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  1. Hadi AE, Hamdan MHM, Siregar JP, Junid R, Tezara C, Irawan AP, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Aug 01;13(15).
    PMID: 34372175 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152572
    Woven laminated composite has gained researchers' and industry's interest over time due to its impressive mechanical performance compared to unidirectional composites. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the woven laminated composite are hard to predict. There are many micromechanical models based on unidirectional composite but limited to the woven laminated composite. The current research work was conducted to evaluate elastic moduli of hybrid jute-ramie woven reinforced unsaturated polyester composites using micromechanical effectiveness unidirectional models, such as ROM, IROM, Halpin-Tsai, and Hirsch, which are based on stiffness. The hybrid jute-ramie laminated composite was fabricated with different layering sizes, and the stacking sequence was completed via hand lay-up with the compression machine. Tensile modulus values for hybrid composites are between those for single jute and single ramie. Obtained p-values less than 0.05 prove the relationship between layering size and tensile modulus. This study showed that several micromechanical models, such as Halpin-Tsai's predicted value of homogenized mechanical properties, were in good agreement with the experimental result. In the case of the hybrid composite, the micromechanical model deviates from the experimental result. Several modifications are required to improve the current existing model. A correlation function was calculated based on the differences between the elastic modulus values determined experimentally and those derived from each micromechanical model calculation.
  2. Tezara C, Hadi AE, Siregar JP, Muhamad Z, Hamdan MHM, Oumer AN, et al.
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Aug 31;13(17).
    PMID: 34503004 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172964
    Recently, the most critical issue related to the use of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPC) is the degradation properties of composites exposed to the environment. NFRPC's moisture absorption behaviour has adverse effects on the composite's mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The purpose of this study is to analyse the mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced by jute-ramie hybridisation. This study also analysed the effect of stacking sequence hybridisation of the jute-ramie composite on water absorption behaviour. A five-layer different type of stacking sequence of single and hybrid jute-ramie is produced with the hand lay-up method. The results obtained from this study found that the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of a single jute fibre are lower compared to a single ramie fibre. The hybrid of jute-ramie has been able to increase the performance of composite compared to pure jute composites. The mechanical properties of the hybrid jute-ramie composite show a reduction effect after exposure to an aqueous environment due to the breakdown of fibre matrix interfacial bonding. However, after 28 days of immersion, all types of the stacking sequence's mechanical properties are still higher than that of pure epoxy resin. In conclusion, the appropriate sequence of stacking and selecting the material used are two factors that predominantly affect the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour. The hybrid composites with the desired and preferable properties can be manufactured using a hand-lay-up technique and used in the various industrial applications.
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