Displaying publications 241 - 260 of 667 in total

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  1. Fulltext Challenges in dental public health – an overview
    Pau, Allan Kah-Heng
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Oral health diseases are common in all regions of the world and their impact on anatomical
    and social functioning is widely acknowledged.Their distributions are unequal between and within countries, with the greatest burden falling on disadvantaged and socially marginalized populations. The risk factors and social determinants for oral diseases have been comprehensively documented, and the evidence base for their prevention is growing. However, decisions on health care are still often made without a solid grounding in research evidence. Translation of research into policy and practice should be a priority for all. Both community and individual interventions need tailoring to achieve a more equal and person-centered preventive focus and reduce any social gradient in health. The major challenges of the future will be to translate knowledge and experiences in oral disease prevention
    and health promotion into action programmes.The international oral health research community needs to engage further in research capacity building and in strengthening the work so that research is recognized as the foundation of oral health policy at global level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
  2. Fulltext Corporate culture and health care organization
    Izamin, I., Jamsiah, M., Aniza, I.
    Malaysian Journal of Community Health, 2007;13(1):44-54.
    MyJurnal
    Each organization has a particular culture, due to personal interactions, with certain values shared by its members. Corporate culture is defined as ‘the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments’. Positive corporate culture is linked to increased staff alignment, advanced level of employee commitment, increased employee productivity, enhanced organizational effectiveness and increased profitability. Researchers claimed that most studies suggesting the associations between culture and performance are methodologically weak. Cultural transformation has been a big part of NHS reforms and health system redesign in United States to deliver improvements in quality and performance. Environment, market competition, technology advancement, information age and government policies will influence the cultural change within the organization. Undesirable culture might emerge if the organization does not act appropriately to manage its corporate culture. There are six critical success factors for the implementation of corporate culture changes: committed and effective leadership, clear definition of the desired goals, rigorous implementation of a change management model, effective mitigation of change resistance, active governance structure and a design model, and effective communication. Among the issues in implementing corporate culture within healthcare organizations are middle managers dilemma, cultural diversity and subcultures within the organization, size of healthcare organization and critical mass.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  3. Fulltext Factors Predicting Organizational Commitment among Nurses in State Hospitals, Malaysia
    Siew, P.L., Chitpakdee, B., Chontawan, R.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2011;10(2):21-28.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: With an increase in national nursing shortage, organizational commitment is extremely
    important for retention of nurses. This predictive study determines the level of organizational commitment and the predictive ability of perceived organizational support, components of job satisfaction, including pay, task requirement, organizational policies, autonomy, interaction and professional status as well as years of experience on organizational commitment. Method: Data were collected from 416 nurses in four state hospitals in Malaysia, using self-administered questionnaires. The hospitals were selected from each region in Peninsular Malaysia and samples were selected by a random sampling method. Questionnaires, including demographic data, Organizational Commitment Questionnaires, Survey of Perceived Organizational Support,and Index Work Satisfaction were distributed by researcher and research assistants. Stepwise multiple regression technique was used to analyze the data. Results: The results discovered that (1) nearly half of the subjects (48.07%) reported high level of organizational commitment. (2) Professional status, autonomy, interaction, task requirement and years of experience could predict the organizational commitment (ß = 0.52, 0.17, p < 0.01); ß= 0.13, 0.11, 0.09, p < 0.05 respectively). Overall, all predictors explained 33% of variability
    in the organizational commitment among nurses in state hospitals. Conclusions: This study found that nurses in state hospitals were highly committed to their organizations. Results of this study provide information for nurse administrators to consider and maintain these factors in nursing practice to foster a high level of organizational commitment among Malaysian nurses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Organizational Policy
  4. Fulltext Environmental health and building related illnesses
    Ambu, Stephen, Chu, Wan-Loy, Mak, Joon-Wah, Wong, Shew-Fung, Chan, Li-Li, Wong, Siew-Tung
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2008;2(3):-.
    MyJurnal
    Malaysia has good environmental laws to protect the outdoor environment and public health. However there are no laws governing indoor air quality (IAQ) and the knowledge among the public about its importance is also lacking. Environmental professionals think it is not a priority and this influences the policy decisions in the country. Therefore there is a need to create awareness by way of research, education and other promotional activities. What is much needed at this time is the establishment of standards for the conduct of risk assessment studies. To establish standards we need reliable data which can be used to develop appropriate guidelines for the purpose of mitigation and adaptation programmes. IAQ can have significant influence on health resulting in drop in productivity and economy of a country. It has been estimated that in the US, building related illnesses (BRI) symptoms have a relationship with decrease (3 to 5%) in work performance in an affected population resulting in an annual loss of US$60 billion in revenue. However, based on efficient management programmes they have also projected that the potential annual savings can be in the region of US$10 to 30 billion. This establishes that fact that good management programmes based on efficient guidelines is of economic value to a country and wellbeing of the population. The IMU has embarked on a research programme to collect the much-needed data for the framing of a good IAQ guideline for Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  5. Call center ergonomics issues: A case study
    Hari Krishnan, T.
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2012;9(3):17-22.
    MyJurnal
    Introductions: Call center has been defined as a working environment in which uses telephone and computer for the purpose of marketing and manage communication with prospect clients or existing clients (Rocha, Glina, Morinho and Nakasato, 2005; Sprigg, Smith and Jackson, 2003).
    Methodology: The study was conducted via observation of working condition and face to face interview with call center operators. Measurement of anthropometrics was also conducted.
    Results: Ergonomics issues found at call center were inappropriate work condition and workstation which lead to awkward sitting posture (sitting with forward leaning posture, raised shoulder, feet not supported on floor). Besides that organizational policy which required high job demand and subsequently lead to prolonged sitting and static posture (very minimal posture changes). Combination all these factors lead to musculoskeletal symptoms and the operators reported of having neck, shoulder, upper back and lower back pain compared to other body parts.
    Conclusion: The management should embark on organization wide ergonomics management program and should review the current policy and create safe and healthy working environment by providing suitable workstation for the operators in order to prevent musculoskeletal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Organizational Policy
  6. Fulltext Importance of a standardized oncology curriculum in Malaysia
    Poovaneswaran, Sangeetha, Khajotia, Rumi, Subramaniam, Thiruselvi
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(2):39-42.
    MyJurnal
    The incidence of cancer in Malaysia is rising alarmingly and newly qualified doctors will be expected
    to be competent in the basic management of cancer patients. However, the opportunity to gain experience in oncology management will remain limited unless these students are stationed in an oncology unit which is solely dedicated to the treatment of such patients. Therefore, it is essential that undergraduate medical school training equips students with a sound knowledgebase, so that they can confidently manage basic oncological conditions appropriately. With the many private and local medical universities across the country, it is important that oncology training be standardized
    and reflective of the local resources available, and government health policies. As a result, having a
    standardized curriculum would help create a framework whereby competencies in cancer management would be accurately assessed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
  7. ASEAN projects reviewed
    Asian Pac Popul Programme News, 1980;9(1-2):9-10.
    PMID: 12262042
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy
  8. ASEAN to have common population projects
    Asian Popul Programme News, 1977;6(1):7-8.
    PMID: 12260254
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy
  9. Fulltext Dividend policy and price volatility: theory vs practice
    Rabia Qammar, Yusnidah Ibrahim, Md. Mahmudul Alam
    Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2017;35(1):13-23.
    MyJurnal
    Dividend policy is one of the most important element to measure changes in stock
    prices. The relationship between dividend policy and stock price volatility shows
    different results based on different studies. This paper focuses on the relationship
    between dividend policy and stock price volatility through seminal literature on both
    theoretical and empirical evidences from 1989 to 2016. The various consequences of
    this relationship depend upon each country specific characteristics, different data
    sample and different methodology techniques which utilized by researchers in
    developed and developing countries. Most of the studies found negative relationship
    between dividend policy and stock price volatility, while developed countries have
    more impact on this relationship as compared to developing countries. Based on the
    prior literature, this paper argues that the relationship between dividend policy and
    stock price volatility is inconsistent and the organization needs to decide the dividend
    policy according to their capability and organizational culture.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  10. Fulltext A review of hypertension in Nigeria and the 'Rule of halves'
    Ahmed Dahiru Balami, Musa Mohammed Baba
    Journal of Advanced Review on Scientific Research, 2017;34(1):1-10.
    MyJurnal
    Hypertension is a condition associated with adverse vascular complications. Its
    prevalence is on the increase globally and same is true for Nigeria. Very few studies
    have assessed the prevalence, awareness, treatment and blood pressure control
    among hypertensive patients in Nigeria. The few available studies generally show
    figures less than 50% for all the three indicators of success with regards to
    hypertension. These studies are however deficient in their coverage, country
    representativeness and methodology, and as such, they fail to provide the evidence
    for which conclusions can be drawn. There is need to intensify blood pressure
    screening at both hospital and community levels. More comprehensive research with
    wider coverage and sound methodologies are also needed to determine those
    associated factors and to discover better treatment options for hypertension in
    Nigeria. These findings would guide health promotion activities and policy making.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy Making
  11. PERSPECTIVE: SOME CONCLUSIONS FROM MY LIFE IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
    Banta HD
    Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 2018 Jan;34(2):131-133.
    PMID: 29609663 DOI: 10.1017/S0266462318000107
    I have worked in health technology assessment (HTA) since 1975, beginning in the United States Congress Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), where we were charged with defining "medical technology assessment". My main concern in HTA has always been efficacy of healthcare interventions. After years in OTA, I was invited to the Netherlands in 1985, where the Dutch government invited me to head a special commission concerning future healthcare technology and HTA. From there, I became involved in over forty countries, beginning in Europe and then throughout the world. My most intense involvements, outside the United States and Europe, have been in Brazil, China, and Malaysia. During these 40-plus years, I have seen HTA grow from its earliest beginnings to a worldwide force for better health care for everyone. I have also had some growing concerns, outlined in this Perspective article. Within HTA, I am most disappointed by a narrow perspective of cost-effective analysis, which tends to ignore considerations of culture, society, ethics, and organizational and legal issues. In the general environment affecting HTA and health care, I am most concerned about the need to protect the independence of HTA activities from influences of the healthcare industries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
  12. Fulltext Construction occupational safety and health from the perspective of Malaysian residential construction industry
    Mohd Hafiidz Jaafar, Kadir Arifin, Kadaruddin Aiyub, Muhammad Rizal Razman, Mark Harris Zuknik
    Journal of Occupational Safety and Health, 2016;13(2):23-34.
    MyJurnal
    Construction industry is one of the major contributors towards Malaysian economy and socio-economy. It is an important
    industry gearing Malaysia towards developed nation status. However, fatalities in this industry are a crucial problem. Number of
    fatalities in this industry is the highest compare to other industries registered in Malaysia. The contributing factors can be separated
    into immediate (human and worksite elements) and underlying (management and external). Occupational safety and health (OSH)
    management is a challenge in the construction industry due to its hazardous nature. A framework of construction OSH management
    consisting of policy, process, personnel and incentive elements were tested. 13 respondents from 13 residential projects comprising of
    high-rise and low-rise in Pulau Pinang were interviewed. It was found that the immediate factors are being more recognized by the
    respondents compare to the underlying factors. Human element is perceived as the most significant contributor, while the external
    element is the least significant. In terms of construction OSH management, process and personnel elements are the most significant in
    developing an effective OSH management programme.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  13. The global three: A Malaysian lens on the challenges and opportunities facing restorative justice planning and implementation
    Mohammad T, Azman A, Anderstone B
    Eval Program Plann, 2019 02;72:1-7.
    PMID: 30245370 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.09.007
    From the rise of restorative justice to evidence-based approaches to reducing recidivism, the intellectual landscape of criminal justice has seen considerable change in recent decades. The result is that an increasing number of countries have tackled the task of shifting preexisting political institutions to confirm with these new understandings. This is, of course, no easy feat. A great number of challenges confront willing policymakers, a reality that often puts philosophy at loggerheads with practicality. Moreover, the political process of change is subject to the influence of cultural and institutional norms. In this paper, we look at one particular case study - that of Malaysia's juvenile justice system - to understand the challenges faced in changing criminal justice policy. We identify three primary categories of challenges and elucidate their shape and impact through the Malaysian example. We also briefly analyze potential opportunities to mitigate and overcome these challenges. Furthermore, we also conclude with several implications for future research that we deem are important to be taken place. In sum, we argue that criminal justice reform must be undertaken with an eye toward important societal and institutional norms, each requiring thoughtful analysis of complex local cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  14. Fulltext Non-ionizing radiation: exposure level at UMT and UniSZA campus
    Syafiqah, H.N., Umar, R., Kamarudin, M.K.A., Hazmin, S.N., Dianah, A.R.S.N., Jaafar, H., et al.
    ASM Science Journal, 2018;11(101):183-194.
    MyJurnal
    Nowadays, the wireless technology has become a lifestyle; even the children have their own
    mobile phones, although they are categorized as high risk susceptible to health problems
    due to radiation. Thus, the public exposure that stemmed from electromagnetic radiations
    become public concern since studies have been done and the finding showed that the repetitive
    and long term exposure may have adverse health effect. This study was conducted to
    evaluate the exposure level at UMT and UniSZA campuses by measuring the electric field
    strength. This measurement was conducted using omni-directional antenna below 4 GHz,
    connected to spectrum analyzer. In this paper, the measured values are compared with
    the previous study from several locations and then the spatial maps of exposure level are
    developed. The result shows that high exposure level was recorded at UMT and UniSZA.
    From this study, the findings may assist the Ministry of Health to monitor the public health
    due to non-ionizing radiation (NIR) exposure. This is crucial to make sure the international
    commission of non-ionizing radiation protection (ICNIRP) limit is complied. Moreover, the
    development of public NIR exposure policy can be initiated to the Malaysia government for
    health concern. For future study, the investigation of the suitable material used as antenna
    and casing or exposure reduction tool can be done to reduce NIR exposure rate on human
    body.
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy
  15. Fulltext Patients' perception of the information security management in health centers: the role of organizational and human factors
    Peikari HR, T R, Shah MH, Lo MC
    BMC Med Inform Decis Mak, 2018 Nov 15;18(1):102.
    PMID: 30442138 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-018-0681-z
    BACKGROUND: Researchers paid little attention to understanding the association of organizational and human factors with patients' perceived security in the context of health organizations. This study aims to address numerous gaps in this context. Patients' perceptions about employees' training on security issues, monitoring on security issues, ethics, physical & technical protection and trust in hospitals were identified as organizational and human factors.

    METHODS: After the development of 12 hypotheses, a quantitative, cross-sectional, self-administered survey method was applied to collect data in 9 hospitals in Iran. After the collection of 382 usable questionnaires, the partial least square structural modeling was applied to examine the hypotheses and it was found that 11 hypotheses were empirically supported.

    RESULTS: The results suggest that patients' trust in hospitals can significantly predict their perceived security but no significant associations were found between patients' physical protection mechanisms in the hospital and their perceived information security in a hospital. We also found that patients' perceptions about the physical protection mechanism of a hospital can significantly predict their trust in hospitals which is a novel finding by this research.

    CONCLUSIONS: The findings imply that hospitals should formulate policies to improve patients' perception about such factors, which ultimately lead to their perceived security.

    Matched MeSH terms: Policy
  16. Fulltext Muslim female healthcare personnel dress code: a proposed guideline
    Saidun, S., Akhmetova, E., Awang Abd Rahman, A.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2018;17(2):57-70.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: The struggle of Muslim women to comply with Islamic teaching while working in the healthcare sector has been a long-standing issue. Following the case of a Muslim nurse who was allegedly fired for non-adherence to the short-sleeve uniform rule, the Malaysian Muslim Consumers Association highlighted the need for a uniform guideline to prevent similar instances. Yet, no guideline has been issued to date. Materials and Methods: This conceptual study employed library research method to gather relevant materials. Library research was able to retrieve guidelines from seven Muslim-minority countries but none from Muslim-majority countries. Document analysis of the materials gathered was undertaken. The different guidelines were compared, with special reference to awrah-related issues. Results: Several major issues that healthcare personnel dress code considers are the safety, health, cleanliness, and comfort for both patients and healthcare personnel. Islamic dressing requirement is not only in line with clinical practice but Islam also highly promotes maintenance of safety, health, cleanliness, and comfort. The widely adopted ‘bare below the elbows (BBE) policy is the only practice that may contradict Islamic rules. However, some healthcare institutions in Muslim-minority countries allow modifications of uniform rules on religious grounds; some of the modifications are not observed in Muslim-majority countries. When providing direct patient care that requires BBE, the use of disposable over-sleeves is a good alternative to adhere to both clinical and Islamic standards. Conclusion: Healthcare personnel dress code policy that is concordant to both clinical and Islamic standards is possible although it may require greater resources.
    Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
  17. Streamlined life cycle CO2 emission assessment of sewage treatment in Taiwan
    Chang Ys
    Sains Malaysiana, 2015;44:1715-1720.
    Sewage treatment is an important issue in a country for public health and environmental protection. The treatment
    process not only consumes energy but also emits CO2
    . In this research, the idea of streamlined life cycle assessment was
    applied. The CO2
    emission from sewage treatment was assessed from direct energy consumption of four major sewage
    treatment plants in Taiwan. The results showed that the CO2
    emission at in-plant sewage treatment stage takes more
    than 95% of total CO2
    emission for most plants. The results suggested that CO2
    emission of sewage treatment can be
    calculated from energy consumption at in-plant sewage treatment stage to simplify the calculation. The CO2
    emission
    of sewage treatment was then assessed from sewage plants in Taiwan using in-plant electricity consumption. The unit
    CO2
    emission of sewage treatment in Taiwan is 0.216 kg-CO2
    /m3
    . This database will be an important reference for water
    resource research and future government environmental policies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environmental Policy
  18. Health Technology Assessment in Malaysia: Past, Present, and Future
    Roza S, Junainah S, Izzuna MMG, Ku Nurhasni KAR, Yusof MAM, Noormah MD, et al.
    Int J Technol Assess Health Care, 2019;35(6):446-451.
    PMID: 30864531 DOI: 10.1017/S0266462319000023
    OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of the evolution of health technology assessment (HTA) in Malaysia over the past decade.

    METHODS: We described the evolution of HTA program in Malaysia based on review of administrative data, publicly available information and quantitative description of impact evaluation.

    RESULTS: Health Technology Assessment HTA was formalized in Malaysia in 1995 as a central structure within the Ministry of Health, Malaysia in 1995. Expansion of activities demonstrated over the years including Horizon Scanning of health technologies and implementation of evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Improvement on the processes in terms of types of report, quality, monitoring, and impact evaluation as well as accessibility was also carried out. Examples of impact/influence of the reports have also been demonstrated.

    CONCLUSIONS: HTA program in Malaysia has evolved over the past decades. Its role in policy formulation and decision making of health technologies has become more significant over the years and is foreseen to be bigger in the future. As a trusted source of evidence, HTA in Malaysia will continue to strengthen the health system by advocating informed decision making and value-based medicine. As other countries in this region is trying to establish their own HTA processes and procedures, this review on the evolution of the HTA program in Malaysia might give some insights on developing a sustainable HTA program.

    Matched MeSH terms: Health Policy
  19. Fulltext Restrictive migration policies in low-income and middle-income countries
    Vijayasingham L, Rhule E, Asgari-Jirhandeh N, Allotey P
    Lancet Glob Health, 2019 07;7(7):e843-e844.
    PMID: 31200884 DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30196-2
    Matched MeSH terms: Public Policy
  20. Horizon Scan of the Belt and Road Initiative
    Hughes AC, Lechner AM, Chitov A, Horstmann A, Hinsley A, Tritto A, et al.
    Trends Ecol Evol, 2020 Jul;35(7):583-593.
    PMID: 32521242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.02.005
    The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) represents the largest infrastructure and development project in human history, and presents risks and opportunities for ecosystems, economies, and communities. Some risks (habitat fragmentation, roadkill) are obvious, however, many of the BRI's largest challenges for development and conservation are not obvious and require extensive consideration to identify. In this first BRI Horizon Scan, we identify 11 frontier issues that may have large environmental and social impacts but are not yet recognised. More generally, the BRI will increase China's participation in international environmental governance. Thus, new cooperative modes of governance are needed to balance geopolitical, societal, and environmental interests. Upgrading and standardising global environmental standards is essential to safeguard ecological systems and human societies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Environmental Policy
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