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  1. Fulltext Metastatic malignant schwannoma of orbit: a case report
    Jaais F, Sivanesan S
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Dec;41(4):356-60.
    PMID: 3670161
    A case of metastatic malignant schwannoma of the right orbit is presented here. Although the patient had disseminated disease, it was the eye problems which were striking and most symptomatic.
    The orbital lesion was at first thought to be the primary tumour until a history of an excised right wrist mass was probed into and the histology traced.
    This report is written as malignant schwannoma is an uncommon tumour. The difficulty in diagnosing malignant schwannoma is mentioned. The importance of diagnosis of an orbital metastatic lesion is also pointed out as this is often misdiagnosed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Orbital Neoplasms/pathology; Orbital Neoplasms/secondary*
  2. Neurogenous tumour of the larynx (a case report)
    Phang WK, Raman R, Jayalaksmi E
    J Laryngol Otol, 1987 Nov;101(11):1209-10.
    PMID: 3694036
    Matched MeSH terms: Laryngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Laryngeal Neoplasms/pathology
  3. Epigenetics: The master control of endothelial cell fate in cancer
    V Subramaniam A, Yehya AHS, Cheng WK, Wang X, Oon CE
    Life Sci, 2019 Sep 01;232:116652.
    PMID: 31302197 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116652
    The development of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature is called angiogenesis. The growth of tumors depends on a network of supplying vessels that provide them with oxygen and nutrients. Pro-angiogenic factors that are secreted by tumors will trigger the sprouting of nearby existing blood vessels towards themselves and therefore researchers have developed targeted therapy towards these pro-angiogenic proteins to inhibit angiogenesis. However, certain pro-angiogenic proteins tend to bypass the inhibition. Thus, instead of targeting these expressed proteins, research towards angiogenesis inhibition had been focused on a deeper scale, epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are a heritable change in a sequence of stable but reversible gene function modification yet do not affect the DNA primary sequence directly. Methylation of DNA, modification of histone and silencing of micro-RNA (miRNA)-associated gene are currently considered to initiate and sustain epigenetic changes. Recent findings on the subject matter have provided an insight into the mechanism of epigenetic modifications, thus this review aims to present an update on the latest studies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/genetics*; Neoplasms/pathology*
  4. Fulltext Concurrent Double Primary Tumours: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Cervical Epithelioid Angiosarcoma
    Lum SG, Mahmud N, Isa N, Mat Baki M
    Medeni Med J, 2020;35(4):349-355.
    PMID: 33717629 DOI: 10.5222/MMJ.2020.83479
    Angiosarcoma is one of the rarest types of malignant vascular tumours that involved the head and neck region. It predominantly affects the scalp and superficial soft tissues. Angiosarcoma arising from the deep cervical soft tissue is extremely rare. There is a limited literature on neck angiosarcoma that occurred simultaneously with papillary thyroid carcinoma. We report a rare case of concurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma and cervical epithelioid angiosarcoma, and postoperative rapid progression of residual angiosarcoma that mimicked a neck haematoma. The diagnostic challenge and possible etiologies have been discussed here.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms, Vascular Tissue; Thyroid Neoplasms; Vascular Neoplasms
  5. Fulltext The Association between Tea Consumption and Nasopharyngeal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
    Okekpa SI, S. M. N. Mydin RB, Ganeson S, Gopalan S, Musa MY
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2020 08 01;21(8):2183-2187.
    PMID: 32856842 DOI: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.8.2183
    Heated debates have been on-going about tea consumption and the incidence of cancer, especially in head and
    neck cancer types. This study aimed to review the association between tea consumption habits and nasopharyngeal
    cancer (NPC). Methods: This review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-P protocol. Literature search
    for journal articles that published studies on the relationship between tea consumption and NPC was performed via
    databases, such as Elsevier, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, Google, and Google Scholar, for 10 years from
    2008 to 2018. Relevant studies were obtained by applying the pre-determined keywords, such as nasopharyngeal cancer,
    tea consumption and NPC, risk factors of NPC and benefits of tea consumption. Results: A total of 126 articles was
    retrieved. These articles were subjected to eligibility assessment. Six articles remained after applying the inclusion
    criteria. Results suggest that habitual tea consumption reduces NPC. Tea consumption significantly reduces NPC with
    all the studies having a p-value ≤0.05. Meta-analysis showed statistical association between tea consumption and NPC
    risk with OR=0.865 at 95% CI (0.806-0.929). Conclusion: This study suggests that habitual tea consumption could
    be associated with prevention of NPC development. Additional studies are needed to further understand the molecular
    role of bioactive compound and potential health benefit of tea consumption in NPC prevention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/epidemiology*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/prevention & control*
  6. Meta-analysis of histopathological outcomes of laparoscopic assisted rectal resection (LARR) vs open rectal resection (ORR) for carcinoma
    Memon MA, Awaiz A, Yunus RM, Memon B, Khan S
    Am J Surg, 2018 11;216(5):1004-1015.
    PMID: 29958656 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2018.06.012
    BACKGROUND: We conducted a meta-analysis of the randomized evidence to determine the relative merits of histopathological outcomes of laparoscopic assisted (LARR) versus open rectal resection (ORR) for rectal cancer.

    DATA SOURCES: A search of PubMed and other electronic databases comparing LARR and ORR between Jan 2000 and June 2016 was performed. Histopathological variables analyzed included; location of rectal tumors; complete and incomplete TME; positive and negative circumferential resection margins (+/-CRM); positive distal resected margins (+DRM); distance of tumor from DRM; number of lymph nodes harvested; resected specimen length; tumor size and perforated rectum.

    RESULTS: Fourteen RCTs totaling 3843 patients (LARR = 2096, ORR = 1747) were analyzed. Comparable effects were noted for all these histopathological variables except for the variable perforated rectum which favored ORR.

    CONCLUSIONS: LARR compares favorably to ORR for rectal cancer treatment. However, there is significantly higher risk of rectal perforation during LARR compared to ORR.

    Matched MeSH terms: Rectal Neoplasms/pathology; Rectal Neoplasms/surgery*
  7. Fulltext Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects elicited by short chain fatty acids produced by Escherichia coli isolated from healthy human gut microbiota
    Nakkarach A, Foo HL, Song AA, Mutalib NEA, Nitisinprasert S, Withayagiat U
    Microb Cell Fact, 2021 Feb 05;20(1):36.
    PMID: 33546705 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01477-z
    BACKGROUND: Extracellular metabolites of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) excreted by gut microbiota have been reported to play an important role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Apart from supplying energy, SCFA also elicit immune stimulation in animal and human cells. Therefore, an attempt was conducted to isolate SCFA producing bacteria from healthy human microbiota. The anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects of extracellular metabolites and individual SFCA were further investigated by using breast, colon cancer and macrophage cells. Toxin, inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expressions were investigated by RT-qPCR analyses in this study.

    RESULTS: Escherichia coli KUB-36 was selected in this study since it has the capability to produce seven SCFA extracellularly. It produced acetic acid as the main SCFA. It is a non-exotoxin producer and hence, it is a safe gut microbiota. The IC50 values indicated that the E. coli KUB-36 metabolites treatment elicited more potent cytotoxicity effect on MCF7 breast cancer cell as compared to colon cancer and leukemia cancer cells but exhibited little cytotoxic effects on normal breast cell. Furthermore, E. coli KUB-36 metabolites and individual SCFA could affect inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide-induced THP-1 macrophage cells since they suppressed inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α well as compared to the control, whilst inducing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 expression.

    CONCLUSION: SCFA producing E. coli KUB-36 possessed vast potential as a beneficial gut microbe since it is a non-exotoxin producer that exhibited beneficial cytotoxic effects on cancer cells and elicited anti-inflammatory activity simultaneously. However, the probiotic characteristic of E. coli KUB-36 should be further elucidated using in vivo animal models.

    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Neoplasms/metabolism
  8. Fulltext [Anesthesia in anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis - is general anesthesia a requisite? A case report]
    Chaw SH, Foo LL, Chan L, Wong KK, Abdullah S, Lim BK
    Rev Bras Anestesiol, 2016 09 28;67(6):647-650.
    PMID: 27687317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjan.2016.09.003
    Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis is a recently described neurological disorder and an increasingly recognized cause of psychosis, movement disorders and autonomic dysfunction. We report 20-year-old Chinese female who presented with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, recent memory loss, visual hallucinations and abnormal behavior. Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis was diagnosed and a computed tomography scan of abdomen reviewed a left adnexal tumor. We describe the first such case report of a patient with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis who was given a bilateral transversus abdominis plane block as the sole anesthetic for removal of ovarian tumor. We also discuss the anesthetic issues associated with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor encephalitis. As discovery of tumor and its removal is the focus of initial treatment in this group of patients, anesthetists will encounter more such cases in the near future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/complications; Ovarian Neoplasms/surgery
  9. Fulltext Intracranial germinoma – a case report
    Subha, S.T., Puaviappan, P., Ramesh, N., Dass, Dipak B
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2013;9(1):81-82.
    MyJurnal
    Intracranial germinomas belong to the class of germ cell tumors which are relatively rare intracranial tumors. Early recognition of this neoplasm is vital as germinomas are highly radiosensitive and effective/ early radiation therapy can result in relatively favourable overall prognosis. In this article we describe a 19 years old man who presented with pituitary tumor in the suprasellar region for which transsphenoidal decompression and biopsy was done. The histopathological examination confirmed it to be germinoma and he underwent craniospinal radiotherapy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Pituitary Neoplasms
  10. Fulltext Radiation-induced meningioma following radiotherapy for pituitary adenonoma: a case report
    Ellyda, M.N., Win Mar@Salmah, J.
    International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2013;12(1):63-66.
    MyJurnal
    It is well known that ionizing radiation has an onco-genetic activity and has been implicated in the causation of brain tumors. However, when a new growth appears adjacent to the site of previous tumor, the diagnosis is more toward recurrence. In addition to that, the possible cause might be overlooked, when it occurs many years after radiation treatment. We report a case of radiation-induced meningioma developed 20 years after the patient received radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Brain Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced; Pituitary Neoplasms
  11. Nasopharyngeal chordoma
    Sakkarapani V, Panicker C
    Med J Malaysia, 1977 Mar;31(3):208-12.
    PMID: 904513
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/pathology
  12. Anaesthetic problems of space-occupying lesions of the chest
    Manavalan AS
    Med J Malaya, 1969 Dec;24(2):124-7.
    PMID: 4244137
    Matched MeSH terms: Lung Neoplasms*; Thymus Neoplasms
  13. Fulltext Molecular Imaging - a way forward in translating disease behaviour in an era of personalized medicine
    Fathinul Fikri AS
    J Int Med Res, 2018 Feb;46(2):652-653.
    PMID: 28718732 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517719211
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/pathology*; Neoplasms/prevention & control
  14. Functional role of circular RNAs in cancer development and progression
    Ng WL, Mohd Mohidin TB, Shukla K
    RNA Biol, 2018;15(8):995-1005.
    PMID: 29954251 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1486659
    Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs formed by covalently closed loops through back-splicing. High throughput sequencing technologies have identified thousands of circRNAs with high sequence conservation and cell type specific expression in eukaryotes. CircRNAs play multiple important roles in cellular physiology functioning as miRNA sponges, transcriptional regulators, RBP binding molecules, templates for protein translation, and immune regulators. In a clinical context, circRNAs expression is correlated with patient's clinicopathological features in cancers including breast, liver, gastric, colorectal, and lung cancer. Additionally, distinct properties of circRNAs, such as high stability, exonuclease resistance, and existence in body fluids, show promising role for circRNAs as molecular biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, non-invasive monitoring, prognosis, and therapeutic intervention. Therefore, it is critical to further understand the molecular mechanism underlying circRNAs interaction in tumors and the recent progress of this RNA species in cancer development. In this review, we provide a detailed description of biological functions, molecular role of circRNAs in different cancers, and its potential role as biomarkers in a clinical context.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/genetics*; Neoplasms/pathology*
  15. Fulltext Research on cancer diagnosis in Malaysia: current status
    Looi LM, Zubaidah Z, Cheah PL, Cheong SK, Gudum HR, Iekhsan O, et al.
    Malays J Pathol, 2004 Jun;26(1):13-27.
    PMID: 16190103
    Cancer is a major morbidity and mortality concern in Malaysia. Based on National Cancer Registry data, the Malaysian population is estimated to bear a cancer burden of about 40,000 new cases per year, and a cumulative lifetime risk of about 1:4. Cancer research in Malaysia has to consider needs relevant to our population, and resources constraints. Hence, funding bodies prioritise cancers of high prevalence, unique to our community and posing specific clinical problems. Cancer diagnosis is crucial to cancer management. While cancer diagnosis research largely aims at improvements in diagnostic information towards more appropriate therapy, it also impacts upon policy development and other areas of cancer management. The scope of cancer diagnosis upon which this paper is based, and their possible impact on other R&D areas, has been broadly categorized into: (1) identification of aetiological agents and their linkages to the development of precancer and cancer (impact on policy development, cancer prevention and treatment), (2) cancer biology and pathogenesis (impact on cancer prevention, treatment strategies and product development), (3) improvements in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity in cancer detection, monitoring and classification (impact on technology development) and (4) prognostic and predictive parameters (impact on treatment strategies). This paper is based on data collected by the Working Group on Cancer Diagnosis Research for the First National Conference on Cancer Research Coordination in April 2004. Data was collated from the databases of Institutions/Universities where the authors are employed, the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MOSTI) and targeted survey feedback from key cancer researchers. Under the 7th Malaysia Plan, 76 cancer projects were funded through the Intensified Research in Priority Areas (IRPA) scheme of MOSTI, amounting to almost RM15 million of grant money. 47(61.8%) of these projects were substantially in cancer diagnosis, accounting for 65.6% (RM 9.7 million) of cancer project funds. The 8th Malaysia Plan saw a change in research strategy. The IRPA agency fielded several top-down projects which encouraged a multicentre and multidisciplinary approach. This resulted in larger funding per project i.e. RM32 million for 49 projects. There was also a surge of interest in drug development and natural products. Because of this shift in direction, cancer diagnosis projects constituted only 51% of IRPA-funded cancer projects. Nonetheless funding for cancer diagnosis research has exceeded that of the 7th Malaysia Plan, being RM12.5 million by March 2004. The majority of such research is carried out at the Universities, engaging a large number of young scientists and postgraduate students (51 MSc and 21 PhD). A lot of research findings presented at scientific meetings have not yet been published and there is a glaring shortage of patents and commercialization of research findings (such as creation of test kits). Because diagnosis is very much a part of clinical practice, many researchers felt satisfied and confident that their work will be translated into practice and will significantly improve diagnostic services in Malaysia. National guidelines and consensus development on at least three malignancies i.e. breast cancer, oral cancer and lymphoma, have substantial basis in local R&D work. Problems encountered in research included (1) insufficient funding to realize research objectives, (2) lack of local expertise (most research assistants are inexperienced BSc graduates with no or minimal research experience), (3) inadequate technical support from vendors during equipment failure, (4) inexperienced Institutional development units to assist in product development, (5) lack of venture capital for commercialization of findings, and (6) inadequate incentives to undertake research. Researchers pointed out that plans to promote research should include the establishment of (1) regional and national cancer tissue banks, (2) a National Cancer Research Institute, (3) a dedicated cancer research fund, (4) a registry of cancer researchers, (5) national research coordinators, (6) improved coverage by the National Cancer Registry, (7) more international collaboration, (8) a better career structure for researchers, (9) improved Institutional support for product realization, and (10) better recognition for cancer researchers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Neoplasms/epidemiology
  16. 22nd International Conference on Medical Physics 2016, Bangkok, Thailand; Medical physics propelling global health
    Tsapaki V, Ibbott G, Krisanachinda A, Ng KH, Suh TS, Tabakov S, et al.
    Phys Med, 2017 Dec;44:196-198.
    PMID: 29221890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.11.022
    As medical technology evolves and patient needs increase, the need for well-trained and highly professional medical physicists (MPs) becomes even more urgent. The roles and responsibilities of MPs in various departments within the hospital are diverse and demanding. It is obvious that training, continuing education and professional development of MPs have become essential. One of the ways for an MP to advance his or her knowledge is to participate in conferences and congresses. Last year, the 22nd International Conference of Medical Physics (ICMP 2016) took place in Bangkok, Thailand. The event attracted 584 delegates with most of the participants coming from Asia. It attracted also delegates from 42 countries. The largest delegations were from Thailand, Japan and South Korea. ICMP 2016 included 367 oral presentations and e-posters, most of these being in the fields of Radiation Therapy, Medical Imaging and Radiation Safety. All abstracts were published as an e-book of Abstracts in a supplement to the official IOMP Journal. Many companies had exhibition stands at ICMP2016, thus allowing the participants to see the latest developments in the medical physics-related industry. The conference included 42 mini-symposia, part of the first "IOMP School" activity, covering various topics of importance for the profession and this special issue follows from the success of the conference.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/diagnosis; Neoplasms/radiotherapy
  17. Fulltext Dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas: clinical features and management
    Foo SH, Chan SP, Ananda V, Rajasingam V
    Singapore Med J, 2010 May;51(5):e89-93.
    PMID: 20593136
    Most functional phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas produce noradrenaline and/or adrenaline. Those that produce dopamine are rare. We describe the distinguishing clinical features of dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas from those that secrete noradrenaline/adrenaline and the impact on their management. We present a case of a dopamine-secreting paraganglioma from our institution and review 14 case reports of dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas published between 1984 and 2008. As observed in the literature, 80% of the tumours were extra-adrenal. Most patients presented with non-specific symptoms or mass effect without the classical presentation of catecholamine excess. The majority were diagnosed with urinary or plasma dopamine. Five patients had malignant tumours and 12 patients underwent surgical resection of the primary tumours. Unlike noradrenaline/adrenaline-secreting phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas, dopamine-secreting tumours lack a classical presentation, are extra-adrenal and have a higher malignant potential. A routine inclusion of urinary or plasma dopamine as part of catecholamine screening in all suspected phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas is recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Abdominal Neoplasms/diagnosis; Abdominal Neoplasms/pathology; Abdominal Neoplasms/secretion; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/pathology; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/secretion*; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/surgery; Head and Neck Neoplasms/diagnosis; Head and Neck Neoplasms/secretion; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery
  18. Fulltext Massive lingual teratoma in a neonate
    Hassan S, Sidek DS, Shah Jihan WD, Phutane G, Mutum SS
    Singapore Med J, 2007 Aug;48(8):e212-4.
    PMID: 17657368
    Teratoma of the tongue is a rare entity. We present a male newborn with massive lingual teratoma and cleft palate, which surprisingly did not cause immediate airway obstruction. This case illustrates a huge mass in the oral cavity, which was missed on antenatal ultrasonography because it did not present with polyhydramnios. The mass was excised under general anaesthesia. Histopathologically, it consisted of all three layers of embryonic elements with predominantly glial tissue. Postoperatively, the patient developed hypoglossal nerve palsy, and no recurrence was detected after four years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tongue Neoplasms/pathology*; Tongue Neoplasms/surgery
  19. Fulltext Cancer mortality in the Federal Capital of Malaysia
    Lim HH
    Singapore Med J, 1986 Dec;27(6):512-8.
    PMID: 3589722
    A study of cancer deaths registered in the Federal Capital of Malaysia during a three-year period from 1979-1981 was carried out to analyse the cancer patterns by age, sex and ethnic group. There were altogether 2524 cancer deaths, constituting 14.5% of the total 17,446 deaths in the three years. Analysis was based on the medically certified and inspected deaths, which constituted 98.2% of the total deaths. Classification was based on the Eighth (1965) Revision of the WHO International Classification of Diseases. A detailed description of the most common cancer deaths among males and females in the total study population, and in each of the three major ethnic groups (Malays; Chinese, Indians) was carried out. Ethnic variations in mortality from some of the common cancers were described and discussed, and compared with another series based on hospital admissions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/ethnology; Neoplasms/mortality*
  20. Fully Endoscopic Retrosigmoid Approach for Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors
    Saied M, Najibullah M, Shabbir Z, Saleem A, Ali A, Azab WA
    Adv Tech Stand Neurosurg, 2024;52:229-244.
    PMID: 39017797 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-61925-0_16
    BACKGROUND: Fully endoscopic or endoscope-controlled approaches are essentially keyhole approaches in which rigid endoscopes are the sole visualization tools used during the whole procedure. At the early attempts of endoscope-assisted cranial surgery, it was noted that rigid endoscopes enabled overcoming the problem of suboptimal visualization when small exposures are used. The technical specifications and design of the currently available rigid endoscopes are associated with a group of unique features that define the endoscopic view and lay the basis for its superiority over the microscopic view during brain surgery. Fully endoscopic retrosigmoid approach for cerebellopontine angle tumors is a minimally invasive approach that is not routinely practiced by neurosurgeons, with few series published so far. Unfamiliarity with the technique, steep learning curve, and concerns about inadequate exposure, neurovascular injury, and decreased visibility may explain this fact. In this chapter we elaborate on the surgical technique and nuances of the fully endoscopic retrosigmoid approach and present an overview of the published series.

    METHODS: From a prospective database of endoscopic procedures maintained by the senior author, clinical data, imaging studies, operative charts, and videos of cases undergoing fully endoscopic retrosigmoid approach for cerebellopontine angle tumors were retrieved and analyzed. The pertinent literature was also reviewed.

    RESULTS: The surgical technique of the fully endoscopic retrosigmoid approach was formulated.

    CONCLUSION: The endoscopic technique has many advantages over the conventional procedures. In our hands, the technique has proven to be feasible, efficient, and minimally invasive with excellent results.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology; Cerebellar Neoplasms/surgery
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