MyMedR

Fulltext Gender differences in socioeconomic returns to family migration in Malaysia: the role of family decision making versus labor market stratification

Chattopadhyay A

Gender Issues, 2000;18(2):29-47.

PMID: 12296212 DOI: 10.1007/s12147-000-0009-y

In this article the author examines gender differences in the effect of family migration on socioeconomic attainment in Malaysia. The analysis discerns the relative importance of gender roles in household migration decisions, compared to gender stratification in the labor market. The Malaysian economy has undergone rapid industrialization and great structural changes which have opened up new economic opportunities, particularly for women. Despite the somewhat advantaged position of women compared to men in the Malaysian labor market, the author finds that men experience much greater socioeconomic gains than women from family migration. Hence indicating that family migration decisions in Malaysia, rather than optimizing family gains, compensate for the gender effect in the labor market. However, the gains of Malaysian men are more assured when they move alone. Data for the study come from the second round of the Malaysian Family Life Survey.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors*

Knocking at the door: Asian immigration to Australia

Hugo G

Asian Pac Migr J, 1992;1(1):100-44.

PMID: 12317236

"This paper assesses the level and composition of contemporary Asian immigration to Australia and explores its processes and impacts. The final reversal of the White Australia Policy in the 1970s opened the door to substantial increases in Asian immigration, particularly from Vietnam, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, India and Hong Kong." Aspects considered include migrant categories, age, sex, and social and economic adaptation to Australia.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors*

Malaysian youth and their sexual health concerns

Pau V

Plan Parent Chall, 1995.

PMID: 12319372

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Education*

Gender, migration, and career trajectories in Malaysia

Chattopadhyay A

Demography, 1998 Aug;35(3):335-44.

PMID: 9749325

With data from the Malaysian Family Life Survey, I use a continuous-state hazards model to study the impact of migration on the dynamics of individuals' careers. I distinguish between the effects of family migration and solo migration by gender. The results show that migration alters the career trajectory primarily by accelerating the process of occupational mobility rather than by increasing the level of occupational attainment. Further, the effect of migration on careers varies by type of migration, especially for women. Male-female differences in the outcome of family migration, however, are visible only in transitions into and out of employment.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex*

[[Multihouseholdcompounds in a Malay village in Kelantan, 1971-1991]]

Tsubouchi Y

Tonan Ajia Kenkyu, 1993 Jun;31(1):3-17.

PMID: 12157851

The author describes changes in the size and characteristics of multiple-household compounds in Kelantan, Malaysia, during the period 1971-1991. It is found that "in Malay villages, multihouseholdcompounds were in earlier times...based on a bilateral residence rule in which one or more children, either male or female, would stay in the compound of their parents....A recent trend has been for more females to remain in the parental compound than males, reflecting the orientation toward independence among the males." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors*

Fulltext Sex preference for children in Thailand and some other South-East Asian countries

Wongboonsin K, Ruffolo VP

Asia Pac Popul J, 1995 Sep;10(3):43-62.

PMID: 12290694

Matched MeSH terms: Sex*

Unesco in Asia and the Pacific: 40 years on

UNESCO. Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific

Bull Unesco Reg Off Educ Asia Pac, 1986 Nov.

PMID: 12342774

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Education*

Malaysia [Population education in countries of the region]

Abu-bakar F

Bull Unesco Reg Off Educ Asia Pac, 1982 Jun.

PMID: 12265670

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Education*

Population education country programmes

UNESCO. Population Education Programme Service

Popul Educ Asia Pac Newsl Forum, 1980 Dec.

PMID: 12264112

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Education*

Malaysian population and family development

Nor Laily Aziz Binti Abu Bakar

Search Medford N J, 1981 Apr.

PMID: 12222508

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Education*

Fulltext Rapid early pregnancy sexing by chorionic villus biopsy and quinacrine staining

Lim CMP

Med J Malaysia, 1987 Mar;42(1):9-15.

PMID: 2448595

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Determination Analysis*

Effect of age, weight, race and sex on blood pressure and erythrocyte sodium pump characteristics

Adeeb N, Ton SH, Muslim N

Clin Exp Hypertens A, 1990;12(6):1115-34.

PMID: 2173984

In order to examine whether erythrocyte membrane handling of sodium is influenced by factors other than hypertension, measurements of red cell sodium transport were studied in one hundred normotensive volunteers. Erythrocyte sodium content was found to increase with increasing age, body weight and mean arterial pressure (MAP). It is also significantly correlated with age, body weight and MAP. Total sodium efflux was found to be reduced and negatively correlated with age and body weight. A reduction in ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux was also observed with increasing age and body weight. In males, the rate of ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux is higher than in females. Race was found to have no effect on erythrocyte electrolyte content and cationic flux rates of subjects. These data suggest that when studies in hypertension are going to be carried out, control subjects carefully matched for age, body weight and sex should be used if confounding results are not to be obtained.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics*

Fulltext Molecular sexing and preliminary assessment of population sex ratio of the endangered Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus) in Peninsular Malaysia

Lim QL, Tan YL, Ng WL, Yong CSY, Ismail A, Rovie-Ryan JJ, et al.

Sci Rep, 2020 03 04;10(1):3973.

PMID: 32132572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60552-y

A molecular sexing method by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a portion of the sex-determining region Y (SRY) and the zinc finger (ZF) gene, as well as six equine Y-chromosome-specific microsatellite markers, were tested in the Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus). While the microsatellite markers did not yield any male-specific amplicons for sex-typing, the SRY/ZF marker system produced reliable molecular sexing results by accurately sex-typing 31 reference Malayan tapirs, using whole blood, dried blood spot (DBS), or tissue samples as materials for DNA extraction. The marker system was also tested on 16 faecal samples, and the results were in general consistent with the pre-determined sexes of the animals, despite some amplification failures. A preliminary estimation of wild Malayan tapir population sex ratio was estimated from the Wildlife Genomic Resource Bank (WGRB) database of the Malaysian Department of Wildlife and National Parks (PERHILITAN), zoos, and the Sungai Dusun Wildlife Conservation Centre (WCC), as well as from the results of molecular sexing 12 samples of unknown sex. The overall sex ratio favoured females, but the deviation from parity was statistically not significant when tested using the binomial test (p > 0.05), which may be due to reduced statistical power caused by small sample sizes.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Ratio*

Treatment Barriers Associated with Amphetamine-Type Stimulant (ATS) Use in Malaysia

Singh D, Narayanan S, Shanmugam T, Vicknasingam B

J Psychoactive Drugs, 2021 Mar 22.

PMID: 33749541 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2021.1900627

People who use amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) are known to face barriers in seeking treatment. We sought to identify these barriers and gender differences in barriers (if any) faced by them. A convenience sample of 386 respondents who use ATS was recruited from five formal drug rehabilitation centers for this cross-sectional study. The majority were male (83%), with 17% being female. The barriers most frequently cited by both men and women were: the perception that ATS use needed no treatment, fears of community discrimination, peer influence, and long waiting time to get into a treatment programme. One-third of the sample held that the mandated treatment programmes were ineffective, based on past experience. In terms of male-female differences, long waiting time discouraged significantly more women than men, whereas more men than women asserted that formal treatment programmes were ineffective. We also found no significant differences in barriers faced by ATS users and those using ATS with other illicit substances. Outreach initiatives to minimize the impact of treatment barriers, coupled with offering separate treatment protocols and facilities, will encourage people who use ATS to seek treatment voluntarily.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics; Sex Factors

Molecular sex identification of painted storks (Mycteria leucocephala): using FTA cards, horizontal PAGE and quick silver staining

Yee EY, Zainuddin ZZ, Ismail A, Yap CK, Tan SG

J Genet, 2013 Apr;92(1):e15-8.

PMID: 23628715

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Determination Analysis*

Zingerone improves mating performance of Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae) through enhancement of male courtship activity and sexual signaling

Shamshir RA, Wee SL

J Insect Physiol, 2019 09 26;119:103949.

PMID: 31563620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103949

Certain male fruit flies from the genera Bactrocera and Zeugodacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) actively forage for floral semiochemicals produced by some endemic Bulbophyllum orchids found in tropical and subtropical forests. These floral semiochemicals are largely classified as either phenylbutanoids (e.g., raspberry ketone (RK)) or phenylpropanoids (e.g., methyl eugenol (ME)). Zingerone (ZN) is a phenylbutanoid recently found that structurally resembles ME and RK, both of which are phytochemicals commonly used as male attractants in fruit fly control programmes. It was previously shown that feeding on ME and RK increased the mating success of certain tephritid fruit flies, specifically in B. dorsalis and B. tryoni males, respectively, through enhancement of sexual signaling. However, ZN, which acts as a metabolic enhancer to increase male courtship activity in B. tryoni, did not show the same effect. As fruit fly-phytochemical lure interactions are unique and species-specific phenomena, this study seeks to elucidate the ecological significance of ZN feeding to Zeugodacus tau in terms of sexual signaling. We demonstrate here that ZN feeding by Z. tau males enhanced female attraction and subsequent mating success by increasing male courtship, and the attractiveness of the sexual signals in both wind tunnel and semi-field cage bioassays. In addition, we also demonstrated temporal effects on male behaviour in relation to the amount of lure intake. However, feeding on ZN did not appear to affect the total time spent in copula for Z. tau. This is the first report showing an important role of ZN in increasing courtship activity as well as enhancement of sexual signaling in Z. tau males.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Attractants/pharmacology

Fulltext Sun, sea and sex: a review of the sex tourism literature

Lu TS, Holmes A, Noone C, Flaherty GT

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines, 2020 Nov 27;6(1):24.

PMID: 33292661 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-020-00124-0

BACKGROUND: Sex tourism is defined as travel planned specifically for the purpose of sex, generally to a country where prostitution is legal. While much of the literature on sex tourism relates to the commercial sex worker industry, sex tourism also finds expression in non-transactional sexual encounters. This narrative review explores current concepts related to travel and sex, with a focus on trans-national sex tourism.

METHODS: The PubMed database was accessed to source relevant literature, using combinations of pertinent search terms. Only articles published in the English language were selected. Reference lists of published articles were also examined for relevant articles.

RESULTS: With regard to preferred destinations, South/Central America and the Caribbean were more likely to receive tourists looking for casual sex. Longer duration of travel, travelling alone or with friends, alcohol or drug use, being younger and being single were factors associated with higher levels of casual sex overseas. The majority of literature retrieved on sex workers focused on risk behaviours, sexually transmitted infections (STI), mobility of sex workers and how these factors affected their lives. Sex tourists require better access to effective methods of preventing HIV, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis, and better education on HIV prevention. Drugs and alcohol play a major role as risk factors for and cofactors in casual sexual behaviour while abroad.

CONCLUSIONS: Travellers need to be informed of the increased risks of STI before travel. They should be aware of the local prevalence of STIs and the risks associated with their sexual practices when they travel, including engaging with commercial sex workers, having unprotected sexual intercourse and becoming victims of sexual violence.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Offenses; Sex Workers

Identification of male-specific SNP markers and development of PCR-based genetic sex identification technique in crucifix crab (Charybdis feriatus) with implication of an XX/XY sex determination system

Fang S, Zhang Y, Shi X, Zheng H, Li S, Zhang Y, et al.

Genomics, 2020 01;112(1):404-411.

PMID: 30851358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.03.003

In this study, we first identified male-specific SNP markers using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, and further developed a PCR-based sex identification technique for Charybdis feriatus. A total of 296.96 million clean reads were obtained, with 114.95 and 182.01 million from females and males. After assembly and alignment, 10 SNP markers were identified being heterozygous in males but homozygous in females. Five markers were further confirmed to be male-specific in a large number of individuals. Moreover, two male-specific sense primers and a common antisense primer were designed, using which, a PCR-based genetic sex identification method was successfully developed and used to identify the sex of 103 individuals, with a result of 49 females and 54 males. The presence of male-specific SNP markers suggests an XX/XY sex determination system for C. feriatus. These findings should be helpful for better understanding sex determination mechanism, and drafting artificial breeding program in crustaceans.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Determination Analysis/methods*

Sexual selection maintains whole-body chiral dimorphism in snails

Schilthuizen M, Craze PG, Cabanban AS, Davison A, Stone J, Gittenberger E, et al.

J Evol Biol, 2007 Sep;20(5):1941-9.

PMID: 17714311

Although the vast majority of higher animals are fixed for one chiral morph or another, the cause for this directionality is known in only a few cases. In snails, for example, rare individuals of the opposite coil are unable to mate with individuals of normal coil, so directionality is maintained by frequency-dependent selection. The snail subgenus Amphidromus presents an unexplained exception, because dextral (D) and sinistral (S) individuals occur sympatrically in roughly equal proportions (so-called 'antisymmetry') in most species. Here we show that in Amphidromus there is sexual selection for dimorphism, rather than selection for monomorphism. We found that matings between D and S individuals occur more frequently than expected by chance. Anatomical investigations showed that the chirality of the spermatophore and the female reproductive tract probably allow a greater fecundity in such inter-chiral matings. Computer simulation confirms that under these circumstances, sustained dimorphism is the expected outcome.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Characteristics*

Transport of methyl eugenol-derived sex pheromonal components in the male fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis

Kah-Wei Hee A, Tan KH

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol, 2006 Aug;143(4):422-8.

PMID: 16750428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.04.009

Males of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) are attracted strongly to and feed compulsively on methyl eugenol (1,2-dimethoxy- 4 -(2-propenyl)benzene), a highly potent male attractant. Pharmacophagy of methyl eugenol results in the production of phenylpropanoids 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol and (E)-coniferyl alcohol that are sequestered and stored in the rectal gland prior to release as sex pheromonal components during mating at dusk. While these pheromonal components have also been detected in the hemolymph and crop of methyl eugenol-fed males, there is currently little information on the transport of these compounds from the crop to rectal gland in male B. dorsalis. Therefore, using physiological techniques such as parabiosis, rectal gland transplantation and hemolymph transfusion coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, we were able to ascertain and confirm the role of the hemolymph in the transport of these sex pheromonal components from the crop to the rectal gland. Further, the temporal profile of these methyl eugenol-derived bioactive compounds in the hemolymph also shows an increase with time post-methyl eugenol-feeding, i.e., 2-allyl-4,5-dimethoxyphenol attaining maximum amounts 15 min after ME consumption and decreasing thereafter, while for (E)-coniferyl alcohol-the increase and decrease are more gradual. These results further demonstrate the ability of insect hemolymph to transport many diverse forms of bioactive molecules including attractant-derived sex pheromonal components.

Matched MeSH terms: Sex Attractants/metabolism*

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