MyMedR

Displaying all 5 publications

Abstract:

Sort:

Neuroendoscopy for post-infective hydrocephalus in children

Deopujari CE, Padayachy L, Azmi A, Figaji A, Samantray SK

Childs Nerv Syst, 2018 10;34(10):1905-1914.
PMID: 30099619 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-018-3901-z

The treatment of hydrocephalus has changed in recent years with better imaging and introduction of endoscopic procedures as well as enhanced shunts. Indications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) are now more refined with better quantification of outcome. This article reviews the current state of neuroendoscopy for infective hydrocephalus in children. The roles of third ventriculostomy as a primary procedure or after shunt malfunction, endoscopic interventions in multiloculated hydrocephalus and introduction of intraventricular lavage to salvage severely infected children are evaluated.

Matched MeSH terms: Infectious Encephalitis/complications
Relapsing encephalopathy with dancing eyes and jerky limbs

Mohd Fauzi NA, Abdullah S, Tan AH, Mohd Ramli N, Tan CY, Lim SY

Parkinsonism Relat Disord, 2020 06;75:110-113.
PMID: 30846242 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.02.025

We report a case of relapsing-remitting opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (OMAS) in a patient with Hashimoto's encephalopathy, diagnosed after comprehensive evaluation. OMAS as a manifestation of Hashimoto's encephalopathy has been reported once previously. It is hoped that recognition of this entity and early initiation of immunotherapy will improve clinical outcomes for patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis/complications*
Fulltext ATP-activated P2X7 receptor in the pathophysiology of mood disorders and as an emerging target for the development of novel antidepressant therapeutics

Wei L, Syed Mortadza SA, Yan J, Zhang L, Wang L, Yin Y, et al.

Neurosci Biobehav Rev, 2018 Apr;87:192-205.
PMID: 29453990 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.02.005

Mood disorders are a group of psychiatric conditions that represent leading global disease burdens. Increasing evidence from clinical and preclinical studies supports that innate immune system dysfunction plays an important part in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. P2X7 receptor, belonging to the ligand-gated ion channel P2X subfamily of purinergic P2 receptors for extracellular ATP, is highly expressed in immune cells including microglia in the central nervous system (CNS) and has a vital role in mediating innate immune response. The P2X7 receptor is also important in neuron-glia signalling in the CNS. The gene encoding human P2X7 receptor is located in a locus of susceptibility to mood disorders. In this review, we will discuss the recent progress in understanding the role of the P2X7 receptor in the pathogenesis and development of mood disorders and in discovering CNS-penetrable P2X7 antagonists for potential uses in in vivo imaging to monitor brain inflammation and antidepressant therapeutics.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis/complications
Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis with overlapping Guillain-Barré syndrome: Usefulness of sequential nerve conduction studies

Fong CY, Aung HWW, Khairani A, Gan CS, Shahrizaila N, Goh KJ

Brain Dev, 2018 Jun;40(6):507-511.
PMID: 29459060 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2018.02.001

Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare immune-mediated disorder characterized by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia and disturbance of consciousness, which may overlap with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) if there is additional limb weakness. We report a 7-month-old boy presented with ophthalmoplegia followed by a rapidly ascending paralysis of all four limbs and disturbance of consciousness. The initial impression was BBE with overlapping GBS. This was supported by sequential nerve conduction study (NCS) findings compatible with an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). He received intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasmapharesis with complete clinical recovery after 6 weeks of illness and improved NCS findings from week 16. This is the first case of paediatric BBE with overlapping GBS with an AIDP subtype of GBS. It expands the clinical spectrum of this condition in children. Our case highlights the importance of sequential NCS in paediatric BBE with overlapping GBS for accurate electrophysiological diagnosis and prognosis particularly if the first NCS findings are not informative.

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis/complications*
Development of the clinical assessment scale in autoimmune encephalitis

Lim JA, Lee ST, Moon J, Jun JS, Kim TJ, Shin YW, et al.

Ann Neurol, 2019 03;85(3):352-358.
PMID: 30675918 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25421

OBJECTIVE: There is no scale for rating the severity of autoimmune encephalitis (AE). In this study, we aimed to develop a novel scale for rating severity in patients with diverse AE syndromes and to verify the reliability and validity of the developed scale.
METHODS: The key items were generated by a panel of experts and selected according to content validity ratios. The developed scale was initially applied to 50 patients with AE (development cohort) to evaluate its acceptability, reproducibility, internal consistency, and construct validity. Then, the scale was applied to another independent cohort (validation cohort, n = 38).
RESULTS: A new scale consisting of 9 items (seizure, memory dysfunction, psychiatric symptoms, consciousness, language problems, dyskinesia/dystonia, gait instability and ataxia, brainstem dysfunction, and weakness) was developed. Each item was assigned a value of up to 3 points. The total score could therefore range from 0 to 27. We named the scale the Clinical Assessment Scale in Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE). The new scale showed excellent interobserver (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.97) and intraobserver (ICC = 0.96) reliability for total scores, was highly correlated with modified Rankin scale (r = 0.86, p

Matched MeSH terms: Encephalitis/complications; Limbic Encephalitis/complications; Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/complications