 Dec;45 Suppl 1:74-6.
    PMID: 24045908 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-013-9549-8
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary*
  8. Dysregulation of miR-31 and miR-375 expression is associated with clinical outcomes in oral carcinoma
    Siow MY, Ng LP, Vincent-Chong VK, Jamaludin M, Abraham MT, Abdul Rahman ZA, et al.
    Oral Dis, 2014 May;20(4):345-51.
    PMID: 23651447 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12118
    To identify differentially expressed miRNA between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and non-cancer (NC) and to associate these with clinico-pathological parameters.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
  9. Fulltext Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in formalin fixed paraffin embedded biopsies in Malaysian non-small cell lung cancer patients
    Shi Yeen TN, Pathmanathan R, Shiran MS, Ahmad Zaid FA, Cheah YK
    J Biomed Sci, 2013 Apr 16;20:22.
    PMID: 23590575 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-22
    BACKGROUND: Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are reportedly associated with various responses in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving the anti-EGFR agents. Detection of the mutation therefore plays an important role in therapeutic decision making. The aim of this study was to detect EGFR mutations in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples using both Scorpion ARMS and high resolution melt (HRM) assay, and to compare the sensitivity of these methods.

    RESULTS: All of the mutations were found in adenocarcinoma, except one that was in squamous cell carcinoma. The mutation rate was 45.7% (221/484). Complex mutations were also observed, wherein 8 tumours carried 2 mutations and 1 tumour carried 3 mutations.

    CONCLUSIONS: Both methods detected EGFR mutations in FFPE samples. HRM assays gave more EGFR positive results compared to Scorpion ARMS.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics*; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
  10. Oral cancer survival among Malay patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan
    Razak AA, Saddki N, Naing NN, Abdullah N
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2010;11(1):187-91.
    PMID: 20593955
    AIMS: This study was performed to determine oral cancer survival among Malay patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Kelantan.

    METHODS: The medical records of 118 Malay patients with oral cancer admitted in HUSM from 1st January 1986 to 31st December 2005 were reviewed. Data collected include socio-demographic background, high-risk habits practiced, clinical and histological characteristics, and treatment profile of the patients. Survival status and duration were determined by active validation until 31st December 2006. Data entry and analysis were accomplished using SPSS version 12.0. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to perform survival estimates while the log-rank test and the Cox proportional hazards regression model were employed to perform univariate analysis and multivariable analysis of the variables, respectively.

    RESULTS: The overall five-year survival rate of Malay patients with oral cancer was 18.0%, with a median survival time of 9 months. Significant factors that influenced survival of the patients were age, sex, tumour site, TNM stage, histological type, and treatment received.

    CONCLUSION: Survival of oral cancer patients in HUSM was very low. Being elderly, male, presenting with an advanced stage at diagnosis, and not having treatment all contributed to poor survival.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
  11. Posttraumatic growth: a novel concept in oral cavity cancer care?
    Rajandram RK, Jenewein J, McGrath CP, Zwahlen RA
    Oral Oncol, 2010 Nov;46(11):791-4.
    PMID: 20850373 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.08.010
    Recently the importance of posttraumatic growth (PTG), a phenomenon of positive psychological growth beyond baseline values, has been discovered in the field of oncology. An evidence based review of the literature regarding PTG was performed, both to support its understanding and to consider its application within the research field of oral cavity (OC) cancer. A Pubmed, Medline, PsycINFO search from the earliest date until April 2010 was carried out. Full articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed. The search yielded 852 papers, 91 'potentially relevant papers' and 29 'effective papers', the latter of which formed the basis of this review. PTG was assessed in twenty-eight studies with the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory and in only one study with the Perceived Benefits Scale (PBS). PTG in cancer patients has been reported in five main domains (i) appreciation of life, (ii) relating to others, (iii) increased personal sense, (iv) sense of new possibilities and (v) positive spiritual change. Socio-demographic factors, stressor characteristics and coping strategies influence and predict the development PTG. In the past decade an increasing interest in the concept of PTG in the field of oncology has emerged. This evidence based review presents PTG to the research community in the field of OC cancer, appraises its modification capacity of the treatment outcome in other cancer research fields and hypothesizes its eventual benefit in the field of OC cancer research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/psychology*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/rehabilitation
  12. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of inguinal lymph node--a case report
    Pailoor J, Iyengar KR, Chan KS, Sumithra S
    Malays J Pathol, 2008 Dec;30(2):115-9.
    PMID: 19291921
    Follicular dendritic cell sarcomas (FDCS) are rare neoplasms that involve lymph nodes or extranodal sites. They show varied histological features and thus can be mistaken for carcinoma or sarcoma. Correct identification is important for further management. A 43-year-old Indian female presented with a three-month history of progressive swelling at the right inguinal region. It was excised completely and was reported as lymph node with metastatic poorly differentiated carcinoma based on Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain findings. Computerized tomography (CT) scans of thorax, abdomen and pelvis were normal and did not reveal a primary site. Following this, the case was referred to one of the authors. The slides were reviewed and a variety of immunocytochemical markers were done. The tumour cells were negative for epithelial, melanocytic, neural, leucocyte and soft tissue tumour markers. They were immunopositive for CD21, CD35 and negative for CD68. Based on the immunocytochemical findings, a final diagnosis of FDCS was made. This case highlights the histological and immunophenotypical profile of a rare tumour which requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/pathology; Carcinoma/secondary
  13. Fulltext Association of Ki67 with raised transaminases in hepatocellular carcinoma
    Cheah PL, Looi LM, Nazarina AR, Mun KS, Goh KL
    Malays J Pathol, 2008 Dec;30(2):103-7.
    PMID: 19291919 MyJurnal
    Transaminase enzymes, alanine (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), have been reported to be raised and implicated to have prognostic value in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ki67, a marker of cellular proliferative activity, has also been noted to be increased in HCC. A study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur to determine the possible association of proliferative activity, as determined by Ki67, with the transaminase enzymes. 31 cases of histologically diagnosed HCC who underwent tumour resection were retrieved from departmental archives. The patients' ages ranged between 40 to 79 years with a mean of 58.3 years. There was a male preponderance with M:F = 2.9:1. Ethnic Chinese formed 83.9% of the cases. 4 microm sections, cut from the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumour tissue block of each case, were immunohistochemically stained with Ki67 (DAKO monoclonal MIB-1) using the commercial DakoCytomation EnVision+System-HRP kit. The latest ALT and AST levels, assayed within 7 days prior to tumour resection, were retrieved from the patients' case records. 24 (77.4%) HCC demonstrated elevation of either ALT and/or AST. 27 (87.1%) HCC were immunopositive for Ki67. Ki67 immunoexpression was significantly correlated with raised transaminases (p<0.05). Hypothetically, the mechanism by which this phenomenon may occur may simply be release of transaminases due to destruction of hepatocytes by the cancer. Thus rising levels of the transaminases could signal a more rapid growth of the tumour and these routinely performed tests can be of prognostic value in management of HCC patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism*; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
  14. Locally advanced anourological verrucous carcinoma: a multidisciplinary approach
    Koh PS, Roslani AC, Leow M, Ng CL, Lee GE
    Tech Coloproctol, 2009 Mar;13(1):101.
    PMID: 19288239 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-009-0464-8
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Verrucous/pathology; Carcinoma, Verrucous/surgery*
  15. Differential expression of a subset of ribosomal protein genes in cell lines derived from human nasopharyngeal epithelium
    Sim EU, Ang CH, Ng CC, Lee CW, Narayanan K
    J Hum Genet, 2010 Feb;55(2):118-20.
    PMID: 19927161 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2009.124
    Extraribosomal functions of human ribosomal proteins (RPs) include the regulation of cellular growth and differentiation, and are inferred from studies that linked congenital disorders and cancer to the deregulated expression of RP genes. We have previously shown the upregulation and downregulation of RP genes in tumors of colorectal and nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs), respectively. Herein, we show that a subset of RP genes for the large ribosomal subunit is differentially expressed among cell lines derived from the human nasopharyngeal epithelium. Three such genes (RPL27, RPL37a and RPL41) were found to be significantly downregulated in all cell lines derived from NPC tissues compared with a nonmalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line. The expression of RPL37a and RPL41 genes in human nasopharyngeal tissues has not been reported previously. Our findings support earlier suspicions on the existence of NPC-associated RP genes, and indicate their importance in human nasopharyngeal organogenesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/genetics; Carcinoma/metabolism*
  16. Fulltext Lack of Rb2/p130 genetic alteration in Malaysian nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Hoe SL, Lee ES, Khoo AS, Peh SC
    Malays J Pathol, 2009 Jun;31(1):53-6.
    PMID: 19694314 MyJurnal
    The retinoblastoma-related gene Rb2/p130 has been reported to be mutated in several malignancies such as lung cancer and Burkitt's lymphoma. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in Malaysia especially amongst the ethnic Chinese. We screened for Rb2/p130 gene (exons 19 to 21) mutations in 53 archival NPC samples via PCR-SSCP-direct sequencing approach. Only one sample had a base change which involved a serine to glycine substitution at codon 995 (S995G). We conclude that Rb2/p130 genetic alterations are infrequent in NPC and may not be essential for the pathogenesis of the disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/genetics*; Carcinoma/pathology
  17. Follicular thyroid carcinoma with direct tumour extension into the great cervical veins and right atrium: is transcervical thrombectomy a safe option?
    Taib NA, Hisham AN
    Asian J Surg, 2007 Jul;30(3):216-9.
    PMID: 17638642
    Direct tumour extension into the internal jugular veins (IJV) and right atrium in thyroid cancer is extremely uncommon. We report three cases of advanced thyroid cancer invading into the IJV and right atrium. All three patients had well-differentiated thyroid cancer and presented with typical clinical picture of the superior cava syndrome coupled with significant compressive symptoms. Two patients had obvious tumour thrombus extending to the superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium, whilst in one patient, the thrombus extended to the SVC close to the edge of the right atrium. In all three patients, the intraluminal tumour thrombus was clinically palpable. Involvement of the IJV, SVC and right atrium was confirmed with computed tomography (CT) scan and echocardiography. The decision to extract the thrombus transcervically was made on the basis of the positive "ring sign", which is a thin rim of contrast surrounding the tumour thrombus documented on CT. All three patients underwent total thyroidectomy with segmental resection and ligation of the IJV. The tumour thrombus was successfully extracted transcervically. The histopathology report confirmed follicular carcinoma in all three patients. Two patients had radioiodine ablation therapy postoperatively, and were well 18 months after operation. One patient who had lung metastases documented on chest CT succumbed to the disease due to massive haemoptysis 3 weeks after operation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/secondary*; Carcinoma/surgery
  18. Fulltext Clinical presentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Sarawak Malaysia
    Tiong TS, Selva KS
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Dec;60(5):624-8.
    PMID: 16515114
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common cancer in Malaysia. The clinical presentation in Sarawak has not been well documented. A retrospective review of 213 selected NPC cases was undertaken on the clinical records in Sarawak General Hospital, Sarawak, from June 1999 to June 2003. There were 116 patients in Kuching and 97 in Serian. There were twice as many males as females. The youngest patient was 16 and the oldest 88 years old with a mean age of 51 years. The four most common symptoms in order of frequencies were cervical lymphadenopathy, epistaxis, hearing loss and diplopia. 80.8% of the patients presented with cervical lymphadenopathy and about 85% of the patients presented in the advanced stages. Very small percentages of the patients were found to have single presenting symptoms of epistaxis (2.4%) and hearing loss (0.5%).
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/complications*; Carcinoma/pathology
  19. Unusual form of superficial spreading microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix involving the endometrium of uterus
    Tan GC, Isa MR, Ng SP, Jamil YM
    J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 2004 Oct;30(5):363-7.
    PMID: 15327449
    Microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a recognized entity and is defined as carcinoma with invasion of less than 5 mm penetration of the stroma and seldom metastasized. Our patient was a 70-year-old, multiparous woman who had a microinvasive, cervical, squamous cell carcinoma. The tumor had spread superficially into the entire endometrial cavity up to the fundus, totally replacing the columnar epithelium. This is an extremely rare phenomenon, with fewer than 20 cases reported so far in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis*; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
  20. Fulltext Metastatic cervical carcinoma in the caecum
    Marjmin O, Badrulhisham B, Teoh CM, Sukumar N, Ahmad Zakuan K
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):97-8.
    PMID: 16250290
    A patient who presented with acute intestinal obstruction had a right hemicolectomy for a caecal tumour. The histopathology report confirmed metastatic carcinoma in the caecum from the cervical carcinoma. Caecum is a very rare site of metastasis from cervical carcinoma. From our literature review, there have been no such cases reported.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/complications; Carcinoma/secondary*
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