MyMedR

BACKGROUND: Network analysis provides a new viewpoint that explicates intertwined and interrelated symptoms into dynamic causal architectures of symptom clusters. This is a process called 'symptomics' and is concurrently applied to various areas of symptomatology.

AIMS: Using the data from Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antipsychotics (REAP-AP), we aimed to estimate a network model of extrapyramidal syndrome in patients with schizophrenia.

METHODS: Using data from REAP-AP, extrapyramidal symptoms of 1046 Asian patients with schizophrenia were evaluated using the nine items of the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS). The estimated network of the ordered-categorical DIEPSS items consisted of nodes (symptoms) and edges (interconnections). A community detection algorithm was also used to identify distinctive symptom clusters, and correlation stability coefficients were used to evaluate the centrality stability.

RESULTS: An interpretable level of node strength centrality was ensured with a correlation coefficient. An estimated network of extrapyramidal syndrome showed that 26 (72.2%) of all possible 35 edges were estimated to be greater than zero. Dyskinesia was most centrally situated within the estimated network. In addition, earlier antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms were divided into three distinctive clusters - extrapyramidal syndrome without parkinsonism, postural instability and gait difficulty-dominant parkinsonism, and tremor-dominant parkinsonism.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that dyskinesia is the most central domain in an estimated network structure of extrapyramidal syndrome in Asian patients with schizophrenia. These findings are consistent with the speculation that acute dystonia, akathisia, and parkinsonism could be the risk factors of tardive dyskinesia.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Fulltext Neurohormonal treatment in tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy precipitated by COVID-19

Kow CS, Hasan SS

Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed), 2021 02;74(2):200-201.

PMID: 32962968 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2020.09.002

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 infection: A review of the clinical-pathological correlations of Coronavirus disease-19 in children

Teo JTR, Abidin NH, Cheah FC

Malays J Pathol, 2020 12;42(3):349-361.

PMID: 33361715

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic of acute respiratory disease in just less than a year by the middle of 2020. This disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in significant mortality especially among the older age population and those with health co-morbidities. In contrast, children are relatively spared of this potentially ravaging disease that culminates in the acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and death. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces exuberant release of pro-inflammatory mediators, causing a "cytokine storm" and hypercoagulable states that underlie these complications. The SARS-CoV-2 infection median incubation is 5.1 days, with most developing symptoms by 11.5 days. It is highly infectious, spreading via the horizontal mode of transmission, but there is yet very limited evidence of vertical transmission to the newborn infant occurring either transplacentally or through breastfeeding. This said, various immune factors during childhood may modulate the expression of COVID-19, with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) at the severe end of the disease spectrum. This article gives an overview of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, clinical presentation and laboratory tests of COVID-19 and correlating with the current understanding of the pathological basis of this disease in the paediatric population.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Fulltext An overview of vaccine development for COVID-19

Shahcheraghi SH, Ayatollahi J, Aljabali AA, Shastri MD, Shukla SD, Chellappan DK, et al.

Ther Deliv, 2021 03;12(3):235-244.

PMID: 33624533 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0129

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to endanger world health and the economy. The causative SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has a unique replication system. The end point of the COVID-19 pandemic is either herd immunity or widespread availability of an effective vaccine. Multiple candidate vaccines - peptide, virus-like particle, viral vectors (replicating and nonreplicating), nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), live attenuated virus, recombinant designed proteins and inactivated virus - are presently under various stages of expansion, and a small number of vaccine candidates have progressed into clinical phases. At the time of writing, three major pharmaceutical companies, namely Pfizer and Moderna, have their vaccines under mass production and administered to the public. This review aims to investigate the most critical vaccines developed for COVID-19 to date.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Response to: 'COVID-19 among Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on hydroxychloroquine' by Teh et al

Mathian A, Amoura Z

Ann Rheum Dis, 2021 05;80(5):e70.

PMID: 32737109 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218173

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

COVID-19 among Malaysian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on hydroxychloroquine

Teh CL, Cheong YK, Wan Musa WR, Wan Mohd Akbar SA, Mat Husin N, Gun SC

Ann Rheum Dis, 2021 05;80(5):e69.

PMID: 32737111 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218154

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Vitamin C deficiency as an unusual cause of pulmonary hypertension and refusal to walk

Tan JWY, Lee OPE, Leong MC

Cardiol Young, 2021 Feb;31(2):322-324.

PMID: 33300487 DOI: 10.1017/S104795112000390X

Vitamin C deficiency has been a historical disease rarely seen nowadays. We illustrate a case of a boy with autism presenting with severe pulmonary hypertension and refusal to walk secondary to vitamin C deficiency. Initiating treatment with high-dose vitamin C reversed his symptoms and he regained full power of his lower limbs with total normalisation of his pulmonary pressures.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Fulltext Nepotism in the Recruitment and Selection Process of Workers: An Evaluation

AHMAD FAIZUAN BIN HAZEMI

Trends in Undergraduate Research, 2018;1(1):0-0.

MyJurnal

The process in recruitment and selection of new workers give an impact on the quality of human resource. This process is the main factor that influences the success of an organization. Nevertheless, there is one practice that could influence the process of recruitment and selection of new worker. This is the practice of nepotism. The practice of nepotism is an issue frequently debated because it is one of the dominant factor that influences the appraisal of an organization. This practice has to be abolished in order for our country to develop.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Development of Cell Penetrating Peptides for Effective Delivery of Recombinant Factors into Target Cells

Vijakumaran U, Nordin F, Hamid ZA, Abdullah M, Jun TG

Protein Pept Lett, 2020;27(11):1092-1101.

PMID: 32484079 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200525164135

The cell membrane is a protective layer that strictly controls the passage of molecules restricting the delivery of biomolecules such as drugs, oligonucleotides, peptides, and siRNA into the cells. This shortcoming has been overcome by the discovery of Cell-Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) that has undergone 30 years of evolution. To date, CPPs are largely modified to improve its efficacy and to suit the different delivery applications. The modes of CPPs penetration are still an unresolved mystery and requires further investigations to increase its effectiveness and to diversify its use. Despite having huge potential as a biomolecule carrier, CPPs also have some drawbacks. In this review, the natural and synthetic CPPs, the modifications that have been conducted on CPPs to improve its efficacy, its extended applications, modes of penetration and limitation as well as challenges will be discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Health Care in Malaysia: The Author Replies

Rannan-Eliya RP

Health Aff (Millwood), 2016 08 01;35(8):1547.

PMID: 27503989 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2016.0792

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Certain aspects of ovarian cancer

Khoon TN

Med J Malaysia, 1974 Sep;29(1):40-3.

PMID: 4282629

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

The dilemma of psychiatry

Deva MP

Med J Malaysia, 1978 Dec;33(2):100-1.

PMID: 755157

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Sulphanilamide in the treatment of malaria

Niven JC

Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1938;32:413-418.

DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(38)90055-0

1. An investigation is described in which eighty cases of acute malaria treated with prontosil are compared with sixty-eight cases treated with quinine bihydrochloride. 2. It is found that prontosil is not as efficient as quinine in P. falciparum malaria. 3. Prontosil is still less effective in P. vivax and P. malariae malaria. 4. Prontosil is not an efficient gametocide in either P. falciparum or P. vivax malaria. Mosquitoes were fed on “crescent” carriers who had been given prontosil for 7 days and were found to be readily infected. 5. No toxic effects were noted. 6. It is concluded that prontosil, though it has some lethal action on malaria parasites, especially P. falciparum, has no place in the practical treatment of malaria owing to its low efficiency, possible toxicity, and relatively high cost.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Considerations regarding an outbreak of malaria at Morib, Federated Malay States

Strickland C

Parasitology, 1916;8:249-54.

DOI: 10.1017/S003118200001057X

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

Puru

Lancet, 1926;207:248.

Matched MeSH terms: Humans

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