Displaying publications 261 - 280 of 330 in total

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  1. Chin CN, Cheong I, Kong N
    Lupus, 1993 Oct;2(5):329-32.
    PMID: 8305928 DOI: 10.1177/096120339300200510
    All 79 patients who attended a University Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Clinic over a 6 month period were assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule for psychiatric disorder. Using the ICD-9 Classification, 40 were found to have psychiatric disorder, 26 having depressive neurosis, six anxiety neurosis, five endogenous depression and three dementia. The group with psychiatric disorder had significantly poor family support as well as lack of a confidant compared to the group without psychiatric disorder (P < 0.01). There was no difference between the group with psychiatric disorder and those without psychiatric disorder in terms of age, duration of illness, ethnicity and severity of SLE. Psychiatric disorder is common affecting more than half the subjects and depression was the most frequent diagnosis.
    Study site: SLE clinics, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/etiology*
  2. Yeoh KL, Ong SB
    Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 1982 Jun;16(2):61-6.
    PMID: 6957184
    A pragmatic and rational approach to the management of five child psychiatric cases in Malaysia is briefly reviewed. The significance of sociocultural factors in treating these cases within the context of a rapidly developing plural society is emphasized. The implications of overemphasis on educational and material achievements are noted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/therapy*
  3. Gold JH
    Int J Soc Psychiatry, 1979;25(2):84-91.
    PMID: 511452
    There are many crucial determinants of the individual outcome and benefit of a university education including the stressful interplay of cultural and socioeconomic factors which are of growing importance in the inflationary 1970's. An epidemiological study of university students from 1969-1972 in Canada, 1973-1974 in Britain, and 1975 in Singapore, attempted to identify stresses leading to mental ill-health in these students. Singapore was chosen as an example of a culture bridging the developed Northern and developing Southern nations of the world. Cultural differences affecting the results of the study are discussed as is the role of social change.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/epidemiology*
  4. Htay MNN, Latt SS, Maung KS, Myint WW, Moe S
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2020 07 16;32(6-7):320-327.
    PMID: 32672053 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520940199
    International migration has become a global phenomenon bringing with it complex and interrelated issues related to the physical and mental well-being of the people involved. This study investigated the mental well-being and factors associated with mental health among Myanmar migrant workers (MMW) in Malaysia. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Penang, Malaysia by using the WHO-5 Well-Being Index Scale (WHO-5) and the Mental Health subscale of 36 items in the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Among 192 migrant workers who were understudied, 79.2% had poor mental well-being according to the WHO-5 scale. The duration of stay in Malaysia and without receiving financial aid from their employers despite having a physical illness were significantly associated with poor mental well-being. Mental health support groups should target migrant workers for mental health education and find ways to provide assistance for them. Furthermore, premigration training should be delivered at the country of origin that also provides information on the availability of mental health support in the host country.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/epidemiology*
  5. Tan ES, Simons RC
    Br J Psychiatry, 1973 Jan;122(566):57-63.
    PMID: 4509384
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/etiology*
  6. Idris IB, Barlow J, Dolan A
    Ann Glob Health, 2019 03 07;85(1).
    PMID: 30873768 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.2336
    BACKGROUND: Emotional and behavioral problems (EBD) or mental health problems in children and adolescents are an important public health issue, but there has been no evaluation to date of the extent of such problems in near-developed countries. This study evaluated the prevalence and stability of EBD among children in Malaysia.

    METHODS: This research comprises a longitudinal population-based study that measured the prevalence and 6-month stability of EBD in children aged seven to eight years and thirteen to fourteen years attending public schools in Malaysia based on parents, teachers and children's (aged 13 to 14 years) report of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at baseline and 6 months later.

    FINDINGS: The prevalence of EBD in Malaysian school children was 9.3% for teacher-report, 8.5% for parent-report and 3.9% for child-report. There was no significance difference in the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems over six-months for all informants, except for teacher-report Emotional and Conduct problems scores which increased significantly and child-report Total Difficulties and Emotional problems scores which decreased significantly (p < 0.05).

    CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the prevalence of EBD among Malaysian children is almost similar to the Western countries and stable over a 6-month period. These findings suggest the need for policy makers in near-developed countries to provide services aimed at preventing EBD and treating children identified as having such problems.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/epidemiology
  7. Ibrahim N, Amit N, Shahar S, Wee LH, Ismail R, Khairuddin R, et al.
    BMC Public Health, 2019 Jun 13;19(Suppl 4):544.
    PMID: 31196033 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6862-6
    BACKGROUND: Mental illness rates among young people is high, yet the frequency of help-seeking is low, especially among those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Understanding factors influencing help-seeking, such as mental illness beliefs, stigma and literacy among B40 individuals is important, but past studies are sparse. Hence, we aimed to examine the factors associated with mental help-seeking attitude among students from the B40 income bracket. Differences in beliefs toward mental illness, stigma and help-seeking attitudes among university and secondary school students were also investigated.

    METHODS: University and secondary school students from low-income households (N = 202) were involved in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Depression Literacy Questionnaire (D-Lit), General Help Seeking Questionnaire (GHSQ), Mental Help Seeking Attitudes Scale (MHSAS), Self-Stigma of Seeking Help Scale (SSOSH), and Beliefs toward Mental Illness (BMI).

    RESULTS: Mental help-seeking attitude had a significant relationship with self-stigma on seeking help (r = -.258, p mental help-seeking attitude was self-stigma on seeking help (F (2,199) = 8.207, p mental illness compared to secondary school students.

    CONCLUSION: Higher self-stigma and younger age were associated with negative mental help-seeking attitudes among students from low-income households. As self-stigma may be a barrier to actual mental help-seeking, efforts to reduce self-stigma in this population need to be intensified.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/psychology*
  8. Maier R, Moser G, Chen GB, Ripke S, Cross-Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Coryell W, et al.
    Am J Hum Genet, 2015 Feb 05;96(2):283-94.
    PMID: 25640677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.12.006
    Genetic risk prediction has several potential applications in medical research and clinical practice and could be used, for example, to stratify a heterogeneous population of patients by their predicted genetic risk. However, for polygenic traits, such as psychiatric disorders, the accuracy of risk prediction is low. Here we use a multivariate linear mixed model and apply multi-trait genomic best linear unbiased prediction for genetic risk prediction. This method exploits correlations between disorders and simultaneously evaluates individual risk for each disorder. We show that the multivariate approach significantly increases the prediction accuracy for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder in the discovery as well as in independent validation datasets. By grouping SNPs based on genome annotation and fitting multiple random effects, we show that the prediction accuracy could be further improved. The gain in prediction accuracy of the multivariate approach is equivalent to an increase in sample size of 34% for schizophrenia, 68% for bipolar disorder, and 76% for major depressive disorders using single trait models. Because our approach can be readily applied to any number of GWAS datasets of correlated traits, it is a flexible and powerful tool to maximize prediction accuracy. With current sample size, risk predictors are not useful in a clinical setting but already are a valuable research tool, for example in experimental designs comparing cases with high and low polygenic risk.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/genetics*
  9. Ng YP, Rashid A, O'Brien F
    PLoS One, 2017;12(11):e0187861.
    PMID: 29131841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187861
    BACKGROUND: Mental illness-related stigma is common, and is associated with poorer outcomes in people with mental illness. This study evaluated the attitudes of primary care nurses towards people with mental illness and its associated factors; and the effectiveness of a short video-based contact intervention (VBCI) in improving these attitudes using a Malay version of the 15-item Opening Minds Stigma Scale for Healthcare Providers (OMS-HC-15-M).

    METHODS: A 5-minute VBCI was developed comprising elements of psychoeducation and interviews of people with mental illness and the people they interact with, relating to experience of mental illness and recovery. A pre-post cross-sectional study was conducted on 206 randomly selected primary care nurses in Penang, Malaysia. The OMS-HC-15-M questionnaire was administered before and immediately after participants viewed the VBCI. The difference in mean pre-post VBCI scores using paired t-tests, effect size and standardised response mean (SRM) were obtained. Factors correlating to attitudes were obtained using univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

    RESULTS: Differences in pre-post VBCI score were statistically significant (p<0.001) with a 14% score reduction, a moderate effect size and SRM at 0.97 (0.85-0.11) and 1.1 (0.97-1.2) respectively. By factoring in the Minimal Detectable Change statistic of 7.76, the VBCI produced a significant improvement of attitudes in 30% of the participants. Factors associated with less stigmatising attitudes at baseline were previous psychiatry-related training, desiring psychiatric training, and positive contact with people with mental illness.

    CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in Malaysia to show that a brief VBCI is effective in improving attitudes of primary care nurses towards people with mental illness in the immediate term. Further studies are needed to determine if these results can be sustained in the longer term and generalizable to other health care professionals. Qualitative studies are warranted to provide insight to the factors correlating to these attitudes. (300 words).

    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/nursing*
  10. Woon TH, Loke KH
    Singapore Med J, 1984 Jun;25(3):161-4.
    PMID: 6484584
    In February to March 1982 at the psychiatric emergency service of the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, some data on 491 patients (92% of 531 patients seen) were collected. Two-hundred and eighty-three patients had received psychiatric treatment and 65 had previously received medical treatment. Fifty-three per cent of the patients have schizophrenic disorders, 5.1% had situational reactions and 1.63% had chronic alcoholism. Of the 111 patients presented with either physical complaints or insomnia, eleven of them were admitted to the psychiatric wards. Three-hundred and eleven patients were followed-up in the psychiatric outpatient clinics. The availability of a psychiatric emergency service in a general hospital can contribute towards early psychiatric case findings and preventive Intervention. II provides an opportunity for liaison and consultation with other medical colleagues in the care of patients with physical complaints and attempted suicides.

    Study site: Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC)
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/therapy*
  11. Charara R, Forouzanfar M, Naghavi M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Afshin A, Vos T, et al.
    PLoS One, 2017;12(1):e0169575.
    PMID: 28095477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169575
    The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) is witnessing an increase in chronic disorders, including mental illness. With ongoing unrest, this is expected to rise. This is the first study to quantify the burden of mental disorders in the EMR. We used data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) 2013. DALYs (disability-adjusted life years) allow assessment of both premature mortality (years of life lost-YLLs) and nonfatal outcomes (years lived with disability-YLDs). DALYs are computed by adding YLLs and YLDs for each age-sex-country group. In 2013, mental disorders contributed to 5.6% of the total disease burden in the EMR (1894 DALYS/100,000 population): 2519 DALYS/100,000 (2590/100,000 males, 2426/100,000 females) in high-income countries, 1884 DALYS/100,000 (1618/100,000 males, 2157/100,000 females) in middle-income countries, 1607 DALYS/100,000 (1500/100,000 males, 1717/100,000 females) in low-income countries. Females had a greater proportion of burden due to mental disorders than did males of equivalent ages, except for those under 15 years of age. The highest proportion of DALYs occurred in the 25-49 age group, with a peak in the 35-39 years age group (5344 DALYs/100,000). The burden of mental disorders in EMR increased from 1726 DALYs/100,000 in 1990 to 1912 DALYs/100,000 in 2013 (10.8% increase). Within the mental disorders group in EMR, depressive disorders accounted for most DALYs, followed by anxiety disorders. Among EMR countries, Palestine had the largest burden of mental disorders. Nearly all EMR countries had a higher mental disorder burden compared to the global level. Our findings call for EMR ministries of health to increase provision of mental health services and to address the stigma of mental illness. Moreover, our results showing the accelerating burden of mental health are alarming as the region is seeing an increased level of instability. Indeed, mental health problems, if not properly addressed, will lead to an increased burden of diseases in the region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/epidemiology*
  12. Swarna Nantha Y, Kalasivan A, Ponnusamy Pillai M, Suppiah P, Md Sharif S, Krishnan SG, et al.
    Public Health Nutr, 2020 Feb;23(3):402-409.
    PMID: 31538554 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980019002684
    OBJECTIVE: The development of a second version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) coincides with the latest updates in the diagnosis of addiction as documented in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. The objective of the present study was to translate the YFAS 2.0 into the Malay language and test its psychometric properties in a primary-care population.

    DESIGN: Patients were assessed for food addiction utilizing the Malay YFAS 2.0. The participants were also assessed for eating disorder using the validated Malay Binge Eating Scale. The psychometric properties of the YFAS 2.0 were determined by analysing factor structure, overall item statistics, internal consistency and construct validity.

    SETTING: Between 2017 and 2018, participants were chosen from a regional primary-care clinic in the district of Seremban, Malaysia.

    PARTICIPANTS: Patients (n 382) from a regional primary-care clinic.

    RESULTS: The prevalence of food addiction was 5·0%. A two-factor structure of the YFAS was confirmed as the most optimal solution for the scale via confirmatory factor analysis. In both its diagnostic and symptom count version, the YFAS 2.0 had good internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson α > 0·80 and McDonald's ω > 0·9).

    CONCLUSIONS: We validated a psychometrically sound Malay version of the YFAS 2.0 in a primary-care population. Both diagnostic and symptom count versions of the scale had robust psychometric properties. The questionnaire can be used to develop health promotion strategies to detect food addiction tendencies in a general population.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders*
  13. Carr JE, Tan EK
    Am J Psychiatry, 1976 Nov;133(11):1295-9.
    PMID: 984220
    In an attempt to discover how the phenomenon of amok is viewed within its indigenous culture, the authors studied and interviewed 21 subjects in West Malaysia who were labeled as amok. This investigation showed that both the subjects and the Malay culture view amok as psychopathology, that amok cases are disposed of in line with this view, and that the behavior of the amok person conforms to social expectations of the phenomenon. Despite cultural proscriptions, however, the act is purposive and motivated and is subtly sanctioned by Malay society.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/diagnosis*
  14. Zyoud SH, Awang R, Syed Sulaiman SA, Al-jabi SW
    Hum Exp Toxicol, 2010 Sep;29(9):773-8.
    PMID: 20144962 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110361759
    Hypokalemia is not an isolated disease but an associated finding in a number of different diseases. It is also a commonly neglected condition among patients with acute acetaminophen overdose.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/blood; Mental Disorders/complications*
  15. Durani LW, Hamezah HS, Ibrahim NF, Yanagisawa D, Nasaruddin ML, Mori M, et al.
    J Alzheimers Dis, 2018;64(1):249-267.
    PMID: 29889072 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-170880
    We have recently shown that the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil, a mixture of vitamin E analogs, improves amyloid pathology in vitro and in vivo. However, precise mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of long-term (10 months) TRF treatment on behavioral impairments and brain metabolites in (15 months old) AβPP/PS1 double transgenic (Tg) Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. The open field test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition tasks revealed improved exploratory activity, spatial learning, and recognition memory, respectively, in TRF-treated Tg mice. Brain metabolite profiling of wild-type and Tg mice treated with and without TRF was performed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to high-resolution accurate mass (HRAM)-orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Metabolic pathway analysis found perturbed metabolic pathways that linked to AD. TRF treatment partly ameliorated metabolic perturbations in Tg mouse hippocampus. The mechanism of this pre-emptive activity may occur via modulation of metabolic pathways dependent on Aβ interaction or independent of Aβ interaction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/drug therapy*; Mental Disorders/etiology
  16. Teoh Bing Fei J, Yee A, Habil MH
    Am J Addict, 2016 Jan;25(1):49-55.
    PMID: 26692463 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12317
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Co-occurring psychiatric disorders are among the difficulties faced by patients with opioid dependence on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT). This study aims to assess the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity among patients on MMT, the factors predicting psychiatric comorbidity and to examine the association between psychiatric comorbidity and quality of life.
    METHODS: A total of 225 male patients on MMT in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia were assessed for psychiatric comorbidity and substance use disorders using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Opiate Treatment Index (OTI). Their quality of life was assessed using World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF.
    RESULTS: The prevalence of a current and lifetime non-substance use Axis I psychiatric disorder was 14.2% and 15.6% respectively, while 14.7% fulfilled the criteria for antisocial personality disorder. 80.9% had comorbid substance dependence, predominantly nicotine dependence. Factors significantly associated with a non-substance use Axis I psychiatric disorder on multivariate analysis were use of psychiatric medications, antisocial personality disorder and poorer physical health. Patients with a non-substance use Axis I psychiatric disorder had a significantly poorer quality of life in all domains namely physical health, psychological, social relationships, environment as well as combined quality of life and general health after controlling for possible confounders.
    CONCLUSION: Psychiatric comorbidity among patients on MMT negatively impacts quality of life.
    SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The detection of psychiatric disorders and provision of appropriate treatment is needed to improve the quality of life of patients on MMT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/epidemiology*
  17. Nik Jaafar NR, Midin M, Mahadevan R, Sinniah A, Rahman AH, Ming W, et al.
    Compr Psychiatry, 2014 Jan;55 Suppl 1:S60-4.
    PMID: 24139853 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.09.002
    OBJECTIVE: Most weight interventions among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) used body mass index (BMI) as outcome measure but excluded waist circumference (WC) although the latter is a stronger predictor of obesity complications. This study aimed to assess a weight-management program consisting of education, exercise and behavioural techniques for patients with SMI using weight parameters including WC as the outcome measures.
    METHODS: A group intervention was carried out as part of psychiatric outpatient community service. It used structured modules on diet, exercise and related topics comprising of education and exercises sessions with a total of 12-week duration. The participants were outpatients with SMI recruited through referrals to the program by the treating doctor. The participants' body weight, BMI and WC were measured at the baseline, fortnightly and at the end of the program.
    RESULTS: A total of 27 patients participated in the program which was carried out in 6 cycles. The pre- and post-intervention comparisons analysis of the weight parameters found a significant reduction in the WC (mean=3.878 cm+5.165, p=0.001) while no significant changes were recorded in body weight and BMI.
    CONCLUSION: Small but significant loss in WC and possibly weight maintenance were achieved using this non-pharmacological intervention. Modest loss in WC may have an impact on reducing the risk of obesity-related health risks.
    Study site: Psychiatric clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/therapy*
  18. Yashodhara BM, Umakanth S, Pappachan JM, Bhat SK, Kamath R, Choo BH
    Postgrad Med J, 2009 Feb;85(1000):84-90.
    PMID: 19329703 DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2008.073338
    Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) are essential fatty acids with diverse biological effects in human health and disease. Reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is a well-established benefit of their intake. Dietary supplementation may also benefit patients with dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity, inflammatory diseases, neurological/ neuropsychiatric disorders and eye diseases. Consumption of omega-3 FAs during pregnancy reduces the risk of premature birth and improves intellectual development of the fetus. Fish, fish oils and some vegetable oils are rich sources of omega-3 FAs. According to the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition guidelines (2004), a healthy adult should consume a minimum of two portions of fish a week to obtain the health benefit. This review outlines the health implications, dietary sources, deficiency states and recommended allowances of omega-3 FAs in relation to human nutrition.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/prevention & control
  19. Oranye NO, Arumugam U, Ahmad N, Arumugam ME
    Contemp Nurse, 2016 Oct;52(5):555-566.
    PMID: 27248157 DOI: 10.1080/10376178.2016.1194726
    Introductio n: In Malaysia, nurses form a significant part of the clinical mental health team, but the current level of training in mental health results in suboptimal nursing care delivery.

    METHODS: For this study 220 registered nurses and medical assistants working with the mentally ill completed a structured questionnaire. The purpose of this study was to explore perceived competence in mental healthcare and the training needs of nurses working with mentally ill patients in inpatient mental healthcare facilities.

    RESULTS: The skills perceived as important for practicing in mental health varied among the nurse participants. Post basic training in mental health was significantly related to perceived competence in patient mental state assessment (p=0.036), risk assessment for suicide (p=0.024), violence (p=0.044) and self-harm (p=0.013).

    CONCLUSION: There is little emphasis on psychosocial skills in current post basic mental health training in Malaysia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/nursing*
  20. Ma ZF, Yusof N, Hamid N, Lawenko RM, Mohammad WMZW, Liong MT, et al.
    Benef Microbes, 2019 Mar 13;10(2):111-120.
    PMID: 30525951 DOI: 10.3920/BM2018.0008
    Individuals in a community who developed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) after major floods have significant mental health impairment. We aimed to determine if Bifidobacterium infantis M-63 was effective in improving symptoms, psychology and quality of life measures in flood-affected individuals with IBS and if the improvement was mediated by gut microbiota changes. Design was non-randomised, open-label, controlled before-and-after. Of 53 participants, 20 with IBS were given B. infantis M-63 (1×109 cfu/sachet/day) for three months and 33 were controls. IBS symptom severity scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, SF-36 Questionnaire, hydrogen breath testing for small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and stools for 16S rRNA metagenomic analysis were performed before and after intervention. 11 of 20 who were given probiotics (M-63) and 20 of 33 controls completed study as per-protocol. Mental well-being was improved with M-63 vs controls for full analysis (P=0.03) and per-protocol (P=0.01) populations. Within-group differences were observed for anxiety and bodily pain (both P=0.04) in the M-63 per-protocol population. Lower ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes was observed with M-63 vs controls (P=0.01) and the lower ratio was correlated with higher post-intervention mental score (P=0.04). B. infantis M-63 is probably effective in improving mental health of victims who developed IBS after floods and this is maybe due to restoration of microbial balance and the gut-brain axis. However, our conclusion must be interpreted within the context of limited sample size. The study was retrospectively registered on 12 October 2017 and the Trial Registration Number (TRN) was NCT03318614.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mental Disorders/therapy*
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