Displaying publications 281 - 300 of 493 in total

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  1. Low YM, Chong CW, Yap IKS, Chai LC, Clarke SC, Ponnampalavanar S, et al.
    Pathog Glob Health, 2018 10;112(7):378-386.
    PMID: 30380366 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2018.1538281
    The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant pathogens poses a serious threat to global health. However, less emphasis has been placed to co-relate the gene expression and metabolism of antibiotic resistant pathogens. This study aims to elucidate gene expression and variations in metabolism of multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae after exposure to antibiotics. Phenotypic responses of three genotypically distinct carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains untreated and treated with sub-lethal concentrations of imipenem were investigated via phenotype microarrays (PM). The gene expression and metabolism of the strain harboring blaNDM-1 before and after exposure to sub-lethal concentration of imipenem were further investigated by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) and 1H NMR spectroscopy respectively. Most genes related to cell division, central carbon metabolism and nucleotide metabolism were downregulated after imipenem treatment. Similarly, 1H NMR spectra obtained from treated CRKP showed decrease in levels of bacterial end products (acetate, pyruvate, succinate, formate) and metabolites involved in nucleotide metabolism (uracil, xanthine, hypoxanthine) but elevated levels of glycerophosphocholine. The presence of anserine was also observed for the treated CRKP while FAPγ-adenine and methyladenine were only present in untreated bacterial cells. As a conclusion, the studied CRKP strain exhibited decrease in central carbon metabolism, cell division and nucleotide metabolism after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of imipenem. The understanding of the complex biological system of this multidrug resistant bacterium may help in the development of novel strategies and potential targets for the management of the infections.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/physiology
  2. Leisner JJ, Vancanneyt M, Van der Meulen R, Lefebvre K, Engelbeen K, Hoste B, et al.
    Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 2005 May;55(Pt 3):1267-1270.
    PMID: 15879266 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63434-0
    Three lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains obtained from a Malaysian acid-fermented condiment, tempoyak (made from pulp of the durian fruit), showed analogous but distinct patterns after screening by SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins and comparison with profiles of all recognized LAB species. 16S rRNA gene sequencing of one representative strain showed that the taxon belongs phylogenetically to the genus Leuconostoc, with its nearest neighbour being Leuconostoc fructosum (98 % sequence similarity). Biochemical characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated that the strains differ from Leuconostoc fructosum and represent a single, novel Leuconostoc species for which the name Leuconostoc durionis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 22556(T) (= LAB 1679(T) = D-24(T) = CCUG 49949(T)).
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/analysis; Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification
  3. Ghafourian S, Raftari M, Sadeghifard N, Sekawi Z
    Curr Issues Mol Biol, 2014;16:9-14.
    PMID: 23652423
    The toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are systems in which an unstable antitoxin inhibits a stable toxin. This review aims to introduce the TA system and its biological application in bacteria. For this purpose, first we introduce a new classification for the TA systems based on how the antitoxin can neutralize the toxin, we then describe the functions of TA systems and finally review the application of these systems in biotechnology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
  4. Wong EW, Yusof MY, Mansor MB, Anbazhagan D, Ong SY, Sekaran SD
    Singapore Med J, 2009 Aug;50(8):822-6.
    PMID: 19710984
    The AdeABC pump of Acinetobacter spp. confers resistance to various antibiotic classes. This pump is composed of the AdeA, AdeB, and AdeC proteins where AdeB is a member of the resistance-nodulation-division efflux pump superfamily. The adeA, adeB, and adeC genes are contiguous and adjacent to adeS and adeR, which are transcribed in the opposite direction and which specify proteins homologous to sensors and regulators of two-component systems, respectively. In this study, an attempt is made to elucidate the role of the AdeABC efflux pump in carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter spp.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics*; Bacterial Proteins/physiology
  5. Sung YY, Dhaene T, Defoirdt T, Boon N, MacRae TH, Sorgeloos P, et al.
    Cell Stress Chaperones, 2009 Nov;14(6):603-9.
    PMID: 19373565 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-009-0112-2
    Feeding of bacterially encapsulated heat shock proteins (Hsps) to invertebrates is a novel way to limit Vibrio infection. As an example, ingestion of Escherichia coli overproducing prokaryotic Hsps significantly improves survival of gnotobiotically cultured Artemia larvae upon challenge with pathogenic Vibrio campbellii. The relationship between Hsp accumulation and enhanced resistance to infection may involve DnaK, the prokaryotic equivalent to Hsp70, a major molecular chaperone in eukaryotic cells. In support of this proposal, heat-stressed bacterial strains LVS 2 (Bacillus sp.), LVS 3 (Aeromonas hydrophila), LVS 8 (Vibrio sp.), GR 8 (Cytophaga sp.), and GR 10 (Roseobacter sp.) were shown in this work to be more effective than nonheated bacteria in protecting gnotobiotic Artemia larvae against V. campbellii challenge. Immunoprobing of Western blots and quantification by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that the amount of DnaK in bacteria and their ability to enhance larval resistance to infection by V. campbellii are correlated. Although the function of DnaK is uncertain, it may improve tolerance to V. campbellii via immune stimulation, a possibility of significance from a fundamental perspective and also because it could be applied in aquaculture, a major method of food production.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis*; Bacterial Proteins/immunology
  6. Romero M, Silistre H, Lovelock L, Wright VJ, Chan KG, Hong KW, et al.
    Nucleic Acids Res, 2018 Jul 27;46(13):6823-6840.
    PMID: 29718466 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky324
    Pseudomonads typically carry multiple non-identical alleles of the post-transcriptional regulator rsmA. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, RsmN is notable in that its structural rearrangement confers distinct and overlapping functions with RsmA. However, little is known about the specificities of RsmN for its target RNAs and overall impact on the biology of this pathogen. We purified and mapped 503 transcripts directly bound by RsmN in P. aeruginosa. About 200 of the mRNAs identified encode proteins of demonstrated function including some determining acute and chronic virulence traits. For example, RsmN reduces biofilm development both directly and indirectly via multiple pathways, involving control of Pel exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and c-di-GMP levels. The RsmN targets identified are also shared with RsmA, although deletion of rsmN generally results in less pronounced phenotypes than those observed for ΔrsmA or ΔrsmArsmNind mutants, probably as a consequence of different binding affinities. Targets newly identified for the Rsm system include the small non-coding RNA CrcZ involved in carbon catabolite repression, for which differential binding of RsmN and RsmA to specific CrcZ regions is demonstrated. The results presented here provide new insights into the intricacy of riboregulatory networks involving multiple but distinct RsmA homologues.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism*
  7. Sayyed AH, Raymond B, Ibiza-Palacios MS, Escriche B, Wright DJ
    Appl Environ Microbiol, 2004 Dec;70(12):7010-7.
    PMID: 15574894
    The long-term usefulness of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry toxins, either in sprays or in transgenic crops, may be compromised by the evolution of resistance in target insects. Managing the evolution of resistance to B. thuringiensis toxins requires extensive knowledge about the mechanisms, genetics, and ecology of resistance genes. To date, laboratory-selected populations have provided information on the diverse genetics and mechanisms of resistance to B. thuringiensis, highly resistant field populations being rare. However, the selection pressures on field and laboratory populations are very different and may produce resistance genes with distinct characteristics. In order to better understand the genetics, biochemical mechanisms, and ecology of field-evolved resistance, a diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) field population (Karak) which had been exposed to intensive spraying with B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was collected from Malaysia. We detected a very high level of resistance to Cry1Ac; high levels of resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Fa; and a moderate level of resistance to Cry1Ca. The toxicity of Cry1Ja to the Karak population was not significantly different from that to a standard laboratory population (LAB-UK). Notable features of the Karak population were that field-selected resistance to B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki did not decline at all in unselected populations over 11 generations in laboratory microcosm experiments and that resistance to Cry1Ac declined only threefold over the same period. This finding may be due to a lack of fitness costs expressed by resistance strains, since such costs can be environmentally dependent and may not occur under ordinary laboratory culture conditions. Alternatively, resistance in the Karak population may have been near fixation, leading to a very slow increase in heterozygosity. Reciprocal genetic crosses between Karak and LAB-UK populations indicated that resistance was autosomal and recessive. At the highest dose of Cry1Ac tested, resistance was completely recessive, while at the lowest dose, it was incompletely dominant. A direct test of monogenic inheritance based on a backcross of F1 progeny with the Karak population suggested that resistance to Cry1Ac was controlled by a single locus. Binding studies with 125I-labeled Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac revealed greatly reduced binding to brush border membrane vesicles prepared from this field population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/metabolism*; Bacterial Proteins/pharmacology*
  8. Tan SH, Normi YM, Leow AT, Salleh AB, Karjiban RA, Murad AM, et al.
    BMC Struct Biol, 2014 Mar 19;14:11.
    PMID: 24641837 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6807-14-11
    BACKGROUND: At least a quarter of any complete genome encodes for hypothetical proteins (HPs) which are largely non-similar to other known, well-characterized proteins. Predicting and solving their structures and functions is imperative to aid understanding of any given organism as a complete biological system. The present study highlights the primary effort to classify and cluster 1202 HPs of Bacillus lehensis G1 alkaliphile to serve as a platform to mine and select specific HP(s) to be studied further in greater detail.

    RESULTS: All HPs of B. lehensis G1 were grouped according to their predicted functions based on the presence of functional domains in their sequences. From the metal-binding group of HPs of the cluster, an HP termed Bleg1_2507 was discovered to contain a thioredoxin (Trx) domain and highly-conserved metal-binding ligands represented by Cys69, Cys73 and His159, similar to all prokaryotic and eukaryotic Sco proteins. The built 3D structure of Bleg1_2507 showed that it shared the βαβαββ core structure of Trx-like proteins as well as three flanking β-sheets, a 310 -helix at the N-terminus and a hairpin structure unique to Sco proteins. Docking simulations provided an interesting view of Bleg1_2507 in association with its putative cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII) redox partner, Bleg1_2337, where the latter can be seen to hold its partner in an embrace, facilitated by hydrophobic and ionic interactions between the proteins. Although Bleg1_2507 shares relatively low sequence identity (47%) to BsSco, interestingly, the predicted metal-binding residues of Bleg1_2507 i.e. Cys-69, Cys-73 and His-159 were located at flexible active loops similar to other Sco proteins across biological taxa. This highlights structural conservation of Sco despite their various functions in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

    CONCLUSIONS: We propose that HP Bleg1_2507 is a Sco protein which is able to interact with COXII, its redox partner and therefore, may possess metallochaperone and redox functions similar to other documented bacterial Sco proteins. It is hoped that this scientific effort will help to spur the search for other physiologically relevant proteins among the so-called "orphan" proteins of any given organism.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/metabolism*; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry*
  9. Huang J, Zagai U, Hallmans G, Nyrén O, Engstrand L, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, et al.
    Int J Cancer, 2017 Apr 15;140(8):1727-1735.
    PMID: 28032715 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30590
    The association between H. pylori infection and pancreatic cancer risk remains controversial. We conducted a nested case-control study with 448 pancreatic cancer cases and their individually matched control subjects, based on the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, to determine whether there was an altered pancreatic cancer risk associated with H. pylori infection and chronic corpus atrophic gastritis. Conditional logistic regression models were applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for matching factors and other potential confounders. Our results showed that pancreatic cancer risk was neither associated with H. pylori seropositivity (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.31) nor CagA seropositivity (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.48). We also did not find any excess risk among individuals seropositive for H. pylori but seronegative for CagA, compared with the group seronegative for both antibodies (OR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.63, 1.38). However, we found that chronic corpus atrophic gastritis was non-significantly associated with an increased pancreatic cancer risk (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 0.77, 2.37), and although based on small numbers, the excess risk was particularly marked among individuals seronegative for both H. pylori and CagA (OR = 5.66; 95% CI: 1.59, 20.19, p value for interaction 
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics*; Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification
  10. Lau YY, How KY, Yin WF, Chan KG
    Microbiologyopen, 2018 Dec;7(6):e00610.
    PMID: 29982994 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.610
    In gram-negative bacteria, bacterial communication or quorum sensing (QS) is achieved using common signaling molecules known as N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL). We have previously reported the genome of AHL-producing bacterium, Enterobacter asburiae strain L1. In silico analysis of the strain L1 genome revealed the presence of a pair of luxI/R genes responsible for AHL-type QS, designated as easIR. In this work, the 639 bp luxI homolog, encoding 212 amino acids, have been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)pLysS. The purified protein (~25 kDa) shares high similarity to several members of the LuxI family among different E asburiae strains. Our findings showed that the heterologously expressed EasI protein has activated violacein production by AHL biosensor Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 as the wild-type E. asburiae. The mass spectrometry analysis showed the production of N-butanoyl homoserine lactone and N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone from induced E. coli harboring the recombinant EasI, suggesting that EasI is a functional AHL synthase. E. asburiae strain L1 was also shown to possess biofilm-forming characteristic activity using crystal violet binding assay. This is the first report on cloning and characterization of the luxI homolog from E. asburiae.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics*; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
  11. Abd Rahman RN, Ali MS, Sugiyama S, Leow AT, Inoue T, Basri M, et al.
    Protein Pept Lett, 2015;22(2):173-9.
    PMID: 25329331
    Geobacillus zalihae sp. nov., which produces a putative thermostable lipase, represents a novel species, with type strain T1. The characterisation of this intrinsically thermostable T1 lipase either physicochemically or structurally is an important task. The crystallisation of T1lipase in space was carried out using a High-Density Protein Crystal Growth (HDPCG) apparatus with the vapour diffusion method, and X-ray diffraction data were collected. The microgravity environment has improved the size and quality of the crystals as compared to earth grown crystal. The effect of microgravity on the crystallisation of T1 lipase was clearly evidenced by the finer atomic details at 1.35 A resolution. Better electron densities were observed overall compared with the Earth-grown crystals, and comparison shows the subtle but distinct conformations around Na(+) ion binding site stabilized via cation-π interactions. This approach could be useful for solving structure and function of lipases towards exploiting its potentials to various industrial applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins
  12. Ranjani V, Janeček S, Chai KP, Shahir S, Abdul Rahman RN, Chan KG, et al.
    Sci Rep, 2014 Jul 28;4:5850.
    PMID: 25069018 DOI: 10.1038/srep05850
    The α-amylases from Anoxybacillus species (ASKA and ADTA), Bacillus aquimaris (BaqA) and Geobacillus thermoleovorans (GTA, Pizzo and GtamyII) were proposed as a novel group of the α-amylase family GH13. An ASKA yielding a high percentage of maltose upon its reaction on starch was chosen as a model to study the residues responsible for the biochemical properties. Four residues from conserved sequence regions (CSRs) were thus selected, and the mutants F113V (CSR-I), Y187F and L189I (CSR-II) and A161D (CSR-V) were characterised. Few changes in the optimum reaction temperature and pH were observed for all mutants. Whereas the Y187F (t1/2 43 h) and L189I (t1/2 36 h) mutants had a lower thermostability at 65°C than the native ASKA (t1/2 48 h), the mutants F113V and A161D exhibited an improved t1/2 of 51 h and 53 h, respectively. Among the mutants, only the A161D had a specific activity, k(cat) and k(cat)/K(m) higher (1.23-, 1.17- and 2.88-times, respectively) than the values determined for the ASKA. The replacement of the Ala-161 in the CSR-V with an aspartic acid also caused a significant reduction in the ratio of maltose formed. This finding suggests the Ala-161 may contribute to the high maltose production of the ASKA.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry*
  13. Mohamad Aris SN, Thean Chor AL, Mohamad Ali MS, Basri M, Salleh AB, Raja Abd Rahman RN
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:904381.
    PMID: 24516857 DOI: 10.1155/2014/904381
    Three-dimensional structure of thermostable lipase is much sought after nowadays as it is important for industrial application mainly found in the food, detergent, and pharmaceutical sectors. Crystallization utilizing the counter diffusion method in space was performed with the aim to obtain high resolution diffracting crystals with better internal order to improve the accuracy of the structure. Thermostable T1 lipase enzyme has been crystallized in laboratory on earth and also under microgravity condition aboard Progress spacecraft to the ISS in collaboration with JAXA (Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency). This study is conducted with the aims of improving crystal packing and structure resolution. The diffraction data set for ground grown crystal was collected to 1.3 Å resolution and belonged to monoclinic C2 space group with unit cell parameters a = 117.40 Å, b = 80.95 Å, and c = 99.81 Å, whereas the diffraction data set for space grown crystal was collected to 1.1 Å resolution and belonged to monoclinic C2 space group with unit cell parameters a = 117.31 Å, b = 80.85 Å, and c = 99.81 Å. The major difference between the two crystal growth systems is the lack of convection and sedimentation in microgravity environment resulted in the growth of much higher quality crystals of T1 lipase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins
  14. Ramli AN, Azhar MA, Shamsir MS, Rabu A, Murad AM, Mahadi NM, et al.
    J Mol Model, 2013 Aug;19(8):3369-83.
    PMID: 23686283 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-013-1861-5
    A novel α-amylase was isolated successfully from Glaciozyma antarctica PI12 using DNA walking and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods. The structure of this psychrophilic α-amylase (AmyPI12) from G. antarctica PI12 has yet to be studied in detail. A 3D model of AmyPI12 was built using a homology modelling approach to search for a suitable template and to generate an optimum target-template alignment, followed by model building using MODELLER9.9. Analysis of the AmyPI12 model revealed the presence of binding sites for a conserved calcium ion (CaI), non-conserved calcium ions (CaII and CaIII) and a sodium ion (Na). Compared with its template-the thermostable α-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (BSTA)-the binding of CaII, CaIII and Na ions in AmyPI12 was observed to be looser, which suggests that the low stability of AmyPI12 allows the protein to work at different temperature scales. The AmyPI12 amino acid sequence and model were compared with thermophilic α-amylases from Bacillus species that provided the highest structural similarities with AmyPI12. These comparative studies will enable identification of possible determinants of cold adaptation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/classification; Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry*
  15. Rahman RN, Salleh AB, Basri M, Wong CF
    Int J Mol Sci, 2011;12(9):5797-814.
    PMID: 22016627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12095797
    Recombinant elastase strain K overexpressed from E. coli KRX/pCon2(3) was purified to homogeneity by a combination of hydrophobic interaction chromatography and ion exchange chromatography, with a final yield of 48% and a 25-fold increase in specific activity. The purified protein had exhibited a first ever reported homodimer size of 65 kDa by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF, a size which is totally distinct from that of typically reported 33 kDa monomer from P. aeruginosa. The organic solvent stability experiment had demonstrated a stability pattern which completely opposed the rules laid out in previous reports in which activity stability and enhancement were observed in hydrophilic organic solvents such as DMSO, methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol. The high stability and enhancement of the enzyme in hydrophilic solvents were explained from the view of alteration in secondary structures. Elastinolytic activation and stability were observed in 25 and 50% of methanol, respectively, despite slight reduction in α-helical structure caused upon the addition of the solvent. Further characterization experiments had postulated great stability and enhancement of elastase strain K in broad range of temperatures, pHs, metal ions, surfactants, denaturing agents and substrate specificity, indicating its potential application in detergent formulation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry
  16. Levitskiy SA, Sycheva AM, Kharlampieva DD, Oberto J, Kamashev DE, Serebryakova MV, et al.
    Biochimie, 2011 Jul;93(7):1102-9.
    PMID: 21443922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.03.005
    HU is a most abundant DNA-binding protein in bacteria. This protein is conserved either in its heterodimeric form or in one of its homodimeric forms in all bacteria, in plant chloroplasts, and in some viruses. HU protein non-specifically binds and bends DNA as a hetero- or homodimer and can participate in DNA supercoiling and DNA condensation. It also takes part in some DNA functions such as replication, recombination, and repair. HU does not recognize any specific sequences but shows some specificity to cruciform DNA and to repair intermediates, e.g., nick, gap, bulge, 3'-overhang, etc. To understand the features of HU binding to DNA and repair intermediates, a fast and easy HU proteins purification procedure is required. Here we report overproduction and purification of the HU homodimers. The method of HU purification allows obtaining a pure recombinant non-tagged protein cloned in Escherichia coli. We applied this method for purification of Acholeplasma laidlawii HU and demonstrated that this protein possesses a DNA-binding activity and is free of contaminating nuclease activity. Besides that we have shown that expression of A. laidlawii ihf_hu gene in a slow-growing hupAB E. coli strain restores the wild-type growth indicating that aclHU can perform the basic functions of E. coli HU in vivo.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism*
  17. Liew CW, Illias RM, Mahadi NM, Najimudin N
    FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2007 Nov;276(1):114-22.
    PMID: 17937670
    A Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene was isolated from alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. G1. The full-length sequence of the Na(+)/H(+) antiporter gene was obtained using a genome walking method, and designated as g1-nhaC. An ORF preceded by a promoter-like sequence and a Shine-Dalgarno sequence, and followed by a terminator-like sequence was identified. The deduced amino acid sequence consists of 535 amino acids, and a calculated molecular mass of 57 776 Da. g1-nhaC was subsequently cloned into pET22b(+) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Recombinant E. coli harboring the g1-nhaC gene was able to grow in modified L medium at various concentrations of NaCl (0.2-2.0 M) at different pH values. The recombinant bacteria grew well in the medium with concentrations of NaCl as high as 1.75 M at pH 8.0-9.0. Minimal growth was observed at 2.0 M NaCl, pH 8.0-9.0. At pH 10, the recombinant bacteria grew well in a medium with a low concentration of NaCl (0.2 M). These results suggested that the g1-NhaC antiporter from Bacillus sp. G1 plays a role in Na(+) extrusion at lower pH values and in pH homeostasis at pH 10 under Na(+)-limiting conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/genetics*; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry
  18. Palasubramaniam S, Subramaniam G, Muniandy S, Parasakthi N
    Microb Drug Resist, 2007;13(3):186-90.
    PMID: 17949305
    In this report, we describe the detection of AmpC and CMY-2 beta-lactamases with the loss of OmpK35 porin among seven sporadic strains of ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and ceftazidime-resistant Escherichia coli. Cefoxitin, which was used as a marker of resistance toward 7-alpha-methoxy-cephalosporins, exhibited high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging between 128 microg/ml and >256 microg/ml in all the strains. The presence of hyperproducing AmpC enzymes was indicated by the positive three-dimensional test. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) study confirmed the presence of AmpC enzymes in all the strains. The ampC gene was detected by PCR in all the strains and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Large plasmids in all the strains, ranging from 60 kb to 150 kb in size, most likely encode the ampC gene. Two E. coli strains out of the seven strains showed positive amplification of the bla(CMY-2) gene, an AmpC variant, and was confirmed by DNA sequence analyses. DNA hybridization confirmed the bla(CMY-2) gene to be plasmid-mediated in both of these strains. However, one of these two strains also mediated a chromosomal CMY gene. All the strains showed an absence of OmpK35 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE) and was confirmed by western blot analyses using raised polyclonal anti-OmpK35 antiserum. This suggests that, apart from CMY production, absence of OmpK35 porin also contributed to cefoxitin resistance resulting in extended-spectrum beta-lactam resistance among these isolates.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins/biosynthesis*; Bacterial Proteins/genetics; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
  19. Lean SS, Yeo CC, Suhaili Z, Thong KL
    Front Microbiol, 2015;6:1445.
    PMID: 26779129 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01445
    Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative nosocomial pathogen of importance due to its uncanny ability to acquire resistance to most antimicrobials. These include carbapenems, which are the drugs of choice for treating A. baumannii infections, and polymyxins, the drugs of last resort. Whole genome sequencing was performed on two clinical carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii AC29 and AC30 strains which had an indistinguishable ApaI pulsotype but different susceptibilities to polymyxin. Both genomes consisted of an approximately 3.8 Mbp circular chromosome each and several plasmids. AC29 (susceptible to polymyxin) and AC30 (resistant to polymyxin) belonged to the ST195 lineage and are phylogenetically clustered under the International Clone II (IC-II) group. An AbaR4-type resistance island (RI) interrupted the comM gene in the chromosomes of both strains and contained the bla OXA-23 carbapenemase gene and determinants for tetracycline and streptomycin resistance. AC29 harbored another copy of bla OXA-23 in a large (~74 kb) conjugative plasmid, pAC29b, but this gene was absent in a similar plasmid (pAC30c) found in AC30. A 7 kb Tn1548::armA RI which encodes determinants for aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance, is chromosomally-located in AC29 but found in a 16 kb plasmid in AC30, pAC30b. Analysis of known determinants for polymyxin resistance in AC30 showed mutations in the pmrA gene encoding the response regulator of the two-component pmrAB signal transduction system as well as in the lpxD, lpxC, and lpsB genes that encode enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Experimental evidence indicated that impairment of LPS along with overexpression of pmrAB may have contributed to the development of polymyxin resistance in AC30. Cloning of a novel variant of the bla AmpC gene from AC29 and AC30, and its subsequent expression in E. coli also indicated its likely function as an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins
  20. Le CF, Yusof MY, Hassan MA, Lee VS, Isa DM, Sekaran SD
    Sci Rep, 2015;5:11886.
    PMID: 26156658 DOI: 10.1038/srep11886
    We have previously designed a series of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and in the current study, the in vivo therapeutic efficacy and toxicity were investigated. Among all the peptides, DM3 conferred protection to a substantial proportion of the lethally infected mice caused by a strain of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Synergism was reported and therapeutic efficacy was significantly enhanced when DM3 was formulated in combination with penicillin (PEN). No toxicity was observed in mice receiving these treatments. The in silico molecular docking study results showed that, DM3 has a strong affinity towards three protein targets; autolysin and pneumococcal surface protein A (pspA). Thus AMPs could serve as supporting therapeutics in combination with conventional antibiotics to enhance treatment outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Proteins
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