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Fulltext Traumatic right proximal subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm treated with a hybrid procedure: A case report

Zaharudin I, Azizi ZA, Govindarajanthran N

Med J Malaysia, 2016 Aug;71(4):220-222.
PMID: 27770128 MyJurnal

Blunt trauma to the right proximal subclavian artery is uncommon and tends to be associated with pseudoaneurysm formation. We report a patient with right proximal subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm after blunt chest trauma following a motor vehicle accident. The condition was successfully treated with a combined insertion of a covered stent and carotid-carotid bypass as a hybrid procedure. Duplex scans at 6 month and 1 year follow-up documented good stent-graft positioning and no pseudoaneurysm recurrence.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
The Influence of Organizational External Factors on Construction Risk Management among Nigerian Construction Companies

Adeleke AQ, Bahaudin AY, Kamaruddeen AM, Bamgbade JA, Salimon MG, Khan MWA, et al.

Saf Health Work, 2018 Mar;9(1):115-124.
PMID: 30363069 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2017.05.004

Background: Substantial empirical research has shown conflicting results regarding the influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management, suggesting the necessity to introduce a moderator into the study. The present research confirmed whether rules and regulations matter on the relationships between organizational external factors and construction risk management.
Methods: Based on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research examined the effects of organizational external factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in construction companies in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A personally administered questionnaire was used to acquire the data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.
Results: A significant positive relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management was asserted. This study also found a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As anticipated, rules and regulations were found to moderate the relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. Similarly, a significant interaction effect was also found between rules and regulations and organizational external factors. Implications of the research from a Nigerian point of view have also been discussed.
Conclusion: Political, economy, and technology factors helped the construction companies to reduce the chance of risk occurrence during the construction activities. Rules and regulations also helped to lessen the rate of accidents involving construction workers as well as the duration of the projects. Similarly, the influence of the organizational external factors with rules and regulations on construction risk management has proven that most of the construction companies that implement the aforementioned factors have the chance to deliver their projects within the stipulated time, cost, and qualities, which can be used as a yardstick to measure a good project.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
Fulltext The effectiveness of the Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan 2015 (OSH-MP 15) in enhancing government leadership and preventive workplace

Norhafizah Yaacob, Shamsul B.M. Tamrin, Ng, Yee Guan, How, Vivien, Rozanah A. Rahman, Zerguine, Haroun, et al.

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2018;14(2):57-66.
MyJurnal

Background: Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan for Malaysia 2015 was intended to increase awareness, knowledge and commitment to Occupational Safety and Health in all undertaking to reduce the number of injuries, diseases and fatalities. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Occupational Safety Health Master Plan for Malaysia 2015 (OSH-MP 15) in enhancing government leadership and preventive workplace culture. Methods: This cross sectional study covered all the states in Malaysia, constituting of 309 employers, 350 Occupational Safety Health practitioners and 360 employees as respondents. There were three questionnaires for three different groups which were employers, Occupational Safety Health practitioners and general employees. The respondents were selected through random sampling. Results: For strategy 1, there was a significant difference in mean of effectiveness of OSH-MP15 between sectors for general workers [F (11, 348) =12.06, p= =

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational
Fulltext A preliminary evaluation of linear control schemes for FES-assisted movements

Ahmed, M., Huq, M.S., Ibrahim, B.S.K.K., Ahmed, A.

Movement Health & Exercise, 2018;7(1):211-223.
MyJurnal

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) can be used to revive movement
functions of the human body to a certain degree which was lost due to
occurrences of the nervous system disorders resulting from accidents or
diseases. It can also be employed for gait rehabilitation as well as therapy.
Control systems could be employed to improve on the FES-induced motion,
and the closed-loop was targeted due to its advantages. Based on the papers
reviewed, studies have shown that the linear control schemes are popular for
movement restoration in the lower limb, but mostly for continuous standing
contributing to mainly the stance phase. Therefore, a myriad of limitations
was observed which include: the need for using improved sensors, re-tuning
for every subject, tests conducted using patient with more straightforward
ailments, complexity in implementation and most importantly is the issue of
stability. The swing phase of gait movement and the full walking motion have
more complex dynamics and coupled with the nature of the plant (human with
nervous system disorder and the neuromuscular structure) could render the
linear control method obsolete or unsuitable. Hence, there is a need to
investigate other techniques such as the nonlinear and intelligent control
methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
Fulltext Problems in the Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) and its effects on Malaysia's national defense policy

Mohamad Faisol Keling, Mohamad Hanapi Mohamad

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2016;1(3):66-82.
MyJurnal

Logistics development of Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) involving the Malaysian Army (TDM),
Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) and Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) have been developed since
1957. Since the 1990s, ATM has been through the process of modernization which is can seen through
the rapid and strong capabilities in logistics aspect. Defense policy development has involved the
development of the logistical aspects of ATM. Purchasing of defense equipments such as the most
modern warship in Armed Force in 1990, Scorpene submarines, fighter aircraft which is used by the
developed countries such as the MiG-29, FA/18 Hornet and Sukhoi 30MKM, battle tanks from Poland
and so on with the transfer package technology is essential to ensure that the principle of self-reliance
defense ATM can be achieved. This process has force the government to allocate a large amount of
money in providing modern logistics equipments so it can be used to the maximum by the defense forces. In fact, the development of the defense and Malaysian Armed Forces (ATM) also growing
along with the development of technology, defense policy, doctrine of current world logistics. However
the logistics development has raised questions because of the capabilty of logistic and Malaysian
Armed Forces (ATM) itself which are caused various accidents and issues affecting ATM.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
Fine motor skills and accident proneness of garments workers in Bangladesh

Muhammad SH, Roy M

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2014;olume 28:79-87.

Accident in an organization is one of the most undesirable phenomenons all over the world. The consequences of accidents in workplace are numerous which include damages of resources and cost of lives of many workers. For example, in 1991 a major disaster occurred in U.S. at triangle Shirtwaist factory, which cost the life of 100 garments workers (Greenwald & Richard, 2005). In Bangladesh accidents in workplace are more frequent and devastating, for which Bangladesh has been criticized severely worldwide. Recently one of those unfortunate phenomenons in Bangladesh was fire at Nimtoli of old Dhaka which cost 117 people burnt alive in June 2010. Another accident took place in Tazreen Fashion, Dhaka in 2012 which caused at least 112 workers either burnt to death or died while trying to escape the blaze. These are the short picture of loss of lives. Yet the losses of resources are not few. Sometimes accidents create threats for human and animal kingdom also by large rate of environmental pollution. For Example, in 2005 devastating Texas City Refinery explosion cost lives of many workers as well as light hydrocarbons concentrated at ground level throughout a large surrounding area which caused long lasting environmental pollution (Baldwin & Lisa, 2008). Furthermore, economic loss cannot also be over looked. A little mistake costs huge loss in assembly line of work. Thus accidents reduce production rate, lessen the quality of product and the reputation of industry also.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
Evaluation of a pilot community-based bicycle helmet promotion program in Malaysia

Krishnan R, Cheng OT, Amar Singh HSS, Wong WY, Yip RCW, Shamini V

Family Physician, 1996;9:17-22.

Bicycle fatalities constituted 5% of road fatalities in 1995. A helmet, properly worn, is the most effective measure to prevent head injury to a cyclist in the event of a crash. We studied the knowledge, attitude and practice of children in two secondary schools (Ipoh and Kulim) with respect to bicycle helmet use before instituting a program for helmet use. Although there were no major differences in knowledge, attitude and practice of students in the two groups, children in the Ipoh program failed to wear helmets while the children in the Kulim program complied over a one year period. The main reason for failure of the helmet progranl in Ipoh were negative peer influence. The Kulim helmet program was integrated with a bicycle safety course conducted by dedicated teachers. The quasi experimental study resulted in increased awareness of the importance of bicycle helmets among school children in Kulim Keywords: Bicycle helmet, road traffic injury, prevention.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
A new approach for better anterior esthetic using platelet-rich fibrin as sole graft material combined with ovate design dental bridge

Buzayan MM, Mahdey HM, Ning CJ

J Indian Prosthodont Soc, 2020 04 07;20(2):219-223.
PMID: 32655228 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_264_19

Alveolar ridge deficiency is considered a major esthetic limitation, especially in the maxillary anterior region. Several approaches have been developed to enhance and increase the soft-tissue volume. Among those approaches are connective tissue grafts, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane and implying the guided bone regeneration concept. The PRF grafting technique was employed in this clinical case to improve and enhance the anterior esthetic without the need for the bone graft and augmentation. This article describes the use of PRF as a sole grafting material for both socket and soft-tissue augmentation for a 23-year-old male, who had an accident 8 years ago while he was playing a basketball, which caused his upper front teeth to be intruded and discolored. The upper left central tooth suffered a major external root resorption; hence, it was extracted. PRF was prepared and packed in and extruded out of the socket. This was combined with ovate design provisional bridge. Ten days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months postoperative review showed a significantly well-progressed healing. According to the encouraging result obtained in this clinical case in regard to tissue healing and esthetic, the PRF can be a potential sole graft material for small anterior deficient areas. This may reduce the need of bone augmentation and graft in such selected cases.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
Fulltext GIS-based intelligent planning approach of child-friendly pedestrian pathway to promote a child-friendly city

Fang K, Azizan SA, Huang H

Sci Rep, 2024 Apr 07;14(1):8139.
PMID: 38584168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58712-5

Pedestrian safety, particularly for children, relies on well-designed pathways. Child-friendly pathways play a crucial role in safeguarding young pedestrians. Shared spaces accommodating both vehicles and walkers can bring benefits to pedestrians. However, active children playing near these pathways are prone to accidents. This research aims to develop an efficient method for planning child-friendly pedestrian pathways, taking into account community development and the specific needs of children. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing the Datang community in Guangzhou, China, as a case study. This approach combined drawing techniques with GIS data analysis. Drawing methods were utilized to identify points of interest for children aged 2-6. The qualitative and quantitative fuzzy analytic hierarchy process assessed factors influencing pathway planning, assigning appropriate weights. The weighted superposition analysis method constructed a comprehensive cost grid, considering various community elements. To streamline the planning process, a GIS tool was developed based on the identified factors, resulting in a practical, child-friendly pedestrian pathway network. Results indicate that this method efficiently creates child-friendly pathways, ensuring optimal connectivity within the planned road network.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic
Why do we still have Helicobacter Pylori in our Stomachs

Abadi AT, Ierardi E, Lee YY

Malays J Med Sci, 2015 Sep;22(5):70-75.
PMID: 28239271

The existence of any infectious agent in a highly acidic human stomach is contentious, but the chance finding of Helicobacter pylori is by no means an accident. Once H. pylori colonises the gastric mucosa, it can persist for a lifetime, and it is intriguing why our immune system is able to tolerate its existence. Some conditions favour the persistence of H. pylori in the stomach, but other conditions oppose the colonisation of this bacterium. Populations with high and extremely low prevalence of H. pylori provide useful insights on the clinical outcomes that are associated with this type of infection. Adverse clinical outcomes including peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer depend on a delicate balance between a harmless inflammation and a more severe kind of inflammation. Is the only good H. pylori really a dead H. pylori? The jury is still out.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents
Fulltext Developing a web-based advisory expert system for implementing traffic calming strategies

Falamarzi A, Borhan MN, Rahmat RA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:757981.
PMID: 25276861 DOI: 10.1155/2014/757981

Lack of traffic safety has become a serious issue in residential areas. In this paper, a web-based advisory expert system for the purpose of applying traffic calming strategies on residential streets is described because there currently lacks a structured framework for the implementation of such strategies. Developing an expert system can assist and advise engineers for dealing with traffic safety problems. This expert system is developed to fill the gap between the traffic safety experts and people who seek to employ traffic calming strategies including decision makers, engineers, and students. In order to build the expert system, examining sources related to traffic calming studies as well as interviewing with domain experts have been carried out. The system includes above 150 rules and 200 images for different types of measures. The system has three main functions including classifying traffic calming measures, prioritizing traffic calming strategies, and presenting solutions for different traffic safety problems. Verifying, validating processes, and comparing the system with similar works have shown that the system is consistent and acceptable for practical uses. Finally, some recommendations for improving the system are presented.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control*
New method for distance-based close following safety indicator

Sharizli AA, Rahizar R, Karim MR, Saifizul AA

Traffic Inj Prev, 2015;16(2):190-5.
PMID: 24827899 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2014.921913

The increase in the number of fatalities caused by road accidents involving heavy vehicles every year has raised the level of concern and awareness on road safety in developing countries like Malaysia. Changes in the vehicle dynamic characteristics such as gross vehicle weight, travel speed, and vehicle classification will affect a heavy vehicle's braking performance and its ability to stop safely in emergency situations. As such, the aim of this study is to establish a more realistic new distance-based safety indicator called the minimum safe distance gap (MSDG), which incorporates vehicle classification (VC), speed, and gross vehicle weight (GVW).

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control*
Safety system for child pillion riders of underbone motorcycles in Malaysia

Sivasankar S, Karmegam K, Bahri MT, Naeini HS, Kulanthayan S

Traffic Inj Prev, 2014;15(6):564-71.
PMID: 24484430 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2013.861596

Motorcycles are a common mode of transport for most Malaysians. Underbone motorcycles are one of the most common types of motorcycle used in Malaysia due to their affordable price and ease of use, especially in heavy traffic in the major cities. In Malaysia, it is common to see a young or child pillion rider clinging on to an adult at the front of the motorcycle. One of the main issues facing young pillion riders is that their safety is often not taken into account when they are riding on a motorcycle. This article reviews the legally available systems in child safety for underbone motorcycles in Malaysia while putting forth the need for a safety system for child pillion riders.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data
A comparative study of count models: application to pedestrian-vehicle crashes along Malaysia federal roads

Hosseinpour M, Pour MH, Prasetijo J, Yahaya AS, Ghadiri SM

Traffic Inj Prev, 2013;14(6):630-8.
PMID: 23859313 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2012.736649

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of various roadway characteristics on the incidence of pedestrian-vehicle crashes by developing a set of crash prediction models on 543 km of Malaysia federal roads over a 4-year time span between 2007 and 2010.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data*
Exploring the effects of roadway characteristics on the frequency and severity of head-on crashes: case studies from Malaysian federal roads

Hosseinpour M, Yahaya AS, Sadullah AF

Accid Anal Prev, 2014 Jan;62:209-22.
PMID: 24172088 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.001

Head-on crashes are among the most severe collision types and of great concern to road safety authorities. Therefore, it justifies more efforts to reduce both the frequency and severity of this collision type. To this end, it is necessary to first identify factors associating with the crash occurrence. This can be done by developing crash prediction models that relate crash outcomes to a set of contributing factors. This study intends to identify the factors affecting both the frequency and severity of head-on crashes that occurred on 448 segments of five federal roads in Malaysia. Data on road characteristics and crash history were collected on the study segments during a 4-year period between 2007 and 2010. The frequency of head-on crashes were fitted by developing and comparing seven count-data models including Poisson, standard negative binomial (NB), random-effect negative binomial, hurdle Poisson, hurdle negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial models. To model crash severity, a random-effect generalized ordered probit model (REGOPM) was used given a head-on crash had occurred. With respect to the crash frequency, the random-effect negative binomial (RENB) model was found to outperform the other models according to goodness of fit measures. Based on the results of the model, the variables horizontal curvature, terrain type, heavy-vehicle traffic, and access points were found to be positively related to the frequency of head-on crashes, while posted speed limit and shoulder width decreased the crash frequency. With regard to the crash severity, the results of REGOPM showed that horizontal curvature, paved shoulder width, terrain type, and side friction were associated with more severe crashes, whereas land use, access points, and presence of median reduced the probability of severe crashes. Based on the results of this study, some potential countermeasures were proposed to minimize the risk of head-on crashes.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Synthetic-type control charts for time-between-events monitoring

Yen FY, Chong KM, Ha LM

PLoS One, 2013;8(6):e65440.
PMID: 23755231 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065440

This paper proposes three synthetic-type control charts to monitor the mean time-between-events of a homogenous Poisson process. The first proposed chart combines an Erlang (cumulative time between events, Tr ) chart and a conforming run length (CRL) chart, denoted as Synth-Tr chart. The second proposed chart combines an exponential (or T) chart and a group conforming run length (GCRL) chart, denoted as GR-T chart. The third proposed chart combines an Erlang chart and a GCRL chart, denoted as GR-Tr chart. By using a Markov chain approach, the zero- and steady-state average number of observations to signal (ANOS) of the proposed charts are obtained, in order to evaluate the performance of the three charts. The optimal design of the proposed charts is shown in this paper. The proposed charts are superior to the existing T chart, Tr chart, and Synth-T chart. As compared to the EWMA-T chart, the GR-T chart performs better in detecting large shifts, in terms of the zero- and steady-state performances. The zero-state Synth-T4 and GR-Tr (r = 3 or 4) charts outperform the EWMA-T chart for all shifts, whereas the Synth-Tr (r = 2 or 3) and GR-T 2 charts perform better for moderate to large shifts. For the steady-state process, the Synth-Tr and GR-Tr charts are more efficient than the EWMA-T chart in detecting small to moderate shifts.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Occupational/statistics & numerical data
A game of Chinese whispers in Malaysia: contextual analysis of child road safety education

Puvanachandra P, Kulanthayan S, Hyder AA

Qual Health Res, 2012 Nov;22(11):1476-85.
PMID: 22910586 DOI: 10.1177/1049732312457245

In 2006, the Malaysian government began implementing road safety education (RSE) programs in primary schools, involving numerous stakeholders. We interviewed 19 stakeholders. Thematic analysis led to the identification of four themes: road traffic injuries (RTIs) among children in Malaysia, the role of RSE, factors affecting successful implementation, and intersectoral involvement. The latter was identified as a significant strength of the overall approach to implementation, and is one of the first examples in Malaysia and in the region of such an approach. Lack of official documentation surrounding ownership, funding responsibilities, and roles among the various sectors led to resistance from some groups. Although we know from scientific studies what works in terms of reducing RTIs, the more important question is how such interventions can be successfully and sustainably implemented, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). The results of this study permit stronger understanding of issues surrounding the implementation of RTI interventions in LMIC.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control*
Fulltext Characteristic differences in neuroimaging and physical findings between non-accidental and accidental traumatic brain injury in young children. A local experience in general hospital of Kuala Lumpur

Hafiz MZ, Saffari MH

Med J Malaysia, 2011 Jun;66(2):95-100.
PMID: 22106685 MyJurnal

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to identify the characteristic neuroimaging (namely brain CT) as well as physical findings found in young children with nonaccidental traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to compare them with accident cases of the similar age group, in order to study the specific features of the former group more precisely.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was done involving 92 children aged 3 years old and below who were admitted to the Kuala Lumpur Hospital with diagnosis of moderate to severe traumatic brain injury from period of June 2007 to September 2009. These children were categorized into non-accidental and accidental TBI and their physical examination data, brain computed tomography and skeletal surveys were done within one week from the date of admission were compared.
RESULTS: There was a male predominance in both non-accidental and accidental TBI groups with male-to-female ratio of 2:1 and 3:1 respectively. The majority of the non-accidental TBI cases presented with no definite history of trauma (52.2%) while most of the accidental TBI cases were caused by motor vehicle accidents (69.9%). Subdural haematomas appeared to be significantly the most common brain haematomas among the nonaccidental TBI as compared to the accidental group while extradural haematomas were only present in the accidental TBI group. Cerebral edema was also significantly more common in the non-accidental group. Signs of pre-existing brain injury, including cerebral atrophy and subdural hygroma/effusion were present in 23.9% and 19.6% respectively among children with non-accidental TBI and in none of the children with accidental TBI. None of the children in the non-accidental group diagnosed to have shear injury while 6 (13.0%) of the children in the accidental group was diagnosed with diffuse axonal injury. In our series, retinal haemorrhage was significantly more common in the non-accidental TBI group (93.5%) as opposed to only 4(8.7%) children noted to have retinal haemorrhage in the accidental group. Seizures also occurred significantly more often in children with non-accidental TBI. Depressed skull fractures were only found in the accidental TBI group (19.6%), while other types of skull fractures occur more or less similar in both groups. Bodily fractures were also more predominant among the accidental group of TBI. Bodily lacerations/abrasions were only found in the accidental group while findings of bodily bruises were quite equal in both groups.
KEY WORDS: Traumatic brain injury, Non-accidental head injury (NAI), Young children

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents*
Motorcyclist rear brake simple perception-response times in rear-end collision situations

Davoodi SR, Hamid H, Arintono S, Muniandy R, Faezi SF

Traffic Inj Prev, 2011 Apr;12(2):174-9.
PMID: 21469025 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2010.533314

The purpose of this study was to determine the baseline motorcycle riders' perception-response times (PRTs) in an expected object braking task and to determine the significant difference between PRTs of older and younger riders.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/statistics & numerical data*
Empirical analysis of gross vehicle weight and free flow speed and consideration on its relation with differential speed limit

Saifizul AA, Yamanaka H, Karim MR

Accid Anal Prev, 2011 May;43(3):1068-73.
PMID: 21376903 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.12.013

Most highly motorized countries in the world have implemented different speed limits for light weight and heavy weight vehicles. The heavy vehicle speed limit is usually chosen to be lower than that of passenger cars due to the difficulty for the drivers to safely maneuver the heavy vehicle at high speed and greater impact during a crash. However, in many cases, the speed limit for heavy vehicle is set by only considering the vehicle size or category, mostly due to simplicity in enforcement. In this study, traffic and vehicular data for all vehicle types were collected using a weigh-in-motion system installed at Federal Route 54 in Malaysia. The first finding from the data showed that the weight variation for each vehicle category is considerable. Therefore, the effect of gross vehicle weight (GVW) and category of heavy vehicle on free flow speed and their interaction were analyzed using statistical techniques. Empirical analysis results showed that statistically for each type of heavy vehicle, there was a significant relationship between free flow speed of a heavy vehicle and GVW. Specifically, the results suggest that the mean and variance of free flow speed decrease with an increase GVW by the amount unrelated to size and shape for all GVW range. Then, based on the 85th percentile principle, the study proposed a new concept for setting the speed limit for heavy vehicle by incorporating GVW where a different speed limit is imposed to the heavy vehicle, not only based on vehicle classification, but also according to its GVW.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control*

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