MyMedR

Fulltext Understanding the Differentiation, Expansion, Recruitment and Suppressive Activities of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Cancers

Lim HX, Kim TS, Poh CL

Int J Mol Sci, 2020 May 20;21(10).

PMID: 32443699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103599

There has been a great interest in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) due to their biological functions in tumor-mediated immune escape by suppressing antitumor immune responses. These cells arise from altered myelopoiesis in response to the tumor-derived factors. The most recognized function of MDSCs is suppressing anti-tumor immune responses by impairing T cell functions, and these cells are the most important players in cancer dissemination and metastasis. Therefore, understanding the factors and the mechanism of MDSC differentiation, expansion, and recruitment into the tumor microenvironment can lead to its control. However, most of the studies only defined MDSCs with no further characterization of granulocytic and monocytic subsets. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which specific MDSC subsets contribute to cancers. A better understanding of MDSC subset development and the specific molecular mechanism is needed to identify treatment targets. The understanding of the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for MDSC accumulation would enable more precise therapeutic targeting of these cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/blood*; Neoplasms/immunology; Neoplasms/pathology

E-cadherin: Its dysregulation in carcinogenesis and clinical implications

Wong SHM, Fang CM, Chuah LH, Leong CO, Ngai SC

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 2018 Jan;121:11-22.

PMID: 29279096 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.11.010

E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein which connects epithelial cells together at adherens junctions. In normal cells, E-cadherin exerts its tumour suppressing role mainly by sequestering β-catenin from its binding to LEF (Lymphoid enhancer factor)/TCF (T cell factor) which serves the function of transcribing genes of the proliferative Wnt signaling pathway. Despite the ongoing debate on whether the loss of E-cadherin is the cause or effect of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), E-cadherin functional loss has frequently been associated with poor prognosis and survival in patients of various cancers. The dysregulation of E-cadherin expression that leads to carcinogenesis happens mostly at the epigenetic level but there are cases of genetic alterations as well. E-cadherin expression has been linked to the cellular functions of invasiveness reduction, growth inhibition, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and differentiation. Studies on various cancers have shown that these different cellular functions are also interdependent. Recent studies have reported a rapid expansion of E-cadherin clinical relevance in various cancers. This review article summarises the multifaceted effect E-cadherin expression has on cellular functions in the context of carcinogenesis as well as its clinical implications in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutics.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/genetics; Neoplasms/metabolism*; Neoplasms/pathology*

Fulltext Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumour - Case Report And Review Of The Literature

Khoo, Suan Phaik, Jalil, N., Yaacob, H.B.

Ann Dent, 1997;4(1):-.

MyJurnal

The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a rare benign odontogenic neoplasm which was first described by Pindborg in 1955. It accounts for less than 1% of all odontogenic lesions. A case of CEOT which presented together with cardiac abnomlalities is presented here and the literature of CEOT is reviewed.

Matched MeSH terms: Skin Neoplasms

Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival of women with T1N0M0, hormone receptor negative breast cancer

Bhoo-Pathy NT, Inaida S, Tanaka S, Taib NA, Yip CH, Saad M, et al.

Cancer Epidemiol, 2017 06;48:56-61.

PMID: 28371729 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2017.03.007

BACKGROUND: The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in women with T1N0M0 breast cancers is unclear. While gene expression-based prognostic assays may aid management of women with early estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors, therapeutic decision-making in women with early stage ER negative tumors remains fraught with difficulties. We investigated the association between adjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival in women with T1N0M0, hormone receptor negative breast cancers.

METHOD: All newly diagnosed breast cancer patients with node-negative and hormone receptor negative tumors measuring≤2cm at the University Malaya Medical Centre (Malaysia) from 1993 to 2013 were included. Mortality of patients with and without adjuvant chemotherapy were compared and adjusted for possible confounders using propensity score.

RESULTS: Of 6732 breast cancer patients, 341 (5.1%) had small (≤2cm), node-negative and hormone receptor negative tumors at diagnosis. Among them, only 214 (62.8%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Five-year overall survival was 88.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 82.0%-94.2%) for patients receiving chemotherapy and 89.6% (95% CI: 85.1%-94.1%) for patients without chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was not associated with survival following adjustment for age, ethnicity, tumor size, tumor grade, HER2 status, lympho-vascular invasion, type of surgery and radiotherapy administration. However, chemotherapy was associated with a significant survival advantage (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.14-0.91) in a subgroup of women with high-grade tumors.

CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy does not appear to be associated with a survival benefit in women with T1N0M0, hormone receptor negative breast cancer except in those with high-grade tumors.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Breast Neoplasms/mortality; Breast Neoplasms/pathology

Recurrent Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma of Endometrium With Bone Metastases

Khoo ACH, Rashid NKA

Clin Nucl Med, 2017 Aug;42(8):635-636.

PMID: 28481802 DOI: 10.1097/RLU.0000000000001694

Endometrial cancer, a common cancer affecting women, has the tendency to metastasize to the lung and liver. Bone metastases in endometrial cancers are rare and accounts for less than 1% of the overall incidence of metastases. We report a case of a 30-year-old single nulliparous woman with metastatic recurrence of endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the endometrium involving the pelvic bone, and the role of bone scintigraphy in detection and staging of the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Neoplasms/secondary*; Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology*

Fulltext Cutaneous tumour seeding at percutaneous transhepatic biliary drain (PTBD) site from pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Ho, C.C.K., Razman, J., Shaharin, S.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2007;6(1):1-5.

MyJurnal

Percutaneous needle procedures are known to carry the rare complication of seeding along the tract. Here we would like to present a case of seeding along a percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) tract, to the skin, from a pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Matched MeSH terms: Pancreatic Neoplasms

Meigs' syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Fook CW

Med J Malaya, 1970 Sep;25(1):58-60.

PMID: 4250313

Matched MeSH terms: Abdominal Neoplasms/diagnosis; Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnosis

Fulltext Nephrectomy for a case of intrarenal dermoid cyst: was it an appropriate decision?

Christopher, C.K.H., Praveen, S., Goh, E.H., Tan, G.H., Rozman, Z., Zulkifli, M.Z., et al.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2011;1(1):25-27.

MyJurnal

Dermoid cyst in a kidney is rarely seen. We report a case of intrarenal dermoid cyst which mimics malignant renal tumour and discuss the dilemma in managing this disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Kidney Neoplasms

HLA and nasopharyngeal cancer

Simons MJ, Chan SH, Day NE, Wee GB, Shanmugaratnam K

Prog. Clin. Biol. Res., 1977;16:145-8.

PMID: 905319

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/genetics; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/immunology*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology

Fulltext The combined Platysma and Temporalis flap: an alternative method of reconstructing the cheek defect

Wan Mahadzir Mustafa, Khairulzaman Adnan

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(21):59-59.

MyJurnal

: Reconstruction of the primary defect following resection of primary tumour is part of
the surgical treatment of head and neck cancer.The present paper reports a case of reconstruction
of medium size through and through defect of the cheek with the transverse platysma
myocutaneous flap combined with the temporalis flap. (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the scalp: therapeutic challenges

Kanesen D, Zakaria Z, Ch'ng ES, Nandrajog P, Kandasamy R

ANZ J Surg, 2019 03;89(3):261-264.

PMID: 28513108 DOI: 10.1111/ans.14040

Matched MeSH terms: Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery*; Skin Neoplasms/surgery*

Fulltext Tissue and serum samples of patients with papillary thyroid cancer with and without benign background demonstrate different altered expression of proteins

Abdullah MI, Lee CC, Mat Junit S, Ng KL, Hashim OH

PeerJ, 2016;4:e2450.

PMID: 27672505 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2450

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is mainly diagnosed using fine-needle aspiration biopsy. This most common form of well-differentiated thyroid cancer occurs with or without a background of benign thyroid goiter (BTG).

Matched MeSH terms: Thyroid Neoplasms

Fulltext Scarless thyroid surgery

Rohaizak, M.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2018;8(2):1-2.

MyJurnal

Thyroidectomy for benign and malignant diseases has progressed dramatically over the last two decades. Moving from large collar incision to no scar is a very good news to the patient with neck swellings. The morbidity of the surgery remains low regardless of the technique and approaches used but scarless surgery is still limited to benign diseases and small cancers. Further study and future refinement of the technique might make these techniques also applicable to large tumours.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms

Fulltext Effects of Catharanthus roseus, Kalanchoe laciniata and Piper longum extracts on the proliferation of hormone-dependent breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (Caco2) cell lines

Asmah R, Zetti Nadia MZ, Abdah MA, Mohd Fadzelly AB

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2005;1(2):105-110.

Introduction: This research was conducted to investigate the effects of Catharanthus roseus (Kemunting Cina), Kalanchoe laciniata (Setawar Kampung) and Piper longum (Kadok Kampung) on the in vitro proliferation of hormone dependent breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (Caco2) cell lines. Methodology:The effects of Catharanthus roseus, Kalanchoe laciniata and Piper longum extracts (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts) on the cytotoxicity of MCF-7 and Caco2 cell lines were measured using (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) (MTT) assay. Results: Kalanchoe laciniata hexane extract showed significant inhibitions on MCF-7 carcinoma cell lines proliferation with IC50 value of 75.7 Âµg/ml. Catharanthus roseus extracts (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) inhibited MCF-7 cells proliferation at concentrations of 80, 70 and 90 mg/ml, respectively. Discussion: IC50 value of all extracts of Piper longum and Kalanchoe laciniata chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts on the proliferation of MCF-7 cancer cells could not be determined, as it did not demonstrate any appreciable inhibition on the cellular proliferation at the concentration tested. However, Piper longum chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts showed anti-tumourigenic effect against colon cancer (Caco2) with IC50 of 87 mg/ml and 20 mg/ml, respectively. Kalanchoe laciniata hexane extracts inhibited Caco2 cellular proliferation with IC50 value of 100 mg/ml. Catharanthus roseus chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts inhibited Caco2 proliferation at IC50 of 28.2 Âµg/ml and 74.1 mg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that only hexane extract of Kalanchoe laciniata was effective against cellular proliferations of MCF-7 while Piper longum was more effective in inhibiting Caco2 proliferations. However, both the herbs were not so effective against MCF-7 and Caco2 cell lines compared with Catharanthus roseus. Keywords: Catharanthus roseus, Kalanchoe laciniata, Piper longum, cytotoxicity

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms, Experimental

Diagnosis of cancer is not a death sentence: Examining posttraumatic growth and its associated factors in cancer patients

Leong Abdullah MFI, Hami R, Appalanaido GK, Azman N, Mohd Shariff N, Md Sharif SS

J Psychosoc Oncol, 2019 03 01;37(5):636-651.

PMID: 30821660 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2019.1574946

Objectives: Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is the experience of positive psychological growth as a result of struggle with highly challenging life crises. This study was conducted to investigate the degree of PTG and its associated factors, as well as to identify which positive psychological parameters most significantly associated with greater PTG among Malaysian cancer patients. Design, sample, & methods: This cross-sectional survey included 195 patients with different cancer diagnoses. Perceived spousal support, level of hope, level of optimism, and PTG were measured using various validated indexes. Findings: The total mean score for PTG Inventory-Short Form (PTGI-SF) was 39.87 (±9.09). Female gender, Islamic religious belief, and having higher level of hope and greater spousal support were associated with a higher PTGI-SF score, and the most significant predictor was the hope scale. Conclusions: Malaysian cancer patients exhibited a high level of PTG, and hope was the positive psychological factor which was most significantly associated with PTG. Implications for psychosocial providers: Psychosocial interventions that promote positive psychology should be included in the treatment for cancer patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/diagnosis; Neoplasms/psychology*; Neoplasms/therapy

Fulltext Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report 2012-2016

ISBN: 978-967-16142-0-4

Citation: Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report 2012-2016. Putrajaya: National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2019.

Older versions:
1. Lim GCC, Yahaya H, Lim TO. The first report of the National Cancer Registry-cancer incidence in Malaysia 2002. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre; Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2003.
http://www.crc.gov.my/documents/report/1st%20National%20Cancer%20Registry.pdf
2. Lim GCC, Yahaya H. Second report of the National Cancer Registry-cancer incidence in Malaysia 2003. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre; Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2004.
http://www.crc.gov.my/documents/report/2nd%20National%20Cancer%20Registry.pdf
3. Zainal Ariffin O, Nor Saleha IT. National Cancer Registry Report 2007. Putrajaya: National Cancer Registry, Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2011.
https://www.dropbox.com/s/0pnx95wpi96rz51/MOH2011_National%20Cancer%20Registry%202007.pdf?dl=0
4. Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report 2007-2011. Putrajaya: National Cancer Institute, Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2016.
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1pCsJIw0ysFccCMFA0XqzfbYu1OFDRbO_/view

Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with spinal secondaries

Elango S, Kareem BA, Chandrasekaran S, Azman N

J Laryngol Otol, 1991 Sep;105(9):772-3.

PMID: 1919352 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215100117281

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been reported to have a higher incidence of distant metastases as compared to other head and neck cancers. Distant metastases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been reported in the bones, lungs, liver, distant lymph nodes, brain and porta hepatis. This report presents a case of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with secondaries in the extradural space at the thoracic level of the spinal cord which hitherto has been an unreported site.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology*; Spinal Neoplasms/secondary*

Fulltext Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Epidemiological review in relation to its etiology

Prasad U

JUMMEC, 1996;1(2):23-27.

Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms

Primary sinonasal Ewing sarcoma: A case report

Amri MF, Abdullah A, Azmi MI, Mohd Zaki F, Md Pauzi SH

Malays J Pathol, 2021 Aug;43(2):319-325.

PMID: 34448796

BACKGROUND: Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive tumour which is typically skeletal in origin. ES involving the head and neck region is uncommon and can be easily confused with other small round blue cell tumours. We herein present a rare case of ES involving the sinonasal area.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 5-year-old Somalian boy with no known medical illness presented with progressive nasal blockage associated with clear nasal discharge and intermittent spontaneous epistaxis for three months. CT paranasal sinus and neck region revealed poorly enhancing expansile mass in the right maxillary sinus with areas of necrosis within. Initial radiological differential diagnoses were lymphoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. The mass was biopsied and histologically showed diffuse sheets of small round blue cells that was positive to CD99, NSE and vimentin. The muscle and lymphoid markers were negative. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) study revealed the presence of EWSR1 gene rearrangement thus diagnosis of ES was rendered.

CONCLUSIONS: ES of sinonasal tract is a rare entity and its pathological features significantly overlap with others small round blue cells tumour. Demonstration of EWSR1 gene translocation is recommended for the diagnosis of ES particularly at uncommon sites.

Matched MeSH terms: Bone Neoplasms*; Nose Neoplasms*

Modulation of oncogenic transcription factors by bioactive natural products in breast cancer

Hasanpourghadi M, Pandurangan AK, Mustafa MR

Pharmacol Res, 2018 02;128:376-388.

PMID: 28923544 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.009

Carcinogenesis, a multi-step phenomenon, characterized by alterations at genetic level and affecting the main intracellular pathways controlling cell growth and development. There are growing number of evidences linking oncogenes to the induction of malignancies, especially breast cancer. Modulations of oncogenes lead to gain-of-function signals in the cells and contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype. These signals yield a large number of proteins that cause cell growth and inhibit apoptosis. Transcription factors such as STAT, p53, NF-κB, c-JUN and FOXM1, are proteins that are conserved among species, accumulate in the nucleus, bind to DNA and regulate the specific genes targets. Oncogenic transcription factors resulting from the mutation or overexpression following aberrant gene expression relay the signals in the nucleus and disrupt the transcription pattern. Activation of oncogenic transcription factors is associated with control of cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and cell differentiation. Among different cancer types, breast cancer is one of top ten cancers worldwide. There are different subtypes of breast cancer cell-lines such as non-aggressive MCF-7 and aggressive and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, which are identified with distinct molecular profile and different levels of oncogenic transcription factor. For instance, MDA-MB-231 carries mutated and overexpressed p53 with its abnormal, uncontrolled downstream signalling pathway that account for resistance to several anticancer drugs compared to MCF-7 cells with wild-type p53. Appropriate enough, inhibition of oncogenic transcription factors has become a potential target in discovery and development of anti-tumour drugs against breast cancer. Plants produce diverse amount of organic metabolites. Universally, these metabolites with biological activities are known as "natural products". The chemical structure and function of natural products have been studied since 1850s. Investigating these properties leaded to recognition of their molecular effects as anticancer drugs. Numerous natural products extracted from plants, fruits, mushrooms and mycelia, show potential inhibitory effects against several oncogenic transcription factors in breast cancer. Natural compounds that target oncogenic transcription factors have increased the number of candidate therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current findings of natural products in targeting specific oncogenic transcription factors in breast cancer.

Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy; Breast Neoplasms/genetics; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism*

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