Localized sphenoethmoid sinusitis in children is a rare occurrence. It is usually overlooked because of the misconception that the sinuses are not developed. We describe a case of localized acute sphenoid and right posterior ethmoid sinusitis that presented as right frontobasal subdural empyema and multiple deep cerebral abscesses. Morbidity from subdural empyema in children is high. Early diagnosis and treatment based on recognition that the etiology might involve the paranasal sinuses affects the overall prognosis.
Acute sinusitis is most often a mild self-limiting disease. However, it may progress into severe and life threatening complications. One of the commonest being orbital complication of which visual loss is a direct consequence. In this 10 year retrospective study, the nature of orbital complication, clinical presentation and treatment modalities and outcome seen in children with acute sinusitis in a tertiary referral institute were reviewed. Of six patients, there was a case of preseptal cellulitis, 4 cases of subperiosteal abscess and one case of orbital abscess. Periorbital swelling was a common presenting feature. In 5 cases this was associated with proptosis with one case of impending optic nerve compression. The value of computed tomography and opthalmological examination as a component in the management plan is highlighted. All patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics but evidence of abscess collection warranted urgent surgical drainage in 5 patients, 3 being endoscopic drainage while external approach was done for the remaining 2 patients. Thus a child exhibiting orbital complication of acute sinusitis, prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential in obtaining the best outcome for the child.
Chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and rhinosinusitis are becoming increasingly prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region. The Asia-Pacific Burden of Respiratory Diseases (APBORD) study was a cross-sectional, observational study which examined the disease and economic burden of AR, asthma, COPD, and rhinosinusitis across Asia-Pacific using 1 standard protocol. Here we report symptoms, healthcare resource use (HCRU), work impairment, and associated cost in Taiwan.Consecutive participants aged ≥ 18 years presenting to a physician with symptoms meeting the diagnostic criteria for a primary diagnosis of asthma, AR, COPD, or rhinosinusitis were enrolled. Participants and their treating physician completed surveys detailing respiratory symptoms, HCRU, work productivity, and activity impairment. Costs including direct medical costs and indirect costs associated with lost work productivity were calculated.The study enrolled 1001 patients. AR was the most frequent primary diagnosis (31.2%). A quarter of patients presented with a combination of respiratory diseases, with AR and asthma being the most frequent combination (14.1%). Cough or coughing up phlegm was the primary reason for the medical visit for patients with asthma and COPD, whereas nasal symptoms (watery runny nose, blocked nose, and congestion) were the primary reasons for AR and rhinosinusitis. Specialists were the most frequently used healthcare resource by patients with AR (26.1%), asthma (26.4%), COPD (26.6%), and rhinosinusitis (47.3%). The mean annual cost per patient with a respiratory disease was US$4511 (SD 5395). The cost was almost double for employed patients (US$8047, SD 6175), with the majority attributable to lost productivity.Respiratory diseases have a significant impact on disease burden in Taiwan. Treatment strategies that prevent lost work productivity could greatly reduce the economic burden of these diseases.
Objective: Subperiosteal orbital abscesses (SPOAs) secondary to acute sinusitis are rare occurrences in the pediatric age group, more so in the neonatal period. Here, a rare case of SPOA in a 38-day-old newborn later drained via endoscopic sinus surgery is included also. This review describes the demographic data, clinical history, treatment, microbiology results, complications, and outcome.
Methods: The admission records for all the patients who were admitted to the Pediatric Surgical Ward in Sarawak General Hospital, Kuching, Malaysia, between January 2004 and May 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Records of patients who presented with preseptal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal abscess (extraconal), orbital abscess (intraconal), and cavernous sinus thrombosis were closely studied. Ophthalmology consultations were obtained in all these cases. Ultimately, 3 patients having SPOA secondary to acute sinusitis were selected for this review.
Results: All patients were male with rapid onset of periorbital signs, absence of purulent rhinorrhea, and presence of significant thrombocytosis (exceeding 500 × 109/L). The 38-day-old newborn had mixed infection of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteremia and local Acinetobacter eye infection with Staphylococcus aureus in the SPOA. All had medially located SPOA that was adequately drained via endoscopic sinus surgery, resulting in full recovery.
Conclusion: Newborns with preexisting risk factors and immature immunity are at risk of severe and rare infections. Contrast-enhanced paranasal sinus computed tomographic scan is mandatory and reliable to differentiate preseptal and postseptal orbital infection, as both conditions can present similarly and rapidly deteriorate. In the contrast-enhanced computed tomography–demonstrable SPOA, endoscopic sinus surgery drainage of the abscess proved to be safe and reliable as the main treatment modality. All patients recovered well without complications.
Sinusitis is a rare cause of optic neuritis in children. This case illustrates bilateral optic neuritis in a 9-year-old child caused by pansinusitis. It demands an accurate diagnosis with a prompt management. A proper treatment of sinusitis is essential to prevent this complication.
Background Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS) is linked with skewed T-helper 2 or immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic responses, with differing diagnosis, prognosis, and management to non-eCRS. Objective The association between biomarkers and eCRS was investigated to assess the predictors of eCRS. Methods A cross-sectional study of adult patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery was conducted. eCRS was defined by histopathological assessment showing >10 eosinophils/high-power field on sinus mucosal biopsy. Blood tests were performed preoperatively and assessed for a full blood count including eosinophils and a white cell count (WCC) as well as biochemical markers of inflammation and atopy including Immunoglobulin E (IgE), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and ImmunoCAP testing for serum-specific IgE. Comparisons between eCRS and non-eCRS patients were performed. Results 345 patients (48.1% female, age 48.72 ± 15.06 years) were recruited, with 206 (59.7%) identified as eCRS, 41% with asthma and 47% CRS with nasal polyps. eCRS patients were more likely to have asthma ( P 0.24 × 109/L), eosinophil ratio (>4.27% of total WCC), and lower ESR when compared with non-eCRS.