MyMedR

Ng SY

Pediatr Dermatol, 2014 Sep-Oct;31(5):615-7.

A 5-month-old boy had erythematous nodules over the left side of his trunk with a segmental arrangement since birth. Histopathologic examination revealed sheets of foamy histiocytes infiltrating the dermis and subcutaneous fat, admixed with multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes, making this an unusual case of juvenile xanthogranuloma appearing in a segmental distribution.

Extensive facial and orbital infantile hemangiomas associated with high intraocular pressure

Shatriah I, Norazizah MA, Wan-Hitam WH, Wong AR, Yunus R, Leo SW

Pediatr Dermatol, 2013 Jan-Feb;30(1):151-4.

PMID: 22329437 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2011.01618.x

High intraocular pressure is a rare ophthalmic condition associated with infantile hemangiomas that involves the orbit, eyelid, or both. Here, we describe a patient with extensive facial and orbital infantile hemangiomas associated with high intraocular pressure in the affected eye. The prompt management of this challenging condition is essential.

Multiple milia in a newborn with congenital malformations: oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1

Nanda A, Sharaf A, Alsaleh QA

Pediatr Dermatol, 2011 4 22;27(6):669-70.

PMID: 21510010

Oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 (OMIM #311200) is an X-linked dominant, developmental disorder. Among the 13 described clinical variants of oral-facial-digital syndrome, oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 is of significance to dermatologists due to presence of congenital milia and hypotrichosis, not described in other variants. Since oral-facial-digital syndrome type 1 is genetically a distinct entity, awareness of these features help to clinically delineate this from other variants.

Congenital yellow nail syndrome: a case report and its relationship to nonimmune fetal hydrops

Nanda A, Al-Essa FH, El-Shafei WM, Alsaleh QA

Pediatr Dermatol, 2010 Sep-Oct;27(5):533-4.

PMID: 20807364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01259.x

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by a triad of nail dystrophy, lymphedema, and pleural effusion. It is rare in children and congenital occurrence of YNS has been very rarely described. We report a 2-year-old Arab boy having congenital yellow nail syndrome with mild facial dysmorphism and bilateral conjunctival pigmentation born to consanguineous parents. One of his older siblings had died of nonimmune fetal hydrops (NIFH). The case supports the genetic basis of yellow nail syndrome with a possible relationship to nonimmune fetal hydrops.

Does Order of Application of Emollient and Topical Corticosteroids Make a Difference in the Severity of Atopic Eczema in Children?

Ng SY, Begum S, Chong SY

Pediatr Dermatol, 2016 Mar;33(2):160-4.

PMID: 26856694 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12758

Atopic eczema (AE) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder in children, with emollients and topical corticosteroids (TCSs) commonly prescribed as treatment. There is no published guidance on the correct order of application of emollient and TCS in children with AE.

Rothmund-Thomson syndrome in fraternal twins

Tong M

Pediatr Dermatol, 1995 Jun;12(2):134-7.

PMID: 7659639

Fraternal twins of Malay descent had the Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. This is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by photosensitivity, poikiloderma, short stature, skeletal defects, and juvenile cataracts. This is the first case report of the syndrome from southeast Asia.

Thyroid function, autoantibodies, and HLA tissue typing in children with alopecia areata

Nanda A, Alsaleh QA, Al-Hasawi F, Al-Muzairai I

Pediatr Dermatol, 2002 11 20;19(6):486-91.

PMID: 12437547

A total of 80 Kuwaiti children with alopecia areata (AA), without clinical evidence of thyroid disease, were screened for the presence of thyroid abnormalities, and 50 unrelated children with AA were tissue typed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II antigens. Thyroid abnormalities were detected in 14 children (17.5%). Among these, 11 children (14%) had thyroid autoantibodies. These observations highlight the significance of screening for thyroid abnormalities in children with chronic, recurrent, and/or extensive disease. The Kuwaiti children with AA were observed to have a significant association with HLA B21 (OR 18.850, 95% CI 4.404-80.677), B40 (OR 6.767, 95% CI 1.818-25.181), and HLA B12 (OR 4.833, 95% CI 1.198-19.505) antigens. These findings differed from those reported elsewhere.

Food restriction, nutrition status, and growth in toddlers with atopic dermatitis

Low DW, Jamil A, Md Nor N, Kader Ibrahim SB, Poh BK

Pediatr Dermatol, 2020 Jan;37(1):69-77.

PMID: 31667896 DOI: 10.1111/pde.14004

BACKGROUND: Multiple factors affect growth in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). We investigated food restriction practice, nutrition, and growth in children with AD. Food restriction is defined as restriction ≥3 types of food due to AD or food allergy.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 150 children aged 12-36 months.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA: recurrent infections, moderate to severe asthma, recent systemic steroid, other diseases affecting growth/nutrition. Growth parameters, SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium, potassium, albumin, protein, calcium, phosphate, B12, iron, and folate values were determined. Parents completed a 3-day food diary.

RESULTS: The prevalence of food restriction was 60.7%. Commonly restricted foods were shellfish 62.7%, nuts 53.3%, egg 50%, dairy 29.3%, and cow's milk 28.7%. Food-restricted children have significantly lower calorie, protein, fat, riboflavin, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus and iron intakes and lower serum iron, protein and albumin values. Z scores of weight-for-age (-1.38 ± 1.02 vs -0.59 ± 0.96, P = .00), height-for-age (-1.34 ± 1.36 vs -0.51 ± 1.22, P = .00), head circumference-for-age (-1.37 ± 0.90 vs -0.90 ± 0.81, P = .00), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)-for-age (-0.71 ± 0.90 vs -0.22 ± 0.88, P = .00), and BMI-for-age (-0.79 ± 1.15 vs -0.42 ± 0.99, P = .04) were significantly lower in food-restricted compared to non-food-restricted children. More food-restricted children were stunted, underweight with lower head circumference and MUAC. Severe disease was an independent risk factor for food restriction with OR 5.352; 95% CI, 2.26-12.68.

CONCLUSION: Food restriction is common in children with AD. It is associated with lower Z scores for weight, height, head circumference, MUAC, and BMI. Severe disease is an independent risk factor for food restriction.

Infantile vitiligo and alopecia in immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy enteropathy X-linked syndrome

Lee WQ, Leong KF

Pediatr Dermatol, 2023;40(5):886-889.

PMID: 36727435 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15266

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) is characterized by failure to thrive, severe chronic diarrhea, neonatal type 1 diabetes or thyroiditis, and eczematous dermatitis. We report a patient with infantile onset IPEX syndrome who developed vitiligo, alopecia, and chronic diarrhea. Awaiting stem cell transplant, he had multiple episodes of sepsis and succumbed at the age of 10 months. The constellation of symptoms is important to prompt clinicians to suspect this rare syndrome as early hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only cure for IPEX patients.

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