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  1. Effect of short-chain alcohols on the physicochemical properties of d-phenothrin emulsions and their insecticidal activity against Aedes aegypti
    Mohsin SMN, Hasan ZAA
    Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces, 2023 Jan;221:113025.
    PMID: 36403417 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.113025
    Oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion is utilized as an insecticide delivery system for mosquito control. However, evaporation inhibition adjuvant is needed to prevent fog drift, inhibit release of insecticidal actives and prolong suspension time. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of different short-chain alcohols, namely, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol and crude glycerol, as adjuvants on the physicochemical properties of d-phenothrin o/w emulsion system. The bioactivity of optimized formulations containing 20 wt% glycerol (D1), 20 wt% propylene glycol (D2) and without added alcohol (negative control) were tested against larvae, pupae and adult Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti). It was found that propylene glycol produced smaller droplets at lower concentrations but poor long-term stability at higher concentrations, whereas glycerol had an appreciable effect on initial droplet size and stability with increasing concentration. According to the dose-response bioassays and room size chamber testing, the highest larvicidal, pupicidal and adulticidal activities were observed with D2, followed by D1 and negative control. Overall, the above study demonstrated improved emulsion stabilities and potency against Ae. aegypti larvae, pupae and adults using glycerol as adjuvant for effective mosquito control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  2. Fulltext Stabilizing effect of various polyols on the native and the denatured states of glucoamylase
    Zaroog MS, Abdul Kadir H, Tayyab S
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2013;2013:570859.
    PMID: 24163624 DOI: 10.1155/2013/570859
    Different spectral probes were employed to study the stabilizing effect of various polyols, such as, ethylene glycol (EG), glycerol (GLY), glucose (GLC) and trehalose (TRE) on the native (N), the acid-denatured (AD) and the thermal-denatured (TD) states of Aspergillus niger glucoamylase (GA). Polyols induced both secondary and tertiary structural changes in the AD state of enzyme as reflected from altered circular dichroism (CD), tryptophan (Trp), and 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonic acid (ANS) fluorescence characteristics. Thermodynamic analysis of the thermal denaturation curve of native GA suggested significant increase in enzyme stability in the presence of GLC, TRE, and GLY (in decreasing order) while EG destabilized it. Furthermore, CD and fluorescence characteristics of the TD state at 71°C in the presence of polyols showed greater effectiveness of both GLC and TRE in inducing native-like secondary and tertiary structures compared to GLY and EG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  3. Scanning electron microscopic assessment on surface morphology of preserved human amniotic membrane after gamma sterilisation
    Ab Hamid SS, Zahari NK, Yusof N, Hassan A
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2014 Mar;15(1):15-24.
    PMID: 23187886 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9353-x
    Human amniotic membrane that has been processed and sterilised by gamma irradiation is widely used as a biological dressing in surgical applications. The morphological structure of human amniotic membrane was studied under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess effects of gamma radiation on human amniotic membrane following different preservation methods. The amniotic membrane was preserved by either air drying or submerged in glycerol before gamma irradiated at 15, 25 and 35 kGy. Fresh human amniotic membrane, neither preserved nor irradiated was used as the control. The surface morphology of glycerol preserved amnion was found comparable to the fresh amniotic membrane. The cells of the glycerol preserved was beautifully arranged, homogonous in size and tended to round up. The cell structure in the air dried preserved amnion seemed to be flattened and dehydrated. The effects of dehydration on intercellular channels and the microvilli on the cell surface were clearly seen at higher magnifications (10,000×). SEM revealed that the changes of the cell morphology of the glycerol preserved amnion were visible at 35 kGy while the air dried already changed at 25 kGy. Glycerol preservation method is recommended for human amniotic membrane as the cell morphological structure is maintained and radiation doses lower than 25 kGy for sterilization did not affect the appearance of the preserved amnion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  4. Cryopreservation of Citrus madurensis zygotic embryonic axes by vitrification: importance of pregrowth and preculture conditions
    Cho EG, Hor YL, Kim HH, Rao VR, Engelmann F
    Cryo Letters, 2001 Nov-Dec;22(6):391-6.
    PMID: 11788881
    The role of pregrowth and preculture treatments in terms of both medium composition and exposure duration on survival of embryonic axes of Citrus madurensis after cryopreservation using the vitrification procedure was investigated. The optimal pregrowth treatment for excised embryonic axes was a 3-day treatment with 0.1M sucrose. Preculture was also essential in increasing survival after cryopreservation. Among the various media and treatment durations evaluated, a 24h-preculture of embryonic axes on medium with 0.3M sucrose and 0.5M glycerol was found to be optimal. Using these pregrowth and preculture conditions followed by treatment at 25 degrees C for 20 min each with a loading solution (0.4M sucrose + 2.0M glycerol) and then the PVS2 vitrification solution, direct immersion in liquid nitrogen, rapid rewarming, unloading in a 1.2M sucrose solution for 20 min and transfer of embryonic axes on recovery medium, 82.5% survival and regrowth without intermediary callus formation were obtained with C. madurensis embryonic axes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  5. Development of a PVS2 droplet-vitrification cryopreservation technique for Aranda Broga Blue orchid protocorm-like bodies (PLBs)
    Ping KS, Poobathy RR, Zakaria R, Subramaniam S
    Cryo Letters, 2018 5 8;38(4):290-298.
    PMID: 29734430
    　　BACKGROUND: Conservation of commercially important ornamental plants is important to maintain its unique beauty to cater the market demands.

    OBJECTIVE: The main objective is to develop an efficient cryopreservation technique for Aranda Broga Blue orchid PLBs using droplet-vitrification method.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Several critical factors in cryopreservation were accessed such as preculture concentrations and durations, choice of vitrification solutions, two-step or three-step vitrification, growth recovery medium and PVS2 exposure duration.

    RESULTS: The best growth regeneration percentage (5%) was obtained when 3-4mm PLBs were precultured in 0.2M sucrose for 3 days, followed by osmoprotection for 20 minutes, dehydration in PVS2 for 20 minutes at 0 degree C, LN storage, thawed and unloading for 20 minutes, and growth regeneration in VW10 medium. PLBs were found to be very sensitive to osmotic stress imposed by high molecular weight cryoprotectant such as sucrose and glycerol. Osmotic potential of growth recovery medium is one of the main factors that affect growth recovery in cryopreserved PLBs.

    CONCLUSION: Current report showed possibilities in cryopreserving Aranda Broga Blue PLBs using droplet-vitrification technique. However, further improvement of growth recovery can be done by focussing on approaches that facilitate sufficient water removal from PLBs without causing severe osmotic injuries to the plant cells.

    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  6. Fulltext Histological and mechanical evaluation of antifreeze peptide (Afp1m) cryopreserved skin grafts post transplantation in a rat model
    Ibrahim SM, Kareem OH, Saffanah KM, Adamu AA, Khan MS, Rahman MBA, et al.
    Cryobiology, 2018 06;82:27-36.
    PMID: 29679551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.04.012
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of Afp1m as a cryopreservative agent for skin by examining the transplanted skin histological architecture and mechanical properties following subzero cryopreservation. Thirty four (34) rats with an average weight of 208 ± 31 g (mean ± SD), were used. Twenty four (n = 24) rats were equally divided into four groups: (i) immediate non-cryopreserved skin autografts (onto same site), (ii) immediate non-cryopreserved skin autografts (onto different sites), (iii) skin autografts cryopreserved with glycerol for 72 h and (iv) skin autografts cryopreserved with Afp1m for 72 h at -4 °C. Rounded shaped full-thickness 1.5-2.5 cm in diameter skin was excised from backs of rats for the autograft transplantation. Non-cryopreserved or cryopreserved auto skin graft were positioned onto the wound defects and stitched. Non-transplanted cryopreserved and non-cryopreserved skin strips from other ten rats (n = 10) were allowed for comparative biomechanical test. All skin grafts were subjected to histological and mechanical examinations at the end of day 21. Histological results revealed that tissue architecture especially the epidermal integrity and dermal-epidermal junction of the Afp1m cryopreserved skin grafts exhibited better histological appearance, good preservation of tissue architecture and structural integrity than glycerolized skin. However, there was no significant difference among these groups in other histological criteria. There were no significant differences among the 4 groups in skin graft mechanical properties namely maximum load. In conclusion, Afp1m were found to be able to preserve the microstructure as well as the viability and function of the skin destined for skin transplantation when was kept at -4 °C for 72 h.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology*
  7. Effect of type and concentration of cryoprotectant on the motility, viability, and fertility of climbing perch Anabas testudineus Bloch, 1792 (Pisces: Anabantidae) sperm
    Maulida S, Eriani K, Fadli N, Kocabaş FK, Siti-Azizah MN, Wilkes M, et al.
    Theriogenology, 2023 Apr 15;201:24-29.
    PMID: 36822040 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.014
    The climbing perch, Anabas testudineus is a freshwater fish that has economic value in Indonesia. It is cultured in the country, but the breeding technology, specifically sperm storage, is not well developed. Sperm cryopreservation is one of the preservation methods that need to be developed to support fish breeding technology. The type of cryoprotectants and its concentration are species-dependent and determines the success of this approach. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining the optimal type and concentration of cryoprotectant for sperm cryopreservation of A. testudineus. Four separate study series were performed, each of which evaluated one type of cryoprotectant at five concentration levels. The cryoprotectants used were DMSO, methanol, glycerol, and ethanol, and the tested concentrations were 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%, which were combined with 5% egg yolks. Each treatment was conducted with three replications. The results showed that the type of cryoprotectant and its concentration significantly affected sperm motility, viability, and fertility of climbing perch (P glycerol at 5%, and ethanol at 15%. However, the highest motility, viability, and fertility values were observed at 10% DMSO, indicating it is the best type and concentration for sperm cryopreservation of climbing perch A. testudineus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  8. Applicability evaluation of Deep Eutectic Solvents-Cellulase system for lignocellulose hydrolysis
    Gunny AA, Arbain D, Nashef EM, Jamal P
    Bioresour Technol, 2015 Apr;181:297-302.
    PMID: 25661309 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.057
    Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have recently emerged as a new generation of ionic liquids for lignocellulose pretreatment. However, DESs contain salt components which tend to inactivate cellulase in the subsequent saccharification process. To alleviate this problem, it is necessary to evaluate the applicability of the DESs-Cellulase system. This was accomplished in the present study by first studying the stability of cellulase in the presence of selected DESs followed by applicability evaluation based on glucose production, energy consumption and kinetic performance. Results showed that the cellulase was able to retain more than 90% of its original activity in the presence of 10% (v/v) for glycerol based DES (GLY) and ethylene glycol based DES (EG). Furthermore, both DESs system exhibited higher glucose percentage enhancement and lower energy consumption as compared to diluted alkali system. Among the two DESs studied, EG showed comparatively better kinetic performance.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  9. Cryopreservation of Garcinia cowa shoot tips by vitrification: the effects of sucrose preculture and loading treatment on ultrastructural changes in meristematic cells
    Yap LV, Noor NM, Clyde MM, Chin HF
    Cryo Letters, 2011 May-Jun;32(3):188-96.
    PMID: 21766148
    The effects of sucrose preculture duration and loading treatment on tolerance of Garcinia cowa shoot tips to cryopreservation using the PVS2 vitrification solution were investigated. Ultrastructural changes in meristematic cells at the end of the preculture and loading steps were followed in an attempt to understand the effects of these treatments on structural changes in cell membranes and organelles. Increasing preculture duration on 0.3 M sucrose medium from 0 to 3 days enhanced tolerance to PVS2 solution from 5.6 percent (no preculture) to 49.2 percent (3-day preculture). However, no survival was observed after cryopreservation. Examination of meristematic cells by transmission electron microscopy revealed the progressive accumulation of an electron-dense substance in line with increasing exposure durations to 0.3 M sucrose preculture. Treatment with a loading solution (2 M glycerol + 0.4 M sucrose) decreased tolerance of shoot tips to PVS2 vitrification solution and had a deleterious effect on the ultrastructure of G. cowa meristematic cells. This study suggests that G. cowa meristematic cells may lose their structural integrity due to exposure to glycerol present in the loading solution at a 2 M concentration, either due to its high osmotic potential, or due to its cytotoxicity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  10. Effect of preservation methods on the performance of bovine pericardium graft in a rat model
    Zuki AB, Hafeez YM, Loqman MY, Noordin MM, Norimah Y
    Anat Histol Embryol, 2007 Oct;36(5):349-56.
    PMID: 17845224
    This study investigates the effect of preservation methods on the performance of bovine parietal pericardium grafts in a rat model. Mid-ventral full thickness abdominal wall defects of 3 x 2.5 cm in size were created in 90 male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-400 g), which were divided into three groups of 30 rats each. The abdominal defects of group one and two were repaired with lyophilized and glycerolized bovine pericardium grafts, while the defects of group three were repaired with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) Mycro Mesh as a positive control. Another group of 30 rats underwent sham operation and was used for comparison as negative control. Each group of rats (n = 30) was divided into five subgroups (n = 6) and killed at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 18 weeks post-surgery for gross and morphological evaluations. The rats tolerated the surgical procedure well with a total mortality of 0.05%. No serious post-operative clinical complications or signs of rejection were encountered. Adhesions between the grafts and the underlying visceral organs observed in the study were mostly results of post-surgical complications. Glycerol preservation delayed degradation and replacement of the grafts, whereas lyophilization caused early resorption and replacement of the grafts. The glycerolized grafts were replaced with thick dense fibrous tissue, and the lyophilized grafts were replaced with thin loose fibrous tissue. The healing characteristic of the bovine pericardium grafts was similar to those of the sham-operated group, and quite different from those of the ePTFE Mycro Mesh. The outcome of the present study confirmed the superiority of glycerolized bovine pericardium grafts over its lyophilized counter part.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  11. Effect of gamma radiation on the expression of mRNA growth factors in glycerol cryopreserved human amniotic membrane
    Yatim RM, Kannan TP, Ab Hamid SS
    Cell Tissue Bank, 2016 Dec;17(4):643-651.
    PMID: 27535136
    Human amniotic membrane (HAM) due to its high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, anti-microbial, anti-viral properties as well as the presence of growth factors has been used in various clinical applications. The growth factors play an important role in wound healing. The current study aimed to explore the effect of 15 kGy gamma radiation dose on selected growth factors and receptors mRNA present in HAM. Eight growth factors, namely, EGF, HGF, KGF, TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and bFGF and two growth factor receptors, HGFR and KGFR were evaluated in this study. The total RNA was extracted and converted to complimentary DNA using commercial kits. Subsequently, the mRNA expressions of these growth factors were evaluated using real-time PCR and the results were statistically analyzed using REST-MCS software. This study confirmed the presence of these mRNA growth factors and receptors in fresh, glycerol cryopreserved and irradiated glycerol cryopreserved HAM. In glycerol cryopreserved HAM, the results showed up-regulation of HGF and bFGF and down-regulation of EGF, HGFR, KGF, KGFR, TGF-α, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 relative to the fresh HAM which acted as the control, whereas in irradiated glycerol cryopreserved HAM, the results showed up-regulation of EGF, HGF, KGF, KGFR, TGF-β1, TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 and down-regulation of HGFR, TGF-α and bFGF relative to the glycerol cryopreserved HAM which acted as the control. However, these mRNA expressions did not show any statistical significant difference compared to the control groups. This study concluded that a dose of 15 kGy of gamma radiation did not affect the mRNA expression for the growth factors' and receptors' in the glycerol cryopreserved HAM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology
  12. The use of glycerol-preserved skin allograft in conjunction with reconstructive and flap surgery: seven years of experience
    Saad AZ, Halim AS, Khoo TL
    J Reconstr Microsurg, 2011 Feb;27(2):103-8.
    PMID: 20976667 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1268208
    Major reconstructive surgery may be extensive and prolonged, and it may cause edema and compromise the flap pedicle if closed under tension. Glycerol-preserved skin allograft (GPA) can provide a means for tension-free closure and temporary cover of the wound. Seven years of analysis on GPA used in conjunction with major reconstruction was undertaken to highlight its indications, results, and outcomes. Forty-seven patients were included, aged between 9 and 73 years. Majority of patients had reconstruction following tumor resection and trauma. The main indication for use of GPA was temporary, loose cover of the wound in 44% of cases; flap pedicle protection in 31% of cases; donor site wound cover in 10%; flap monitoring in one case; and management of flap-related complications in 6% of cases. Free flap reconstruction was performed in 72% of cases. In conclusion, GPA is a useful adjunct in reconstructive surgery. It can be used temporarily to allow tension-free wound closure, as well as to protect the flap pedicle until edema subsides and the pedicle becomes stable. This latter approach allows secondary wound closure and good esthetic outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology*
  13. Antibacterial activity and mechanical properties of partially hydrolyzed sago starch-alginate edible film containing lemongrass oil
    Maizura M, Fazilah A, Norziah MH, Karim AA
    J Food Sci, 2007 Aug;72(6):C324-30.
    PMID: 17995673
    Edible films were prepared from a mixture of partially hydrolyzed sago starch and alginate (SA). Lemongrass oil (0.1% to 0.4%, v/w) and glycerol (0% and 20%, w/w) were incorporated in the films to act as natural antimicrobial agent and plasticizer, respectively. The films were characterized for antimicrobial activity, water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), percent elongation at break (%E), and water solubility (WS). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was conducted to determine functional group interactions between the matrix and lemongrass oil. The zone of inhibition was increased significantly (P < 0.05) by addition of lemongrass oil at all levels in the presence and the absence of glycerol. This indicates that the film containing lemongrass oil was effective against Escherichia coli O157:H7 at all levels. In the absence of glycerol, the tensile strength of film decreased as the oil content increased, but there was no significant (P > 0.05) difference in percent elongation. The percent elongation at break and WVP values for film with 20% glycerol was found to be increased significantly (P < 0.05) with an increase in lemongrass oil content. Addition of lemongrass oil did not have any interaction with the functional groups of films as measured by FTIR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Glycerol/pharmacology*
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