Displaying publications 201 - 220 of 318 in total

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  1. [Population policy in some Asian countries]
    Concepcion M
    Rev Bras Estud Popul, 1987 Jan-Jul;4(1):61-76.
    PMID: 12280935
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  2. Individual-level fertility measures derived from the own children method: an evaluation of Southeast Asian census data
    Guest P
    Majalah Demografi Indones, 1991 Jun;18(35):43-58.
    PMID: 12317016
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  3. Female first marriage in East and Southeast Asia: a Kiefer-Neumann model
    Montgomery MR, Sulak DB
    J Dev Econ, 1989 Apr;30(2):225-40.
    PMID: 12342575
    Many studies have shown that schooling levels of husband and wife are important determinants of household behavior in developing countries. This article asks how the schooling levels of husband and wife come to be associated with each other through the marriage market. The Kiefer-Neumann model of labor market search is adapted to marital search, the aim being to explain both the positive sorting on educational levels for spouses, and the positive relationship between female schooling and age at 1st marriage. World Fertility Survey data for Indonesia, Korea, and Malaysia are employed in the analyses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  4. Muslim refugees in Southeast Asia, the Malaysian response
    Dorall RF
    Asian Migr, 1988 May-Jun;1(3):88-93.
    PMID: 12281348
    This article surveys the arrivals of Muslim refugees from countries in Southeast Asia who have not only come to Malaysia for political refuge, but who have also stayed on, in many instances integrating into the local Muslim community. The author concludes that Burmese, Thai, and Filipino Muslim refugee-cum-migrants, and the estimated 500,000 illegal Indonesian migrant workers in East and Peninsular Malaysia make the presence of economic migrants in Malaysia's towns and rural sectors a far more pressing concern to Malaysians than that posed by the arrival of genuine political refugees. Only the Indonesians present in Malaysia are consistently termed by all parties as illegal migrants and some of them have been subjected to well-publicized deportation by the Malaysian immigration authorities. Sympathy for fellow-Muslims in distress explains Malaysia's open-door policy to Muslim refugees. The Koran specifically enjoins Muslims to assist Muslim refugees who have been persecuted by others. However, the necessity to maintain regional political and military alliances, principally as a bulwark against Communism, and the Malay--Non-Malay, Muslim--Non-Muslim dichotomy in Malaysia which almost evenly divides Malaysia's 16 million population into mutually antagonistic halves, results in any overt public policy in favor of Malays and Muslims to be immediately denounced by the other half of the population as a move against the Non-Malays and Non-Muslims. Without political and media attention, the refugees live wherever they can find work, as do hundreds of thousands of mainly Indonesian illegal migrant workers. They surreptitiously get their children admitted to public schools, and through bribery, can even get Malaysian identification papers. Malaysia is a relatively tranquil haven for Malaysia's Muslim refugees compared to their homelands, but their continued stay remains dependent on the ever-present struggle for more equitable sharing of political and economic power between the different ethnic groups in Malaysia. At present, it is deemed inopportune to discuss publicly the issue of Muslim refugees in Malaysia. To do so would be to invite strong emotional responses from Malaysian Muslim groups objecting to refugee repatriation to what they see as continued persecution in Southeast Asia's non-Muslim countries, and from non-Muslim Malaysians who see in their continued presence a possible long-term demographic threat. Furthermore, the presence of Muslim evacuees granted refugee status brings painful memories as to why non-Muslim refugees principally from Indochina were denied such a similar privilege.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  5. Migration, income and fertility in Malaysia: a simultaneous equations model with limited dependent variables
    Lee KS
    Appl Econ, 1989;21:1589-610.
    PMID: 12342770
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  6. Services for older people in Malaysia: issues and challenges
    Poi PJ, Forsyth DR, Chan DK
    Age Ageing, 2004 Sep;33(5):444-6.
    PMID: 15315917
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  7. A macroscopic approach to demography
    Smith JD
    J Math Biol, 2004 Jan;48(1):105-18.
    PMID: 14685774
    A canonical/lognormal model for human demography is established, specifying the net maternity function and the age distribution for mothers of new-borns using a single macroscopic parameter vector of dimension five. The age distribution of mothers is canonical, while the net maternity function normalizes to a lognormal density. Comparison of an actual population with the model serves to identify anomalies in the population which may be indicative of phase transitions or influences from levels outside the demographic. Tracking the time development of the parameter vector may be used to predict the future state of a population, or to interpolate for data missing from the record. In accordance with classical theoretical considerations of Backman, Prigogine, et al., it emerges that the logarithm of a mother's age is the most fundamental time variable for demographic purposes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  8. Resource use of insect seed predators during general flowering and seeding events in a Bornean dipterocarp rain forest
    Nakagawa M, Itioka T, Momose K, Yumoto T, Komai F, Morimoto K, et al.
    Bull. Entomol. Res., 2003 Oct;93(5):455-66.
    PMID: 14658448
    Insect seed predators of 24 dipterocarp species (including the genera ot Dipterocarpus, Dryobalanops and Shorea) and five species belonging to the Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Celastraceae and Sapotaceae were investigated. In a tropical lowland dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Malaysia, these trees produces seeds irregularly by intensely during general flowering and seeding events in 1996 and/or 1998. Dipterocarp seeds were preyed on by 51 insect species (11 families), which were roughly classified into three taxonomic groups: smaller moths (Trotricidae, Pyralidae, Crambidae, Immidae, Sesiidae, and Cosmopterigidae), scolytids (Scolydae) and weevils (Curdulionidae, Apionidae, Anthribidae, and Attelabidae). Although the host-specificity of invertebrate seed predators has been assumed to be high in tropical forests, it was found that the diet ranges of some insect predators were relatively wide and overlapped one another. Most seed predators that were collected in both study years changes their diets between general flowering and seeding events. The results of cluster analyses based on the number of adult of each predator species that emerged from 100 seeds of each tree species, suggested that the dominant species was not consistent, alternating between the two years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  9. The Banyan tree: overseas migrants from South Asia
    Tinker H
    Dev Dig, 1979 Oct;17(4):116-24.
    PMID: 12336016
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  10. Fulltext Degraded lands worth protecting: the biological importance of Southeast Asia's repeatedly logged forests
    Edwards DP, Larsen TH, Docherty TD, Ansell FA, Hsu WW, Derhé MA, et al.
    Proc Biol Sci, 2011 Jan 7;278(1702):82-90.
    PMID: 20685713 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2010.1062
    Southeast Asia is a hotspot of imperiled biodiversity, owing to extensive logging and forest conversion to oil palm agriculture. The degraded forests that remain after multiple rounds of intensive logging are often assumed to be of little conservation value; consequently, there has been no concerted effort to prevent them from being converted to oil palm. However, no study has quantified the biodiversity of repeatedly logged forests. We compare the species richness and composition of birds and dung beetles within unlogged (primary), once-logged and twice-logged forests in Sabah, Borneo. Logging had little effect on the overall richness of birds. Dung beetle richness declined following once-logging but did not decline further after twice-logging. The species composition of bird and dung beetle communities was altered, particularly after the second logging rotation, but globally imperiled bird species (IUCN Red List) did not decline further after twice-logging. Remarkably, over 75 per cent of bird and dung beetle species found in unlogged forest persisted within twice-logged forest. Although twice-logged forests have less biological value than primary and once-logged forests, they clearly provide important habitat for numerous bird and dung beetle species. Preventing these degraded forests from being converted to oil palm should be a priority of policy-makers and conservationists.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  11. Fulltext Phylogeographical pattern and evolutionary history of an important Peninsular Malaysian timber species, Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae)
    Tnah LH, Lee SL, Ng KK, Lee CT, Bhassu S, Othman RY
    J Hered, 2013 Jan-Feb;104(1):115-26.
    PMID: 23132907 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess076
    Tectonic movements, climatic oscillations, and marine transgressions during the Cenozoic have had a dramatic effect on the biota of the tropical rain forest. This study aims to reveal the phylogeography and evolutionary history of a Peninsular Malaysian endemic tropical timber species, Neobalanocarpus heimii (Dipterocarpaceae). A total of 32 natural populations of N. heimii, with 8 samples from each population were investigated. Fifteen haplotypes were identified from five noncoding chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) regions. Overall, two major genealogical cpDNA lineages of N. heimii were elucidated: a widespread southern and a northern region. The species is predicted to have survived in multiple refugia during climatic oscillations: the northwestern region (R1), the northeastern region (R2), and the southern region (R3). These putative glacial refugia exhibited higher levels of genetic diversity, population differentiation, and the presence of unique haplotypes. Recolonization of refugia R1 and R2 could have first expanded into the northern region and migrated both northeastwards and northwestwards. Meanwhile, recolonization of N. heimii throughout the southern region could have commenced from refugia R3 and migrated toward the northeast and northwest, respectively. The populations of Tersang, Pasir Raja, and Rotan Tunggal exhibited remarkably high haplotype diversity, which could have been the contact zones that have received an admixture of gene pools from the northerly and also southerly regions. As a whole, the populations of N. heimii derived from glacial refugia and contact zones should be considered in the conservation strategies in order to safeguard the long-term survival of the species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  12. Loxodonta Localizer: A Software Tool for Inferring the Provenance of African Elephants and Their Ivory Using Mitochondrial DNA
    Zhao K, Ishida Y, Green CE, Davidson AG, Sitam FAT, Donnelly CL, et al.
    J Hered, 2019 12 17;110(7):761-768.
    PMID: 31674643 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz058
    Illegal hunting is a major threat to the elephants of Africa, with more elephants killed by poachers than die from natural causes. DNA from tusks has been used to infer the source populations for confiscated ivory, relying on nuclear genetic markers. However, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences can also provide information on the geographic origins of elephants due to female elephant philopatry. Here, we introduce the Loxodonta Localizer (LL; www.loxodontalocalizer.org), an interactive software tool that uses a database of mtDNA sequences compiled from previously published studies to provide information on the potential provenance of confiscated ivory. A 316 bp control region sequence, which can be readily generated from DNA extracted from ivory, is used as a query. The software generates a listing of haplotypes reported among 1917 African elephants in 24 range countries, sorted in order of similarity to the query sequence. The African locations from which haplotype sequences have been previously reported are shown on a map. We demonstrate examples of haplotypes reported from only a single locality or country, examine the utility of the program in identifying elephants from countries with varying degrees of sampling, and analyze batches of confiscated ivory. The LL allows for the source of confiscated ivory to be assessed within days, using widely available molecular methods that do not depend on a particular platform or laboratory. The program enables identification of potential regions or localities from which elephants are being poached, with capacity for rapid identification of populations newly or consistently targeted by poachers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  13. Studies on Japanese encephalitis vector mosquitoes in Selangor, Malaysia
    Vythilingam I, Singh KI, Mahadevan S, Zaridah MS, Ong KK, Abidin MH
    J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 1993 Dec;9(4):467-9.
    PMID: 8126485
    Mosquito collections were carried out from May to June 1992 and from September to December 1992 in an area where a case of Japanese encephalitis was confirmed. A total of 40,072 mosquitoes belonging to 35 species and 8 genera were collected. The dominant species in that locality were Culex vishnui, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex pseudovishnui, Culex gelidus, Aedes butleri, and Mansonia uniformis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  14. Impact of Harvesting on a Bioeconomic Predator-Prey Fishery Model Subject to Environmental Toxicant
    Ang TK, Safuan HM, Sidhu HS, Jovanoski Z, Towers IN
    Bull Math Biol, 2019 07;81(7):2748-2767.
    PMID: 31201660 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-019-00627-8
    The present paper studies a predator-prey fishery model which incorporates the independent harvesting strategies and nonlinear impact of an anthropogenic toxicant. Both fish populations are harvested with different harvesting efforts, and the cases for the presence and non-presence of harvesting effort are discussed. The prey fish population is assumed to be infected by the toxicant directly which causes indirect infection to predator fish population through the feeding process. Each equilibrium of the proposed system is examined by analyzing the respective local stability properties. Dynamical behavior and bifurcations are studied with the assistance of threshold conditions influencing the persistence and extinction of both predator and prey. Bionomic equilibrium solutions for three possible cases are investigated with certain restrictions. Optimal harvesting policy is explored by utilizing the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle to optimize the profit while maintaining the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. Bifurcation analysis showed that the harvesting parameters are the key elements causing fishery extinction. Numerical simulations of bionomic and optimal equilibrium solutions showed that the presence of toxicant has a detrimental effect on the fish populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  15. Fulltext Serotype distribution of invasive, non-invasive and carried Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malaysia: a meta-analysis
    Lister AJJ, Le CF, Cheah ESG, Desa MNM, Cleary DW, Clarke SC
    Pneumonia (Nathan), 2021 May 25;13(1):9.
    PMID: 34030731 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-021-00086-7
    BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal pneumonia is the leading cause of under-five mortality globally. The surveillance of pneumococcal serotypes is therefore vital for informing pneumococcal vaccination policy and programmes. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been available as an option in the private healthcare setting and beginning December 2020, PCV10 was incorporated as part of routine national immunisation programme (NIP) in Malaysia. We searched existing literature on pneumococcal serotype distribution across Malaysia to provide an overall view of this distribution before the implementation of PCV10.

    METHODS: Online databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Scopus), reference lists of articles identified, and grey literature (Malaysian Ministry of Health website, WHO website) were systematically searched for relevant literature on pneumococcal serotype distribution across Malaysia up to 10th November 2020. No lower date limit was set to maximise the number of target reports returned. Results of serotypes were split by age categories, including ≤5 years, > 5 years and unreported for those that did not specify.

    RESULTS: The search returned 18 relevant results, with a total of 2040 isolates. The most common serotypes across all disease types were 19F (n = 313, 15.3% [95%CI: 13.8-17.0]), 23F (n = 166, 8.1% [95%CI: 7.0-9.4]), 14 (n = 166, 8.1% [95%CI: 7.0-9.4]), 6B (n = 163, 8.0% [95%CI: 6.9-9.2]) and 19A (n = 138, 6.8% [95%CI: 5.8-7.9]).

    CONCLUSION: Four of the most common serotypes across all isolate sources in Malaysia are covered by PCV10, while PCV13 provides greater serotype coverage in comparison to PCV10. There is still a need for surveillance studies, particularly those investigating serotypes in children under 5 years of age, to monitor vaccine effectiveness and pneumococcal population dynamic following implementation of PCV10 into routine immunisation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  16. Fulltext Pre-extinction Demographic Stability and Genomic Signatures of Adaptation in the Woolly Rhinoceros
    Lord E, Dussex N, Kierczak M, Díez-Del-Molino D, Ryder OA, Stanton DWG, et al.
    Curr Biol, 2020 10 05;30(19):3871-3879.e7.
    PMID: 32795436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.046
    Ancient DNA has significantly improved our understanding of the evolution and population history of extinct megafauna. However, few studies have used complete ancient genomes to examine species responses to climate change prior to extinction. The woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) was a cold-adapted megaherbivore widely distributed across northern Eurasia during the Late Pleistocene and became extinct approximately 14 thousand years before present (ka BP). While humans and climate change have been proposed as potential causes of extinction [1-3], knowledge is limited on how the woolly rhinoceros was impacted by human arrival and climatic fluctuations [2]. Here, we use one complete nuclear genome and 14 mitogenomes to investigate the demographic history of woolly rhinoceros leading up to its extinction. Unlike other northern megafauna, the effective population size of woolly rhinoceros likely increased at 29.7 ka BP and subsequently remained stable until close to the species' extinction. Analysis of the nuclear genome from a ∼18.5-ka-old specimen did not indicate any increased inbreeding or reduced genetic diversity, suggesting that the population size remained steady for more than 13 ka following the arrival of humans [4]. The population contraction leading to extinction of the woolly rhinoceros may have thus been sudden and mostly driven by rapid warming in the Bølling-Allerød interstadial. Furthermore, we identify woolly rhinoceros-specific adaptations to arctic climate, similar to those of the woolly mammoth. This study highlights how species respond differently to climatic fluctuations and further illustrates the potential of palaeogenomics to study the evolutionary history of extinct species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  17. Fulltext Aedes larval population dynamics and risk for dengue epidemics in Malaysia
    Rohani A, Suzilah I, Malinda M, Anuar I, Mohd Mazlan I, Salmah Maszaitun M, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2011 Aug;28(2):237-48.
    PMID: 22041742
    Early detection of a dengue outbreak is an important first step towards implementing effective dengue interventions resulting in reduced mortality and morbidity. A dengue mathematical model would be useful for the prediction of an outbreak and evaluation of control measures. However, such a model must be carefully parameterized and validated with epidemiological, ecological and entomological data. A field study was conducted to collect and analyse various parameters to model dengue transmission and outbreak. Dengue prone areas in Kuala Lumpur, Pahang, Kedah and Johor were chosen for this study. Ovitraps were placed outdoor and used to determine the effects of meteorological parameters on vector breeding. Vector population in each area was monitored weekly for 87 weeks. Weather stations, consisting of a temperature and relative humidity data logger and an automated rain gauge, were installed at key locations in each study site. Correlation and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ADL) model were used to study the relationship among the variables. Previous week rainfall plays a significant role in increasing the mosquito population, followed by maximum humidity and temperature. The secondary data of rainfall, temperature and humidity provided by the meteorological department showed an insignificant relationship with the mosquito population compared to the primary data recorded by the researchers. A well fit model was obtained for each locality to be used as a predictive model to foretell possible outbreak.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  18. Fulltext Distribution and abundance of diurnal and nocturnal dipterous flies in the Federal Territory, Putrajaya
    Nazni WA, Nooraidah H, Jeffery J, Azahari AH, Mohd Noor I, Sadiyah I, et al.
    Trop Biomed, 2007 Dec;24(2):61-6.
    PMID: 18209709 MyJurnal
    A study of diurnal and nocturnal distribution of flies was conducted in Putrajaya. Six different ecological habitats were selected, namely: botanical garden, lake-area, administration building, wetland, jungle fringes and housing areas. Two different type of traps, cylinderical and rectangular in shape were used in the study. Baits used in these traps were yeast, sugar, salted fish, shrimp paste and fresh liver. Traps were placed at the sites throughout the diurnal and nocturnal periods. The time for sunrise and sunset was determined using a Geographical Positioning System gadget (GARMIN) at the sites. Both type of traps were equally effective in trapping flies. There was no significant difference between both types of traps in their ability to trap flies (p > 0.05). A total of 1,534 flies were collected and identified from both types of trap using the multiple baits and habitats. The collection consisted of 23 species of flies classified under 6 families. The highest number of flies were caught from the lake-area followed by botanical garden, administration building, housing areas, wetland and jungle fringes. The most dominant species was Chrysomya megacephala, followed by species of Sarcophagidae and Musca domestica. Diurnal period had more numbers of flies (81.55%) compared to the nocturnal periods (18.45%). Some species of flies were strictly diurnal, some exibited both diurnal and nocturnal activities while only one species was strictly nocturnal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  19. Fulltext A comparative study of adult mosquito trapping using dry ice and yeast generated carbon dioxide
    Oli K, Jeffery J, Vythilingam I
    Trop Biomed, 2005 Dec;22(2):249-51.
    PMID: 16883295 MyJurnal
    Adult mosquito collections were conducted for 12 weeks in two residential areas in Kuala Lumpur. The CDC light traps were compared using dry ice and yeast as sources of carbon dioxide attractants for mosquitoes. The efficacy of the dry ice baited trap was significant over yeast generated CO2 trap. The predominant species obtained were Culex quinquefasciatus, Stegomyia albopicta and Armigeres subalbatus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
  20. Family type and fertility: a review of literature
    Kim O-k, Shah IH
    Kajok Kyehoek Nonjip, 1979 Nov;6:142-58.
    PMID: 12178433
    PIP: It is generally believed that extended families encourage high fertility, but a review of the theoretical discussions and empirical research examining the relationship between family type and fertility fails to show any support for the customary belief. Nuclear families consist of husband, wife, and their immediate children. The extended family is broadly defined as any group of related persons living together which includes but is larger than the nuclear family. The main theoretical discussions of extended family and fertility are by Davis (1957); Davis and Blake (1956); Lorimer (1954); and Goode (1963; 1964). In the patrilocal extended family, the wife wants to have offspring as early as possible to strengthen the family line and her own status in the household. In a truly joint household the authority of the elders continues after marriage; the reproductive behavior of a couple is subject to their influence. Less intimate or less intense interspousal communication precludes the possibility of discussion on fertility-related problems and family planning. Younger age at marriage and lack of privacy contributes to higher fertility. According to Goode extended family behavior is characterized by more rules for behavior, while nuclear families emphasize the conjugal bond. Since most affinal and consanguineal kin are excluded from day-to-day decisions in the nuclear family there are weaker reciprocal controls.
    Matched MeSH terms: Population Dynamics
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