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Efficacy of Hypnosis Interventions: Fibromyalgia, Sleep, Oncology, Test Anxiety, and Beliefs

Elkins G

Int J Clin Exp Hypn, 2023;71(4):273-275.
PMID: 37708396 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2023.2243785

This issue of the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis addresses the efficacy and feasibility of hypnosis interventions for several medical problems and issues. The lead article provides a narrative review of the efficacy of hypnosis interventions for Fibromyalgia. This is followed by a feasibility study of self-administered hypnosis for sleep disturbances in college students and an article on self-hypnosis for self-care in oncology patients. The effect of self-hypnosis on test anxiety is added in a study of secondary school students in Malaysia. These articles are complemented by a survey about hypnosis among students, therapists, and the general public in Poland. These are impactful topics that are addressed from an international perspective. The feasibility and potential efficacy of hypnosis interventions for a range of medical concerns are addressed as well as the impact of beliefs and attitudes about clinical hypnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
THE USE OF HYPNOSIS AS AN ADJUNCT IN SURGERY

MUN CT

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Dec;19:154-60.
PMID: 14279240
Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*; Hypnosis, Anesthetic*
Hypnosis in clinical medicine

Patrick E

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Sep;18:25-9.
PMID: 14064293
Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
The treatment of asthma by hypnotherapy

Chong TM

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Jun;18:232-4.
PMID: 14199440
Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
CHILDBIRTH UNDER HYPNOSIS

CHONGTONG MUN

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Dec;18:83-6.
PMID: 14117285
Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
Effect of Self-Hypnosis on Test Anxiety among Secondary School Students in Malaysia

Pachaiappan S, Tee MY, Low WY

Int J Clin Exp Hypn, 2023;71(4):338-349.
PMID: 37611140 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2023.2246512

Test anxiety comprises cognitive, physiological, and behavioral reactions due to anxiety about failure or a lower academic performance score on an exam or evaluation. This study examined the effect of self-hypnosis on reducing test anxiety among upper secondary school students using a quantitative methodology with a pre-experimental design. The prevalence of test anxiety was measured using the Friedben Test Anxiety Scale (FTAS) and students' demographic data were collected. Twenty-two 16-year-old students with moderate to high test anxiety were selected for a self-hypnosis intervention over a period of 5 weeks. The FTAS questionnaire was administered 4 times: at baseline, 3rd week, 5th week, and at follow-up (3 weeks after the intervention). Students' test anxiety differences were statistically significant across 4 time points. Self-hypnosis intervention decreased students' overall test anxiety scores and in the 3 constructs: social, cognitive, and tenseness. The outcomes indicate that self-hypnosis training can help students cope with test anxiety and should be further explored for managing test anxiety in school settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
A Qualitative Exploration of Weight Loss Experiences through Hypnotherapy

Roslim NA, Ahmad A, Mansor M, Aung MMT, Hamzah F, Lua PL

Int J Clin Exp Hypn, 2023;71(3):235-249.
PMID: 37378644 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2023.2227237

Hypnotherapy has been gaining recognition as an alternative treatment for excess weight problems. This qualitative study aims to explore individuals' experiences of losing weight through hypnotherapy and their perceived barriers and facilitators for healthy lifestyle changes. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 participants (11 women and 4 men; mean age of 23 years) who recorded having lost ≥5% weight after undergoing 3 hypnotherapy sessions previously at a public university in Terengganu, Malaysia. Each interview was audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The themes that emerged were the usefulness of hypnotherapy, barriers, and facilitators of healthy lifestyle changes. All participants contended that hypnotherapy played a role in their weight-loss journey through increased mindful eating and enhanced motivation to make lifestyle modifications. Barriers to healthy lifestyle changes included high costs of healthy foods and lack of support for healthy food sources in social and family settings. Hypnotherapy is essential as an adjunct tool in assisting weight loss. However, additional efforts are needed to improve support in the weight management journey.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
SOME USES OF HYPNOSIS IN GYNECOLOGY

MUN CT

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Jun;18:223-5.
PMID: 14199437
Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
The feasibility and acceptability of hypnotherapy among overweight and obese individuals in a Malaysia's public university

Roslim NA, Ahmad A, Mansor M, Aung MMT, Hamzah F, Lua PL

J Complement Integr Med, 2021 Apr 02;18(3):561-568.
PMID: 33794082 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0177

OBJECTIVES: The global epidemic of overweight and obesity presents a major challenge in the health status of the society. Their prevalence is at an alarming rate worldwide due to poor compliance with conventional treatment and high rates of relapse, thus increasing demand for an effective and safe alternative approach such as hypnotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of hypnotherapy for weight loss and to compare these among selected socio-demographics.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 30 students and staff of a public university in Terengganu, Malaysia using convenience sampling. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 23.0.
RESULTS: Among the respondents (age = 26.17 ± 8.23 years; female = 66.7%; students = 63.3%), 40.0% were overweight and 60.0% were obese. Results indicated excellent feasibility as determined by participants' satisfaction towards the clarity of hypnotherapist's voice (93.3%), the suitability of content (86.7%) and time spent for the session (90.0%). Good overall acceptability (>60.0%) was also reported regarding hypnotherapist professionalism, the environment and perceived usefulness of hypnotherapy. Obese individuals were significantly more satisfied towards the hypnotherapist environment than overweight respondents (p=0.015). Additionally, no adverse effects were reported after the intervention.
CONCLUSIONS: This evidence signalled that hypnotherapy is a promising alternative tool in assisting overweight and obese individuals to lose weight. Extensive research is needed to substantiate its role in weight management programs for its full benefits.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
Fulltext Systematic Review on Management of Conversion Disorder

Aamir, Siddiqua

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;18(2):1-7.
MyJurnal

The aim of review was to find the recent evidence for the management of conversion disorder. The study was conducted at the Psychiatry Unit of Govt. Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. A systematic literature search was done using Medline and Extra Medline. A total of 10 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In the literature reviewed hypnosis and self hypnosis, psychoanalytical intervention, behavioral intervention, paradoxical intervention, treatment by strong suggestion and trans-cranial magnetic stimulation were the treatments used by the clinicians for the management of conversion disorder. Conclusion: The literature review did not give details concerning the treatment used for conversion disorders adequately. Behavioral interventions were in general found to be more successful treatment course for the management of conversion disorders.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis
Fulltext Role of Hypnosis in Dental Treatment: A Narrative Review

Venkiteswaran A, Tandon S

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent, 2021 04 15;11(2):115-124.
PMID: 34036071 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_320_20

Aim: This narrative aims to outline the use of hypnosis in managing dental anxiety in during dental treatment. The PICO used to answer the objectives are (P) dental patients, (I) hypnosis, (C) conventional behaviour management techniques & (O) reduced pain/anxiety.
Materials and Methods: An electronic search of three databases; PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost was conducted using the keywords "hypnosis or hypnotherapy" AND "dentistry or dental" between the year 2000 and 2020. A total of 19 studies were selected based on eligibility. Data extracted were study subject, design of study, parameters used to assess, type of hypnosis script used and the study outcome.
Results: The studies show that hypnosis is effective in pain management and dental anxiety. It can also be used for improving compliance in patients who are wearing orthodontic appliances (Trakyali et al, 2008) and reducing salivary flow during dental treatment (Satlz et al, 2014).
Conclusion: Hypnosis has the potential to be a useful tool in the management of children and adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis
Impact of Hypnosis Intervention in Alleviating Psychological and Physical Symptoms During Pregnancy

Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J

Am J Clin Hypn, 2016 Apr;58(4):368-82.
PMID: 27003486 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2015.1063476

Physical symptoms (e.g., vomiting) and psychological symptoms (stress, anxiety, and depression) during pregnancy are common. Various strategies such as hypnosis are available to reduce these symptoms. The objective of the authors in this study is to investigate the impact of a hypnosis intervention in reducing physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy. A pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design was employed in this study. The hypnosis intervention was given to the experimental group participants at weeks 16 (baseline), 20 (time point 1), 28 (time point 2), and 36 (time point 3) of their pregnancy. Participants in the control group received only the traditional antenatal care. Participants from both groups completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and a Pregnancy Symptoms Checklist at weeks 16, 20, 28 and 36 of pregnancy. Results indicated that stress and anxiety symptoms were significantly reduced for the experimental group, but not for the control group. Although mean differences for the depressive symptoms were not significant, the experimental group had lower symptoms at time point 3. The physical symptoms' results showed significant group differences at time point 3, indicating a reduction in the experience of physical symptoms for the experimental group participants. Our study showed that hypnosis intervention during pregnancy aided in reducing physical and psychological symptoms during pregnancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis/methods*
Successful Treatment of Ptyalism Gravidarum With Concomitant Hyperemesis Using Hypnosis

Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J

Am J Clin Hypn, 2015 Oct;58(2):215-23.
PMID: 26264544 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2015.1013186

Ptyalism gravidarum, or sialorrhea, is the excessive secretion of saliva during pregnancy. Treatment of ptyalism gravidarum is often challenging due to its unknown etiologies. This article discusses a case of ptyalism gravidarum with concomitant hyperemesis in which the condition was successfully treated with hypnosis. A 28-year-old woman presented with ptyalism 2 months into her pregnancy and hyperemesis 3 months into pregnancy with associated vomiting that occurred following every meal. Hypnosis was administered at week 16 of pregnancy to eliminate ptyalism and hyperemesis, to prepare for childbirth, and to increase overall psychological well-being. Ptyalism resolved by week 36, concurrent with the final hypnosis session.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis/methods*
The Effectiveness of Hypnosis Intervention in Alleviating Postpartum Psychological Symptoms

Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J

Am J Clin Hypn, 2019 Apr;61(4):409-425.
PMID: 31017553 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2018.1538870

Psychological symptoms, particularly postpartum depression, may impair women's well-being after childbirth. Mind-body treatments such as hypnosis are available to help prepare women to maintain or improve their well-being postpartum. The aims of the present study are to determine the effectiveness of a hypnosis intervention in alleviating psychological symptoms (stress, anxiety, and depression) and the symptoms of postpartum depression. A quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study. The experimental group participants (n = 28) received a hypnosis intervention at weeks 16, 20, 28, and 36 of their pregnancies. Participants in the control group (n = 28) received routine prenatal care. The final data collection, occurring at two months postpartum, included 16 women from the experimental group and 11 women from the control group. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) was used to measure psychological symptoms, and postpartum depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The results at two months postpartum showed that the experimental group had significantly lower postpartum anxiety than the control group (M = 2.88 versus M = 38.36, p = .023). Similarly, the experimental group had significantly lower postpartum depressive symptoms than the control group (M = 1.25 versus M = 6.73, p

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis/methods*
Hypnotherapy for overweight and obese patients: A narrative review

Roslim NA, Ahmad A, Mansor M, Aung MMT, Hamzah F, Hassan H, et al.

J Integr Med, 2021 Jan;19(1):1-5.
PMID: 33162374 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.10.006

Obesity and overweight problems are serious global health issues today and despite many efforts, the prevalence has continued to rise for decades. Interestingly, hypnotherapy has been gaining recognition as an effective treatment for obesity and overweight problems. This review compiles contemporary scientific research on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for weight reduction. Scopus, PubMed and EBSCO Host databases were applied in the study. The search identified 119 articles, of which seven met the inclusion criteria. A total of 539 respondents (82.7% women and 17.3% men) between the ages of 17 and 67 years were represented in the seven studies. Most studies incorporated lifestyle changes, such as changes of dietary habit and behavioral recommendations in the hypnotic procedure. Their results suggested that the use of hypnotherapy not only promoted weight reduction during the treatment period but also after treatment cessation, and in some cases, one to ten kilograms were lost during follow-up periods. In addition, one study even showed increased physical activity among the hypnotised individuals. This use of hypnotherapy also improved respondents' eating behavior and quality of life. However, a definitive conclusion could not be drawn due to several methodological flaws and the limited number of published studies in this area. Therefore, further well-designed studies are needed to substantiate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for this modern-day health problem.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
Hypnosis in general medical practice in Singapore

MUN CT

Am J Clin Hypn, 1964 Apr;6:340-4.
PMID: 14136309
Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
Fulltext Combined therapy using acupressure therapy, hypnotherapy, and transcendental meditation versus placebo in type 2 diabetes

Bay R, Bay F

J Acupunct Meridian Stud, 2011 Sep;4(3):183-6.
PMID: 21981869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2011.09.006

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most widespread diseases in the world. The main aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of combined therapy using acupressure therapy, hypnotherapy, and transcendental meditation (TM) on the blood sugar (BS) level in comparison with placebo in type 2 diabetic patients. We used "convenience sampling" for selection of patients with type 2 diabetes; 20 patients were recruited. For collection of data, we used an identical quasi-experimental design called "nonequivalent control group." Therapy sessions each lasting 60-90 min were carried out on 10 successive days. We prescribed 2 capsules (containing 3g of wheat flour each) for each member of the placebo group (one for evening and one for morning). Pre-tests, post-tests, and follow-up tests were conducted in a medical laboratory recognized by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran. Mean BS level in the post-tests and follow-up tests for the experimental group was reduced significantly in comparison with the pre-tests whereas in the placebo group no changes were observed. Combined therapy including acupressure therapy, hypnotherapy, and TM reduced BS of type 2 diabetic patients and was more effective than placebo therapy on this parameter.
Study site: Diabetes clinics, Gorgan Panjomeazar Policlinic, Iran

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis*
The Effectiveness of Hypnosis Intervention for Labor: An Experimental Study

Beevi Z, Low WY, Hassan J

Am J Clin Hypn, 2017 Oct;60(2):172-191.
PMID: 28891771 DOI: 10.1080/00029157.2017.1280659

Hypnosis has been shown to help pregnant women experience improved labor and postpartum periods. The present study compares the differences between experimental (n = 23) and control groups (n = 22) on specific variables measured both during labor and 24 hr postpartum. The participants in the experimental group received the hypnosis intervention at weeks 16, 20, 28, and 36 of pregnancy, while those in the control group received only routine antenatal care. The data collected at the labor stage describe the length of the labor stage, pain relief used during labor, the method of delivery, and the type of assisted vaginal delivery. Within 24 hr of delivery, data on neonatal birth weight, neonatal Apgar scores, and self-reported pain were obtained. The labor stage results showed no significant differences in the length of the second and third stages of labor. Although the participants in the experimental group reported higher pain levels immediately prior to, during, and immediately after delivery, their use of pethidine during labor was significantly lower than the control group participants. None of the experimental group participants opted for an epidural, and they had a greater number of assisted vaginal deliveries than the control group participants. The 24 hr postpartum results showed that the neonates of the experimental group participants had nonsignificantly higher Apgar scores than those of the women in the control group. Group differences in neonatal weight were not significant. The results of the present study indicate that hypnosis is useful for assisting pregnant women during labor and the postpartum period.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis/methods*
Fulltext Brief acute psychosis following hysterectomy in ethnopsychiatric context

Tsoh JM, Leung HC, Ungvari GS, Lee DT

Singapore Med J, 2000 Jul;41(7):359-62.
PMID: 11026805

The psychiatric morbidity following hysterectomy has received increasing attention. One of the sequelae of hysterectomy has been a brief, acute psychosis with excellent outcome, the etiology and pathomechanism of which is still unclear. Two Chinese patients born of Southeast Asian origin who manifested brief, acute psychosis following hysterectomy are presented. Therapy comprised drug treatment with low dose antipsychotics and benzodiazepines coupled with hypnosis and marital therapy to explore and treat the underlying pathology. Both psychotic states resolved. Follow-up at 12 months revealed stable mental condition in one subject; however, the second patient was lost to follow up. The impact of the womb's removal is explored in the context of the ethnicity of the patients and their sociocultural background.

Matched MeSH terms: Hypnosis

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